离子色谱法测定碘化物的不确定度评定

本文依据《中华人民共和国国家计量技术规范》JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》对离子色谱仪测量加标水样中的碘化物的不确定度进行分析,如实反映测量的置信度和准确性。通过建立评估的数学模型,分析不确定度的主要来源,计算出不确定度的各主要分量,得出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果表明:影响结果不确定的主要因素是曲线拟合过程带来的不确定度,其次是仪器本身带来的不确定度,溶液的稀释对结果影响不大。该评估可为离子色谱法测定碘化物的不确定度评估提供参考。     

容量法测定锡矿石中锡含量的不确定度评定

通过对锡矿石中锡含量测定的过程分析,确定了测量结果不确定度的来源,建立测量模型,确定测量不确定度的分量由天平的称样,滴定管,标准溶液和测量重复性等组成,通过分别对各个分量的不确定度评定,得出影响锡含量的主要不确定度由滴定管产生.     

ICP-OES法测量化妆品中铅的结果不确定度评定

本文介绍了等离子体发射光谱仪测量化妆品中的铅的结果不确定度的评定发法,较全面的分析了实验过程中不确定度的来源,详细地介绍了各种来源产生的不确定度的算法,对光谱法测定结果不确定度的评定以及等离子发射光谱仪在化妆品分析领域的应用有参考作用.     

原子吸收石墨炉法测定圆白菜中铬含量结果的不确定度评定

为评定不确定度分量对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定圆白菜中铬含量的影响程度,依据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059-1999),分析了铬含量测定过程中的不确定度来源,通过建立数学模型量化不确定度分量,计算合成不确定度及扩展不确定度。结果表明,测得的圆白菜试样中的铬含量为(1.50±0.24)mg/kg(k=2),测定过程的不确定度来源主要有测量重复性、试样中的铬浓度、试剂空白液中的铬浓度、试样质量、试样定容体积等。该方法能如实反映测量的置信度和准确性,可为日常实际检验工作提供参考。     

利用质量控制和方法确认数据评定汽油中MTBE含量的测量不确定度

按照RB/T 141—2018《化学检测领域测量不确定度评定利用质量控制和方法确认数据评定不确定度》,在期间精密度测量条件下,基于质量控制结果和方法确认数据,接受测量系统正态性与独立性假设,合并期间精密度不确定度分量uR′和偏倚不确定度分量ub,给出样品水平下的合成标准不确定度uc和扩展不确定度U,为检测实验室评定汽油中MTBE含量的测量不确定度提供了一种简便方法。     

蚊香烟尘量的不确定度评定

依据GB 24330-2009《家用卫生杀虫用品安全通用技术条件》附录E对蚊香烟尘量进行测定,基于JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定及表示》对影响蚊香的烟尘量测量不确定度的各分量进行分析,并对各分量的标准不确定度进行计算和合成。通过比较各分量的标准不确定度,得出了影响蚊香的烟尘量测量不确定度的主要因素。     

钻井液用聚丙烯酰胺钾盐中钾含量测定的不确定度评定

"测量不确定度"是当前国际上表示检测结果的通用做法,如何对测量结果的不确定度进行合理的评定,是一直以来困扰检测实验室的一个难题。依据测量不确定度的评价原则,首先通过对四苯硼钠、滴定度等一系列可能产生不确定度的分量进行计算,最后合成钾含量测定的不确定度。对钻井液用聚丙烯酰胺钾盐中钾含量测定的不确定度进行了评定,对钻井液化学剂的准确检测具有借鉴意义。     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中铬的不确定度评定

以水中总铬的实例来详细介绍不确定度评定的过程。根据《水和废水监测分析方法》（第四版增补版）中火焰原子吸收法测定水中总铬的方法,建立不确定度的数学模型,找出可能引入不确定度的分量,对每一个分量进行分析与计算,算出扩展不确定度。通过对不确定度的计算分析,可知标准曲线引入的不确定度分量、重复性测量样品引入的不确定度分量和消解过程中引入的不确定度分量为主要影响测量结果,因此,提高方法的灵敏度、准确度与减少消解过程损失等关键步骤是提高数据可靠性的主要途径。     

