人口、资源、环境与社会经济发展问题分析

人口、资源和环境是关于经济发展的三个重要因素,人口、资源、环境与社会经济之间既相互制约又相互依存,四者只有协调发展,才能消除其间的消极影响,促进其积极影响,实现发展的良性循环.我国作为一个发展中国家,在以经济发展为前提时,也应注意在发展过程中同时解决人口、资源和环境问题.基于此,本文详细分析了人口对经济发展、资源对经济发展和环境对经济发展的影响,仅供参考.     

能源经济发展战略中的利益分配问题探析——以山西为例

能源与环境问题是一个全球性的普遍问题,也是中国发展过程中必须关心、关注的战略问题。山西作为一个资源大省,要落实科学发展观,实现社会、经济、人口、资源、环境的协调发展,必须解决好能源经济发展过程中的利益分配的均衡问题。     

加强生态环境建设与保护建设宝安园林式花园式城镇

随着工业化、城市化的发展，人们对赖以生存和发展的生态环境越来越重视，加强生态环境建设与保护，实施可持续发展战略。已逐渐成为人们的共识。对这个问题，去年３月份。江总书记在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会也强调：“在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的过程中，我们必须始终把经济发展与人口资源环境工作紧密结合起来，统筹安排，协调推进。”因此，能不能做好人口资源环境工作努力实现经济、社会、环境、人口与资源的协调发展，关系到人民群众的生活质量，关系到社会经济的发展和稳定、必须把控制人口、节约资源、保护环境放在国民经济…     

人口膨胀困境对可持续发展的挑战与对策

进入 2 1世纪初的中国 ,人口问题仍然是中国一切问题中的最大难题。它已经成为中国经济、社会可持续发展的严重障碍。必须清醒地认识和正确处理人口、资源、环境与经济发展的相互关系 ,紧紧抓住人口这个关键环节 ,继续严格控制人口数量 ,加大教育投资力度 ,努力提高人口素质 ,从而保证可持续发展战略目标的实现。     

郑州市人口及其对经济发展的影响分析

人口与区域社会经济发展密切相关.郑州市人口发展为社会提供了丰富的劳动力资源,人口素质不断提高为经济发展提供了高素质的人才.但是,人口数量的不断膨胀,人口素质偏低,人口结构不稳定,使郑州人口与经济发展要求不协调,在一定程度上影响和制约了郑州市经济、资源、环境的协调发展和可持续发展.     

中国西部地区人口、环境、资源与经济可持续发展对策

如何协调中国西部人口、资源、环境与经济发展的关系,缓解资源总供给与总需求的矛盾,以促进西部社会经济的可持续发展,已成为西部建立和谐社会的关键。文章根据西部人口与生态环境现实状况以及人口、环境、资源与经济协调发展的重要性,提出了西部地区人口、生态、资源与经济协调发展的主要对策。     

民族贫困地区实现可持续发展的要素分析——以湘西自治州区域经济发展为例

人口、资源、环境、经济四要素的良性循环是民族贫困地区实现可持续发展的关键。但由于长期来突进式经济发展模式的影响，民族贫困地区人口增长过快，资源盲目开发，环境破坏严重，产业结构不合理，形成了上述四要素的非良性循环。要改变这种局面，必须大力开发人力资源，保护生态环境，调整产业结构，促进民族贫困地区整个社会的和谐发展。     

我国环境资源产权制度构建模式探讨

由于经济的发展和人口的增长,我国的环境问题日益突出,为了有效解决经济发展和环境保护的矛盾,必须进行环境治理和环境保护政策的创新,而环境资源产权制度的构建就是有效的手段之一。根据我国环境资源产权制度构建的制约因素和我国环境资源产权制度改革的实践经验,当前环境资源产权制度的构建主要可以采取两种可行的模式:构建排污权交易制度和构建森林资源环境产权补偿制度。     

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的郑州市资源环境承载力综合评价

文章通过构建熵权TOPSIS模型对郑州市资源环境承载力进行综合评价,分析了郑州市资源环境承载力的驱动因素,结果表明,在2002—2016年,郑州市区域总体的资源环境承载力呈现上升趋势,资源环境承载力对郑州市社会经济发展的影响因子也越来越大,并逐渐成为主要的制约因素,同时,由于资源环境自身所具有的刚性,郑州市资源环境的承载力变动性不大,当社会经济及人口增长到达一定水平之后,资源环境承载力将会制约郑州市经济社会的进一步发展。     

太原市经济和资源的人口承载力研究

太原市作为山西省的省会城市和资源型城市,随着经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快,人口与资源、环境之间的矛盾日益凸显。文章通过全面系统的分析太原市人口增长和经济发展、自然资源和生态环境之间的相互关系,提出了人口、经济、资源、环境协调发展的基本途径和对策建议。     

The long term impact of economic development in developed countries on developing countries since 1820

The linkages between the economic development of developed and developing countries are analyzed historically. The analysis is divided into epochs, distinguished by global trade regimes and by common characteristics of long term economic growth. The break throughs in long distance transport technology which occured during the industrial revolution created a global economy in which the rythm of economic activity in developing economies became linked to that of developed economies. The major transmission mechanisms were international trade, international migration and international capital flows. Exports were the main engine of growth in developing countries. But the effects of export expansion varied across countries. The speed of transmission of the industrial revolution to developing countries depended on their institutional readiness; countries with most developed capitalist institutions in factor markets were the first to develop. The extent of diffusion of the benefits of growth from export expansion within developing countries also depended on the nature of their institutions, both economic and political. Finally, policies with respect to international trade, investment and agriculture were also critical to the speed and diffusion of economic development.The research underlying this paper is the result of a twentyfive year collaboration with Professor Cynthia Taft Morris. She is indebted to the World Bank for financing the research in this paper as part of the background studies for the World Development Report 1991. She is also indebted to Sherman Robinson for his comments.     

