改善我国当前就业结构的税收政策建议

就业结构是反映社会经济总体发展水平的重要指标，在国民经济运行和就业活动中具有极其重要的作用。本文首先从我国目前就业的产业结构、城乡的就业结构入手，分析了我国目前存在的就业结构调整问题，并通过计量经济学角度分析就业结构与我国税收的关系，给出就业结构调整的税收政策建议。     

我国经济增长与就业增长非一致性的制度解释及制度安排

经济增长与就业增长之间的一致性是西方发达国家经济发展的一个基本经验,而我国在制度转型中经济增长与就业增长出现了不一致或就业弹性偏低的现象,本文从制度的角度对这一现象进行了解释。政府政绩评价制度、收入分配制度、产权制度和人力资本制度等问题作出新的安排。     

我国第三产业就业结构分析

第三产业已成为目前我国扩大就业的主要领域。但目前我国第三产业就业结构不甚合理，需要优化。从第三产业就业结构变动及就业弹性角度分析，我国应重点发展房地产业和社会服务业，这有利于扩大第三产业的就业容量。     

数字经济对高质量就业的双重影响及其实现路径

就业是民生之基、财富之源，当前稳就业和保就业仍然是“六稳”“六保”各项工作的重中之重。经济发展是实现高质量就业的助推器，而近年来蓬勃发展的数字经济对实现高质量就业产生了较为广泛且深远的影响。在把握数字经济的内涵及我国数字经济发展趋势的基础上，从正反两个方面分析数字经济对高质量就业的双重影响。一方面，数字经济能够扩容就业“蓄水池”，使就业机会推陈出新；能够筑牢就业“压舱石”，让就业生态千姿百态；还能旋转就业“魔方块”，令就业结构革故鼎新。另一方面，数字经济对高质量就业也产生了负面影响：劳动者权益得不到有效保障，劳资关系或日益紧张；对低技能劳动者产生替代效应，收入差距或逐步扩大；对不同产业行业产生差异化影响，经济效率或受到影响。数字经济视域下实现高质量就业的路径包括：依靠平台经济，扩大数字就业岗位，创新就业形式；改善教育体系，注重数字人才培养，优化就业结构；关注青年群体，拓宽数字就业选择，增强就业信心；完善法律制度，强化数字就业服务，提供就业保障。     

电力市场环境下电源投资建设过程风险管理相关问题的研究

文章在回顾传统的服务经济与就业理论的基础上,从供给、需求和制度三个角度综述了近年来在服务经济对就业影响的研究上的新进展。无论从哪个角度来分析,服务经济的发展对就业有较大贡献的结论得到了进一步证实。     

服务经济与就业:理论述评

文章在回顾传统的服务经济与就业理论的基础上,从供给、需求和制度三个角度综述了近年来在服务经济对就业影响问题研究上的新进展。无论从哪个角度来分析,服务经济的发展对就业有较大贡献的结论都得到了进一步证实。     

工业机器人应用对稳就业目标实现的影响研究——基于马克思主义政治经济学的视角

本文基于马克思主义政治经济学关于资本与劳动关系的理论，结合我国稳就业政策目标，研究作为现代技术进步典型代表的工业机器人对我国稳就业目标实现带来的影响。从工业机器人在马克思主义政治经济学理论中的再认识出发，从剩余价值和劳动资料角度给出构造分析框架的逻辑起点。通过对工业机器人应用过程中的资本积累与劳动创造的相关分析，构建了我国工业机器人促进稳就业实现的分析框架，揭示了工业机器人应用过程中实现稳就业的方式，深入阐释了政治经济学视阈下的就业创造效应，推动工业机器人应用与我国稳就业相互促进。     

社会排斥视角下的残疾人就业探讨

残疾人作为一个弱势群体，其就业问题关乎国计民生，应引起国家的高度重视。目前我国残疾入的就业工作虽取得一定成绩，但仍存在许多问题。本文从社会排斥的角度分析了残疾人就业田境的成因，并从个人、政府和社会三个层面提出促进残疾人就业的措施。     

我国经济增长与就业弹性问题研究

文章从理论上分析了影响就业弹性的因素，运用差分公式法和经济增长模型法分别测算了我国不同阶段的就业弹性值。指出了差分公式法的局限性。测算结果表明，自改革开放以来，我国的就业弹性水平出现显著性下滑，经济增长对就业的拉动作用减弱。最后，就提高我国就业弹性水平以促进就业提出了对策和建议。     

从人口规模看我国的就业问题

我国是世界上人口最多的国家,也是世界上劳动力资源最丰富的发展中国家,其就业压力也最大。近年来,失业问题已经引起了我国各级政府和社会各界的广泛关注。从人口规模角度探讨我国的就业问题,分析人口规模对就业的影响,这对实现我国经济发展战略,实现人口与经济、社会的协调发展都具有重要意义。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Issues in Childcare Policy in Australia

This article assesses the feasibility and desirability of a universal scheme of early childhood education for Australian children aged 3 and 4 years old.