油田化学剂有机氯含量不确定度评定

本文通过分析氧燃烧微库仑法测定油田化学剂有机氯含量实验过程,对有机氯含量测定结果的不确定度进行了评定。不确定度主要来源:样品称量、燃烧定容及样品有机氯含量测定产生的不确定度。分析和量化各不确定度分量,测量的重复性及样品进样体积引起的不确定度贡献最大。     

百菌清、溴氰菊酯含量测量结果不确定度的评定

对液液萃取-气相色谱法测定水中百菌清、溴氰菊酯的不确定度进行评估,在测定过程中,对标准曲线、样品取样量、定容体积、测量重复性等影响不确定度的分量进行分析,按《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059-1999)的规定进行合成,最终给出扩展不确定度,为气相色谱法测量水中百菌清、溴氰菊酯的实验室质量控制和不确定度评定提供参考依据。     

Relationship and quality management in the Chinese pork supply chain

This article attempts to integrate transactional and relational governance perspectives to investigate interfirm exchange relationships and quality management in the pork supply chain in China. Data from 229 pork processors from eastern China were used for analysis. Path analysis results reveal positive relationships between the degree of asset specificity and uncertainty and the degree of vertical coordination and between the degree of vertical coordination and quality management practices. However, insignificant positive relationships were found between asset specificity and relational governance in the upstream chain and between uncertainty and relational governance in the downstream chain. A discussion of the results and of the implications of the findings is provided.     

Product Technology Transfer in the Upstream Supply Chain

This article addresses the transfer of new product technologies from outside the firm for integration into a new product system as part of a product development effort. Product technology transfer is a key activity in the complex process of new product development and is the fundamental link in the technology supply chain. Product technology transfer too often is dealt with in an ad‐hoc fashion. Purposeful management of the product technology transfer process leads to more effective transfers in terms of timeliness, cost, functional performance, and competence building. Better management of product technology transfer gives firms access to a greater variety of new technology options, improves a firm's ability to offer significantly differentiated products, deepens the firm's competitive competencies, and positively influences sustained product development success. The central objective of this article is to gain insight into product technology transfer so that companies can manage this process more successfully and so that researchers can investigate this critical activity further. This article describes the technology supply chain as a unique form of a supply chain that poses a set of managerial challenges and requirements distinguishing it from the more traditional component supply chain. Because a single product technology transfer project is the fundamental piece in the technology supply chain, understanding this piece well is key to leveraging the extended technology supply chain and to improving overall product development performance. This article integrates literatures on new product development, supply chain management, and technology management and builds on organizational theory to present a conceptual model of determinants of product technology transfer success. The core proposition is that product technology transfer effectiveness is greatest when companies carefully match (or “fit”) the type of technology to be transferred (the “technology uncertainty”) with the type of relationship between the technology supplier and recipient (the “interorganizational interaction”). A quite detailed framework characterizing technology uncertainty along the dimensions of technology novelty, complexity, and tacitness is presented to help in assessing the challenges associated with transferring a particular product technology. This article also considers detailed elements characterizing the interorganizational interactions between the technology source and recipient firms. This helps firms consider the appropriate means to facilitate the interfirm process of technology transfer. Overall, this article provides practical insight into characterizing technologies and into improving the product technology transfer process. This article also provides a strong theoretical foundation to aid future research on product technology transfer in the technology supply chain.     

Staff localization and environmental uncertainty on firm performance in China

This paper examined the form of the localization–performance relationship as moderated by environmental uncertainty. We postulated that the positive impact of staff localization on firm performance only continues to a certain point. Beyond this point, the costs of a high degree of staff localization outweigh the benefits. The negative effect of an increase in localization beyond an optimal point is expected to be stronger under the condition of high environmental uncertainty. Both the curvilinear relationship and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty are confirmed through the survey results of 111 MNC subsidiaries operating in China. The result suggests that MNCs should pay particular attention to balance their deployment of local staff and expatriates in their international expansion.     

