新制度经济学的兴起与公共财政论的发展

中国财政学的发展趋势是在社会共同需要论的基础之上发展公共财政论。近年来, 新制度经济学的兴起对正统经济理论（ 新古典经济学） 提出了挑战。新制度经济学的兴起对公共财政论产生了较大的影响, 本文拟对此进行分析, 以期更为全面地认识公共财政论。     

西方新制度经济学的流派渊源关系及其发展趋势

在西方新制度经济学的形成和发展过程中 ,基本保留了新古典经济学的不变硬核 ,新制度经济学通过引入信息和交易成本以及产权的约束 ,修正了新古典经济学的保护带。它们抛弃了新古典经济学的一些硬核 ,如理性选择模型。同为制度经济学派 ,新制度经济学与近代制度经济学派没有任何理论渊源关系 ,但是他们都关注制度问题。马克思历史唯物主义框架对新制度经济学体系的形成产生了重要的影响。西方新制度经济学发展的趋势呈现出模型化、强调历史的作用、注重制度差异的研究及用制度方法解释发展差异等特点。     

论法经济学建立的经济学基础

法经济学体系的建立,依赖于两大理论作基础,一是经济学理论,二是法理学基础。在经济学方面,古典自由主义的经济学说为法经济学提供了思想武器,新古典经济学为法经济学提供了重要的理论基础,新制度经济学则直接为法经济学提供了方法论基础。     

契约经济学发展的若干前沿问题

契约经济学是近20年来经济学最前沿的研究方向之一，新古典经济学中无法解释的许多实际问题，运用契约经济学方法可以得到比较好的理解。科斯（1937）的开创性研究奠定了新制度经济学在经济学中应有的地位。作为新制度经济学的一个分支，契约经济学理论的研究也方兴未艾。本文主要围绕几个主题对契约经济学理论发展的前沿进行综述，并对契约经济学发展前景做出展望。     

交易过程与交易成本

交易作为基本的经济活动，其过程的复杂性使得人们有不同的认识，因而形成了交易成本定义的多样性。人们对交易成本理解的分歧，使得在解释经济现象和构造经济理论时，产生了“新古典经济学”与“新制度经济学”两种解释模式。     

新制度经济学及其发展

本文简要概括新制度经济学的基本特征，描述其与新古典经济理论的不同之处，并运用这一框架来分析发展问题。     

两种新制度经济学：语义区分与理论渊源

在西方主流经济学中,尽管两个“新制度经济学（neoinstitutinal economics和new institutional economics）都将制度作为主要研究对象,但其理论基础和价值取向截然不同。国内热衷于对新古典传统的制度经济学的研究,过于冷落了凡勃伦传统的制度经济学,从而导致对后者的一些片面甚至是错误的看法。     

现代主流经济学的制度转向及其制度不及——兼论新制度主义的分析思维及其范式缺陷

新古典经济学是研究既定制度下个体理性行为的学说,而社会制度的确立原则不同于属于个体的行为原则,因为社会制度涉及到众多社会性因素。不幸的是,流行的新制度主义恰恰舍弃了包括伦理、历史和权力等社会性因素,而试图把制度分析纳入新古典经济学框架,它或者基于博弈均衡来分析和解释那些正式规则,或者基于理性建模的互动行为分析来构设社会制度。正是基于这种抽象思维,新制度主义必然不能真正剖析制度的产生和演化,舍弃权力结构的博弈均衡所构设的社会制度。     

劳资关系的涵义：三种不同的经济学解读

本文通过对新古典经济学、新制度经济学、马克思主义经济学三种不同的分析范式下劳资关系涵义的比较分析，认为前二者要么把劳资关系抽象地看成一种经济技术关系，要么把劳资关系表面地看成一种平等的契约关系，只有马克思运用历史唯物主义的分析方法，将劳资关系纳入资本主义生产关系的分析范畴，看到了劳动契约关系平等表象背后的经济实质。     

关于农业合作社本质的经济学解释

随着全球化的迅猛发展,农业合作社的经典原则发生动摇,合作社的传统组织结构和运作模式方面也作了显著变革。要把握合作社未来的发展方向,就要理解合作社的产生必然性及本质特征,从新古典经济学和新制度经济学的角度对这两个方面给出了解释。     

当代新凯恩斯主义货币经济学的新发展

将垄断竞争和名义刚性假设引入MIU模型,新凯恩斯主义者建立了与AS-IS-LM模型简单线性形式相一致的一般动态均衡模型,实现了基于微观最优行为的动态一般均衡货币理论模型与适用于货币政策分析的线性宏观经济模型的统一,政策分析的重点转向政策目标和工具规则的统一.但是,在政策目标选择,通货膨胀的动态性和政策工具规则设定方面仍未达成共识.     

Coase on the nature of economics

Recent writings on Coase's methodology largely focus on method,at the risk of underappreciating his substantive view of economics.That economics has as its subject matter the working of thereal world economic system is Coase's main methodological messageand is also the key to understanding Coase's other methodologicalconcerns. Coase's methodological position is illustrated inthis paper by comparing him with other economists in terms oftheir differing research programmes informed by their methodologicalstances. Along the way, this paper outlines the new institutionaleconomics, a research programme inspired by Coase's methodology.     

