Economists' Perceptions of Their Own Research

A bstract This paper presents the results of a recently conducted survey of 1500 professional economists living in the United States and Canada. The study was undertaken in an attempt to ascertain professional economists'views of the worth and usefulness of their own scientific research . The response rate of the survey was 49 percent (734 respondents) yielding statistical results which suggest that economists do believe their research has some social value . Economists in this survey believe, however, that the spillover benefits from that research are not substantial and are probably limited to certain groups.     

What Do Economists Talk About? A Linguistic Analysis of Published Writing in Economic Journals

A bstract .   The present study aims to add to our knowledge about economic rhetoric by conducting a data-driven analysis of economic academic discourse, both synchronically in its contemporary form, and diachronically over the past four decades. We find (1) that linguistically, economics is clearly an academic genre of its own, (2) that there are at the same time clear differences in vocabulary and style usage across economic journals, and (3) that there have been major developments in economic prose during the past four decades. We argue that there is some, albeit tentative, evidence that the discipline may face an increasing methodological gap.     

A SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LITERATURE OF FINANCE AND GROWTH

Abstract.  This paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of financial development and economic growth. The survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of financial development in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables. Although the positive role of finance on growth has become a stylized fact, there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies. Several key issues unresolved in the literature are highlighted. The paper also points to several directions for future research.     

Learning to be Sociable: The Evolution of Homo Economicus

A bstract .   This article studies the evolution of the economic man ( Homo economicus ) from its original conception until the current day. By analyzing the discourse of economic articles, we provide a chronological account of the economic man's intellectual and philosophical development as it evolved from what we term the philosophical age to the neoclassical age and finally to the strategic age. The article then shows how the economic man in the strategic age is slowly finding convergence with the sociological man ( Homo sociologicus ). A reconciliation of the two sapiens is difficult. However, recent papers on behavioral and experimental economics provide insights into a possible reconciliation. Our study argues that the purpose of the sociological man is to identify who he is, how he interacts with people within a society, and the antecedents to such behaviors. Homo economicus, however, has no overarching philosophical assumptions on what he values. The objectives of each discipline are different and, once one is mapped onto the other, it is unclear if there is truly any tension between them.     

THE ECONOMIC CAUSES OF OBESITY: A SURVEY

Abstract.  Obesity rates have increased dramatically over the last 30 years. Rising obesity has developed into a considerable worldwide public health problem with significant economic and social consequences. Accordingly, obesity has become a subject of economic research. This paper provides a broad survey of the recent and growing economic literature on the causes of obesity. The literature, both theoretical and empirical, overall aims to explain the rising obesity trend and to identify the factors that contribute to obesity. Also surveyed are non-economic causes and consequences of obesity and the interconnection with economic influences. An understanding of the causes of obesity allows policies to be considered that might stem the global increase in obesity.     

The Market, the Firm, and the Economics Profession

The mathematical and statistical complexity of economic research increased remarkably over the past century. While criticisms of the trend abound, the "wisdom of crowds" argument creates a presumption that the profession's acceptance of increasing mathematical sophistication is a net improvement. I provide a contrasting "market failure" argument for the excessive mathematization of economics. Academic research is not a cash-based economy, and this limits economists' ability to contract for assistance with technical research. Consequently, production of mathematical and statistical research must use the firm—the department—instead of the market. This alters the composition of the faculty and ultimately the economics curriculum, and the resulting level of sophistication may be greater than optimal.     

Entrepreneurial orientation in sports entrepreneurship - a mixed methods analysis of professional soccer clubs in the German-speaking countries

In recent years, sports entrepreneurship has emerged as a promising discipline in the field of sports management research. However, the research field is still fragmented. This study gives an overview of sports entrepreneurship and coopetition research and is the first work analyzing EO and performance in professional sports. First, quantitative results about EO, organizational performance and coopetition of 22 professional soccer clubs were obtained. Following the mixed method approach, the data was then extended by qualitative expert interviews. Entrepreneurial orientation had a significant positive relationship with both financial and sporting performance of professional soccer clubs in German-speaking countries during the 2017/18 season. We suggest coopetition as a promising strategy for professional soccer clubs to succeed. Hence, our study fosters the concept of sports entrepreneurship and offers evidence that entrepreneurial orientation is a well-suited managerial approach to enhance organizational performance in professional soccer.