The latecomer strategy for global ICT standardization: Indigenous innovation and its dilemma

This article reviews China׳s changing standardization strategies amidst the standards competitions that take place both domestically in China and globally. The relevant policies in China now support indigenous innovation, particularly in the information and communication technologies (ICT) industry by using standards, encourage domestic firms to patent their standard-related technologies, and promote innovation-oriented inter-firm alliances. The three cases examined illustrate the challenges that the Chinese government faces in implementing the policies. Most of all, while the government has actively promoted indigenous innovation as a latecomer strategy for global standardization, there are possibilities of clash with the international norms for free competition and economic liberalization which China is supposed to comply with. There are also oppositions from those domestic firms that mainly export products compliant with the international standards set by advanced countries, and from local authorities that support those firms. The demands for international compliance are often strengthened by multinationals importing products compliant with the international standards. These clashes and oppositions give a dilemma to the policy makers who want to push the standardization strategy based on indigenous innovation.     

原油交接计量站优化设计及生产运行探讨

根据国际上计量站设计的通用规则．结合多年的现场应用经验．针对油田在原油外销计量站设计一中存在的问题．从计量的角度．阐述设计原油外销计量站应遵循的规范和需注意问题为确保原油计量的准确．阐述原油计量站在生产运行中．所要采取的一些生产运行控制措施。     

Subcontracting,Posted Migrants and Labour Market Segmentation in Finland

Using evidence from the shipbuilding and construction industries in Finland, this article shows how trade union responses to the introduction of migrant workers can be conditioned by product markets. Growing numbers of ‘posted workers’, or intra‐European Union work migrants employed via transnational subcontractors, are segmenting the labour market, by competing with domestically domiciled workers whose employment is more tightly regulated. In Finland, the construction worker's union has had a far more assertive and successful approach to enforcing wage norms than the union in shipbuilding. This appears to be related to the greater exposure of shipbuilding to international product market competition.     

Interorganizational Imitation and Acquisitions of High‐tech Ventures

Research summary: This article shows that there is a positive association between the changes in the number of prior acquisitions or the changes in the prominence of prior acquirers within the focal venture's subfield and the venture's likelihood to be acquired. Results are in line with the existence of frequency‐ and trait‐based imitation in acquisitions targeting tech ventures. More importantly, these positive associations are more pronounced when (a) exogenous technological uncertainty within the venture's subfield increases and (b) there are significant differences between the focal venture's and acquirer's technological resources. Our findings are in accord with the suggestion that uncertainty in the technology domain is an important boundary condition in moderating the extent of imitation in technology acquisitions. We also discuss alternative explanations and implications. Managerial summary: The findings of this article suggest that when deciding whether or not to acquire a technology venture (i.e., startup company in a high‐tech industry), managers infer information by observing other acquisitions in the venture's subfield to make assessments about the underlying value of the potential targets. We also find that receiving some informational cues from previous acquisitions would be more useful when there is high technological uncertainty in the potential target's subfield about which technologies will be dominant, and when the potential acquirer and the tech venture operate in dissimilar technological areas. This article shows that imitation can be one way to deal with decision‐making under uncertainty when making acquisition decisions in high‐tech environments. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Achieving success in technology alliances: The Rover-Honda strategic collaboration

Dynamic changes within global markets are creating a need for different strategies for firms in the pursuit of competitive advantage. International technology alliances are one mode of organising the acquisition of competitive technologies which is especially important in technology-intensive industries. However, managers have an especially difficult challenge when trying to deal with problems of high technical risk, frequent changes in technologies, different cultural and managerial styles and perspectives. This article addresses these issues as it examines the planning and implementation of the international technology alliance between Rover and Honda, during the past fourteen years. By most criteria used, this alliance was highly successful, and the article discusses not only the areas of successful technical impact which the alliance had on these companies, but also the insights learned by Rover from the management process of the alliance. It also develops a framework of issues which managers can use to implement and manage international technology alliances.     

国际标准化组织天然气技术委员会ISO／TC193第23届年会情况报告

介绍了ISO／TC193于2011年在中国南京召开的第23届年会的有关情况,对TC193组织结构、工作组构成及ISO标准发布作了简要概述,重点对ISO／TC193直属工作组、SCl“天然气分析测试”和SC3“天然气上游领域”分委会在2011年开展的天然气产品和分析测试技术国际标准化项目的发展动态进行了详细说明和研究,并提出下一步我国天然气产品和分析测试技术标准化的工作建议。