The Microfoundations of Austrian Economics through a New Classical Theoretical Lens

This paper is an attempt to contribute to the microfoundations debate by discussing the distinctive methodological characteristics of the Austrian school, and how they relate to different conceptions of equilibrium and general equilibrium models. Further, we shall focus on one specific branch of the Austrian school (those who see markets as exhibiting equilibrating tendencies) and one specific branch of neoclassical economics (the New Classical School) to highlight some hitherto overlooked points of tangency. Indeed, we shall use the monetary theories of Hayek and Lucas to argue that the limitations of New Classical models may lead to Austrian solutions.     

A critique of the new comparative economics

We examine the “new comparative economics” as proposed by Djankov et al. (2003) and their use of the concept of an institutional possibilities frontier. While we agree with their general argument that one must consider a variety of institutions and their respective social costs, including legal systems and cultural characteristics, when comparing the performance of different economic systems, we find various complications and difficulties with the framework they propose. We propose that a broader study of clusters of institutions and such newly emerging forms as the new traditional economy may be better suited as ways to approach the study of comparative economics in the era after the breakdown of the old comparison of market capitalism and command socialism that came to an end with the breakup of the Soviet Union.

新制度主义经济学与城市经营

近年来“经营城市”运作模式在我国取得一定成效的同时,也出现了一些偏差或负面效应。本文以新制度主义经济学为出发点,分析城市的本质是一种制度,因此,提出用“经营-管治”一体化制度安排来确保“经营城市”的健康发展。     

On science and reform: the parable of the new economics, 1960s–1970s

The article considers Paul Samuelson, Robert Solow, James Tobin, Walter Heller, and Arthur Okun qua political economists. The focus is on their combination of a faith in economic science and a passionate public spirit. The article aims to substantiate two related arguments. The first is that these “new economists” were public intellectuals, regularly addressing public opinion, and engaging with the major economic and social issues of the times; the second is that their value judgements gained the upper hand over scientific discourse when they were confronted with the 1970s inflation.     

新结构经济学为经济发展开出正确药方了吗？——一个主体分析和过程视角的考察

经济持续发展历来是各个国家追求的主要目标之一,其中围绕政府干预以及如何消除这一外生变量成为经济增长和发展理论的焦点。认为不应再执著于政府是否应当发挥作用,而应沿着另一个方向,即政府在经济发展过程发挥何种作用,以及如何发挥作用进行探索。新结构经济学即是在此思路下,从比较优势和产业结构变迁的微观角度提供了一种经济动态发展的分析框架,并为政府干预制订了增长甄别和因势利导的可操作性步骤。但从主体分析和过程视角出发,新结构经济学仍然面临将政府变量内生化的困境。     

On Closed Systems and the Language of Economic Discourse

This article addresses a few of the major points identified by Tony Lawson in his book Reality and Economics(Routledge 1997). Traditional economic models are profoundly closed, emanating from reasoning processes that are both deductivist and positivist by nature. Here, individuals are prescribed to behave according to mechanical, socially abstracted fashions that, in fact, belie any semblance of real human choice. Moreover, as Lawson observes, relationality in these models is strictly external, in that the natures of individuals are not affected by their participation in market activity. Under these conditions, models can be easily constructed by which markets yield unique equilibrium outcomes, whereby the constancy of the conjunctions of events yield law-like economic assertions.

Instead, Lawson embraces a critical realist perspective that posits human behavior to be both structured and internallyrelational, i.e., where interactions with others can affect the very natures of those individuals. As such, human relations can be temporally situated in the context of structured social contracts, while still embodying the organic elements from which those agents and structures can be reproduced and transformed.

From these principles, this essay explores some recent work in Keynesian and Post Keynesian thought. In addition, this critical realist framework considers some developments in New Keynesian Economics and Endogenous Growth Theory.     

新制度经济学的新发展与政治学新制度主义:比较与启示

新制度经济学和政治学新制度主义在发展中都因为缺乏现实性、历史性和社会性而受到批评.面对相似的问题,经济学领域兴起了以青木和格雷夫为代表的比较制度分析,政治学领域兴起了历史制度主义和社会学制度主义.本文从制度观、制度对行为的影响、制度的变迁、过去的制度对现在制度的影响、文化观念和意识形态在制度形成和发展中的作用等方面,对比较制度分析和历史制度主义、社会学制度主义进行了比较,就未来制度研究的发展趋势提出了看法.     

关于建立《会计经济学》的探讨

在现实生活中，经济学在各方面的运用，也扩张到在会计工作之中，从而为建立《会计经济学》创造了有利的条件，并提出了客观的要求。同时，建立《会计经济学》也是可能的。应依据经济理论，结合会计特点创新与借鉴，建立《会计经济学》；建立《会计经济学》是一个过程，需要在会计实践中逐步探索与发展。