     

技术经济方法体系的拓展与完善——基于学科发展历史视角的分析

本文从学科发展历史的视角,全面分析了技术经济学创立以来,经济社会环境、学科研究对象以及学科方法体系发生的变化和调整,并对未来学科及其方法体系的发展趋势进行展望。技术经济方法体系的形成和完善是适应经济社会现实需求及学科研究范畴调整需要的结果。当前,技术经济与经济学诸多前沿领域形成交叉融合,技术经济方法体系也在吸收各种定量及定性方法工具过程中得到完善。未来,系统论在技术经济研究中将成为重要甚至占主导地位的方法论,微观细化、宏观集成的趋势将逐步确立并强化。     

THE RISE AND DECLINE OF ECONOMIC POLICY AS AN AUTONOMOUS DISCIPLINE: A CRITICAL SURVEY

After Adam Smith's statement of market virtues, the process of gestation of economic policy as a rational set of rules for public agenda has been rather slow. Until not so long ago, economic policy as a discipline was often confined to prescribing practical rules intended to explain technical procedures of government intervention. Economic policy– as a coherent and to some extent autonomous discipline–only emerged in the late 1950s in Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Italy, when solid foundations indicating not only microeconomic but also macroeconomic market failures and a theory about the conditions for policy effectiveness and design were consistently developed. This paper intends to explain the reasons for the emergence of the discipline, the circumstances that favoured its diffusion, the reasons for its apparent setback and some factors that could facilitate its diffusion in the next years     

Pareto, Parsons, and the Boundary Between Economics and Sociology

A bstract .   Recent discussions of the separation bUniversity of Bremenetween economics and sociology in the United States highlight the way Talcott Parsons used Vilfredo Pareto's Trattato di Sociologia Generale to propose that economics study logical actions and sociology study nonlogical actions. This article argues instead that in Pareto's treatise: (1) sociology is a synthetic discipline concerned with the study of human society in general; (2) human behavior is nearly always logical from a subjective point of view; and (3) sociology studies both logical and nonlogical behavior judged from an objective viewpoint. Thus, Pareto is an important intellectual ancestor for economic sociology.     

Iranian Disease: Why a Developing Country's Government Did Not Listen to Economists' Advices

Why did the Iranian government push its economy towards Dutch disease, even when the consensus of Iranian economists and the majority of the media warned about the consequences of the adopted policies and the symptoms of economic illness? This study shows that Iranian Dutch disease occurred between 2006 and 2009 when a combination of favorable socioeconomic incentives and affirmative structural‐cultural backgrounds, including public acceptance of redistributive policies, short‐term perspectives of life and the development process, institutionalized obedience, and the increasing general perception of corruption, led the government to neglect economists' warnings and insist on its policies.     

Social Anthropology in Economic Literature at the End of the 19th Century: Eugenic and Racial Explanations of Inequality

A bstract .   At the end of the 19^th century, Georges Vacher de Lapouge and Otto Ammon founded a school of thought denominated "social anthropology" or "anthropo-sociology," aimed at placing racism on a scientific basis. Their intent was to create a new discipline into which the themes of biological heredity, natural selection, social stratification, and political organization were to converge. This paper intends to demonstrate the wide resonance that anthroposociology had in the economic literature, analyzing the thought of authors such as Carlos C. Closson, Vilfredo Pareto, and Thorstein Veblen. A particular focus will be on the racial and eugenic arguments used as explanation of social and economic inequality.     