经济全球化对发展中国家经济发展的影响与对策

随着经济全球化的发展,经济全球化自身存在的诸多不足与局限也日益显现.这些不足和局限对发展中国家的经济发展也带来了多方面的消极影响.对此,发展中国家需要在国内和国际两个层面建立起有效的发展机制,才能实现自己的经济发展目标.     

How Digital Economy Affects High-Quality Economic Development: Based on International Comparison

This paper estimates the size of the digital economy in 38 countries between 2005 and 2018 and conducts an empirical study on this foundation. The results show that the digital economy has a significant role in promoting high quality economic development, primarily through industrial digitalizaion. Further research shows regional heterogeneity in the impact of the digital economy, which is greater in developed countries. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms shows that the digital economy promotes high-quality economic development in both developed and developing countries by improving technological efficiency and technological progress. However, the effect of technological progress in developing countries is clearly weaker than that in developed countries. In addition, scale efficiency in developing countries are not strengthened by the digital economy. Therefore, high-quality economic development requires the digital transformation of traditional industries and promoting their integration with digital technologies.     

对刘易斯二元经济发展模式的再认识

刘易斯二元经济发展模式给出了发展中国家经济发展的路径,但是,这个发展路径是有条件的。从资源环境的视角,对刘易斯二元经济发展模式的条件进行了分析,提出应通过大力发展产业链环上的产业破解中国二元经济发展中遇到的资源环境制约问题。     

New general theory of economic development: Innovative growth and distribution

Economic development, which refers to the process of progressive transformation of an economy, is a multifaceted term without a universal definition. This article presents the constitutive elements of economic development: growth, distribution, and innovation. Economic development has been ubiquitous with the economic progress of “developing” countries, but the changing economic circumstances of “developed” countries, such as stagnant growth, regional economic disparity within developed countries, and deepening income gaps among citizens of developed countries, have made this term also relevant to address the economic problems of developed countries. The mechanisms of economic development, with respect to both developed and developing countries, are elusive, and the existing theories have not been able to explain these mechanisms of economic development adequately. This article reviews the existing theories and presents a new theoretical framework to explain the process of economic development.     

How is development economics taught in developing countries?

A survey of instructors and data collected from course syllabi and examinations are used to examine how the subject of development economics is taught at the undergraduate and master's levels in developing countries, compared to undergraduate classes in the United States. Topic coverage, teaching approach, and means of assessment all differ from that in leading U.S. economics departments. Development economics is taught largely as a theoretical subject coupled with case studies in developing countries, with few courses emphasizing use of data or empirical methods. Limited financial resources, the educational level of students, and low involvement of instructors in research are considered as explanations for the way the subject is taught in developing countries. The authors conclude with suggestions for improving teaching of development economics.     

论发展生态旅游的理论基础

针对生态旅游在全球发展的态势以及内涵，本交通过分析200多年来发达国家和发展中国家在单纯经济增长片面发展观指导下推行的工业化和现代化过程中造成的经济、社会和环境不可协调的矛盾，认为生态旅游的发展正是把人的发展和社会进步作为发展目标的同时，强调经济、社会、人、自然之间协调发展的一种具体写照，是可持续发展观指导下的一种具体实践活动，完全符合可持续发展观的准则。因此，可持续发展现是当今国际社会发展生态旅游的理论基础。     

India’s Green Revolution: Economic Gains and Political Costs

Research and development (R&;D) promotion policies are critical for economic development in the sense that they contribute to technical progress. Although it is true that policy space is restricted under the World Trade Organization (WTO) system, there are still some R&;D promotion policy measures made available to developing countries. It is thus necessary for developing countries to utilize such available measures. In addition to explaining the R&;D promotion measures available under the current WTO regulations, I provide suggestions for modifying the Uruguay Round Subsidies Code with respect to the R&;D promotion policies of developing countries from the viewpoint of “distributional fairness” in international trade relations.     

International migration,foreign direct investment,and development stage in developing economies

The existing empirical results on the relationship between FDI and migration are rather mixed. This study reevaluates, both theoretically and empirically, how inward FDI relates to emigration in developing countries. Our model illustrates that the relationship between inward FDI and emigration flows depends on the development stage of a developing country, that is, there is a positive association between inward FDI and emigration flows for relatively less‐developed countries but a negative association between these two variables for relatively developed countries. We confirm the empirical validity of our model prediction using the panel data of 21 OECD and 51 non‐OECD countries during the period from 2003 to 2012. Our results argue that as economic development proceeds in a developing country, the home effect of inward FDI associated with intensified labor demand would dominate the linkage effect that induces the brain drain problem through enhancing the socioeconomic ties with migrant networks.