安全工程专业“就业+实习+设计”一体化模式的探索与实践

为提高安全工程专业学生实践能力、从业能力等综合能力,进一步提高人才培养质量,构建了"就业+实习+设计"一体化模式,在此基础上,以我院安全工程专业毕业生为对象,以签约单位珲春矿业(集团)公司为实践基地,进行一体化模式实践,实践证明该模式应用效果较好,实现了企业、学校、学生三者共赢,人才培养质量得到较大提高,该研究对工科专业实践教学具有重要的借鉴意义和推广价值。     

Looking for a Guide to Protect the Environment: The Development of the Precautionary Principle

Abstract.  If the precautionary principle is to become the guide of the international community for environmental protection policies, an economic interpretation of the principle is in order. The analysis of case studies and a survey of the recent decision theoretic literature show the lack of a fully satisfactory economic model. More generally various theoretical and empirical results show that the principle cannot be assumed to apply a priori . Though it has been proposed by international treaties as a rule of thumb for situations of scientific uncertainty, the precautionary principle could actually be inefficient.     

人力资源开发学科:在争议中健康发展

在20世纪90年代,人力资源开发作为一门学科在国际领域内达成共识,人力资源开发专业逐渐壮大。人力资源开发在经历理论的不断的成熟和实践地位的提高,在培育个人专业素质和提升组织绩效方面具有重要作用,逐渐向一门成熟学科迈进。然而,在该学科发展道路中,由于受到学科属性、研究切入点和文化属性影响,人力资源开发学科发展中产生许多争议。当今,人力资源开发的学科身份、本质、理论与实践的关系和未来发展存在的争议,但人力资源开发作为一门独立学科将健康发展。     

Mapping Growth into Economic Development

A bstract .   The study finds that elite political instability (PI)—the incidence of coups d'etat—has negatively influenced the mapping of GDP growth into economic development, measured as the algebraic difference in the United Nations Human Development Index, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) between 1970 and 1985. Taking into account the additional adverse impact of PI on economic development through its deleterious influence on economic growth, the study estimates that PI has exacted a substantial toll in SSA's economic development.     

浅论高职高专《市场营销学》课程改革的实践探索

《市场营销学》是经济管理学科的重要专业基础课程,是高职高专院校市场营销专业的核心专业课程。该课程对于经济管理学科体系中非市场营销专业的学生而言,可以培养其适应快速变化的经济环境的能力,提高学生的专业素养及人文素养。对于市场营销专业学生而言更具有举足轻重的意义,可以帮助其理解营销的基本原理,了解学科的体系框架以备更深入的学习和探索该专业的其它课程;可以培养学生运用营销组合策略的能力,培养专业学生成为具有综合性和创造性素质的人才。本文主要就高职高专《市场营销学》教学改革的实践探索过程中的切身感受给出一些叙述,旨在进一步完善《市场营销学》课程的教学。     

浅析高校光伏建筑一体化及其应用

本文简单介绍了海南科技职业学院的光伏建筑一体化项目,概括了光伏建筑一体化的优点;浅析了光伏建筑一体化在节能和环保方面的功能及其在高校光电应用技术专业的教学和科研方面的应用;分析结果表明:在高校建设光电建筑一体化,不但能够很好的满足专业教学和科研要求,提高学生的实践能力,而且具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Measuring Embeddedness and Its Effect on New Venture Creation—A Study of Farm Diversification

Social embeddedness has been found to influence the development of new ventures, providing a basis for the trust needed for economic exchange. This study takes a novel approach to measuring embeddedness, focusing on entrepreneurs' perceived value of advice from various network partners, and shows that different types of partners exercise different influences. Analysis of a survey of 670 farm businesses shows varied embeddedness in professional and social networks, where stronger embeddedness in social networks is more associated with the development of diversified enterprises, whereas stronger professional networks is more associated with a lower incidence of such development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

发展现代物流与多元化商品学人才的培养

商品学学科的建设与现代物流的发展密不可分。培养多元化的商品学人才是适应现代物流发展要求的。在阐述商品学和物流之间联系的基础上,提出了商品学学科的发展思路,给出了商品学学科建设的基本要求,提出了商品学学科可以在商品检验检测、质量科学和工程、通关管理等方向进行突破。