价值观问题浅议

人的价值观是关于人生的目的和意义的最高社会需要的社会意识。它要受到社会政治经济因素的制约,同时又是一定社会的政治和经济的能动的反映。它随着社会政治经济关系的变化而不断发生变化。不同制度的社会,不同的阶级,不同的人具有不同的价值观念。因此,人的价值观念不是抽象的、超阶级的,而是具体的、现实的、看得见的,是可     

新时期油气集输系统节能降耗技术相关的问题

随着社会现代化的不断推进,人们对于石油的需求量日益渐长,所以对于石油资源的开采的开发项目的规模也越来越大,石油开采的工艺也变得越来越复杂了,由于在石油的开采时石油的含水量越来越高,对此油气的集输系统的所消耗的能量也随着日益增长,所以提高对油气集输系统的节能技术的开发显得比较的重要,在油气集输系统中节能技术开发中,主要要解决提高集输系统的输送效率,对集输系统结构进行合理的优化升级以及对综合性的能量消耗减小等等能源消耗的巨大的问题。对于降低能量的消耗消耗技术的开发首先要对现阶段所存在的油气集输系统的能源消耗的分析,以及对于对集输系统的各个环节的工艺参数进行合理的优化从而达到降低能源消耗的目的。     

浅析基层采油中心站设备管理

石油企业所有的单位之中,负责是有开采的基层采油中心是最基础的,没有这一个生产环节,后续的工作就无法正常的开展。对于基层采油中心来说,最重要的就是设备的支持。设备是采油的工具,它就是采油中心的心脏,而人则充当的是采油中心的大脑,大脑对采油中心之内的所有的工作进行统一的管理跟控制,基层采油中心站一项重要的工作就是对设备的管理,才能够及时发现设备存在的问题,确保设备的正常的运行,采油中心站的设备的运行是非常的重要的,一旦设备不能够正常的运转,所造成的损失是巨大的。本文将系统的阐述基层采油中心站应该如何才能够做好对采油设备的管理,对这一个问题作出详细的阐述。     

和优秀的人在一起

一个人的身份高低,是由他周围的朋友决定的。 和优秀的人在一起真的很重要,跟什么样的人就成为什么样的人！普通人的圈子,谈论的是闲事,赚的是工资,想的是明天。生意人的圈子,谈论的是项目,赚的是利润,想的是下一年。事业人的圈子,谈论的是机会,赚的是财富,想到的是未来和保障。     

租客时代的双赢生活

Snally是一间外企的职员,现在她住的别墅,租的;摆放的鲜花,租的;用的家具,租的;陪逛街的,租的;坐的车,租的;甚至去年过节带回家的男友也是租的。现在都市象她这样的人,花钱租生活,但租起来很快乐!     

浅议加强党员队伍先进性建设的有效途径

<正>党的先进性建设是加强和改进党的建设的根本任务和永恒课题。党的先进性是历史的、具体的,既是一以贯之的,又是与时俱进的,是随着形势和任务的变化而不断丰富和发展的。党员是党的细胞,党的执政是通过各级党组织和全体党员干部的活动与作用来实现的,党员的先进性是党的先进性的重要体现。因此,国有企业党组织必须积极探索和实践加强党员队伍先进性建设的有效途径。     

培训的形式决定效果

无论是什么样的教育，最难的是形式问题，为什么是形式问题呢？这主要是与人的接受能力有关，不同年龄的人是不一样的，不同学历的人群是不一样的，当然不同的行业也是不一样的。比如：同样是教育，对于儿童的教育与大学生的教育就是非常不同的，教育的内容可能有高低，但是对于教育的形式来说，幼儿教育的形式比大学的教育形式要复杂的多。     

化工建设项目工程造价管理与控制

随着我国经济建设的迅猛发展,我国的综合国力已经得到了稳定的提升,我们也有以前的弱小国家发展为一大强国,所以为了加强我经济的发展进程,扩大我国的经济市场,使得我国在发展的道路上更加的顺利,我们必须要建立健全完善的经济建设的项目工程造价的全面管理与控制,只有这样才能保证我们的项目建设为我们的各个市场带来较大的经济效益,才可以使我们国家具有雄厚的经济实力进行更多的项目建设,不断的扩大市场的经济模式,获得更大的利益。     

适当的企业规模

任何成长的物体,其表面积的增加与直径(一维尺度)的平方成正比,而其体积的增加则与其直径的立方成正比。这一几何学的基本定理对管理有着极端的重要性。 受限的规模 企业的规模跟结构和战略密切相关。不同的规模要求不同的结构、不同的政策、不同的战略和不同的行为。不同的企业各有其适当的规模和不适当的规模。这意味着,组织的规模有一定的限度,超过了这个限度,其生产率就会下降,并最     

煤炭企业粉尘控制现状之我见

煤炭企业的粉尘主要就是指在煤矿的生产的过程中所产生的细微煤尘以及岩尘的总称,它对人的身体有着严重的危害,最严重的就是引起尘肺病。因此,我国颁发了相关的法令和条例来控制这些粉尘的排放,并且在防治粉尘危害这方面取得了很好的效果。但是,粉尘的危害仍然存在,威胁着职工的健康,主要原因包括企业的管理体制的健全,在防治粉尘的工作体制不到位,资金的投入过少,以及对职工的关于粉尘危害的教育不到位。为保障职工的安全,生产工作的顺利展开,粉尘及其产生的危害必须得到有效的防治,主要就是加强在企业管理、技术、教育上的投入。     

Irrigation,agricultural performance and poverty reduction in China

The overall goal of our paper is to understand the impact that irrigation in China has had on grain production and incomes, in general, and income and poverty alleviation in poor areas, in particular. The paper seeks to meet three objectives. First, we describe the relationship among irrigation status, yields and household crop revenue. Second, we seek to understand the magnitude and nature of the effect that irrigation has on yields and crop revenue. Finally, we seek to understand the impact that irrigation has on incomes in poor areas. Our analysis shows that irrigation contributes to increases in yields for almost all crops and in income for farmers in all areas. The importance of crop income in poor areas and the strong relationship between crop revenue and irrigation provides evidence of the importance of irrigation in past and future poverty alleviation in China. We also show that in the majority of the villages that invested in new irrigation, returns are positive even after accounting for increases in capital and production costs.     

Emerging models of public–private interplay for European broadband access: Evidence from the Netherlands and Italy

The paper examines the role and function of public–private interplay in the development of municipal initiatives in the broadband sector. The analysis of initiatives in the Netherlands and Italy shows how the interaction between public and private stakeholders can facilitate local broadband initiatives. This interaction has been vital in aligning the interests of different private and (semi-)public parties, in designing the network and in aggregating sufficient demand for broadband services. The comparative analysis examines the steps involved in these initiatives and the strengths and weaknesses of joint public–private activities. The paper shows that the challenge for cooperating stakeholders has been to foster further investment in the upgrading of the network and in the provision of advanced broadband services.     

Dependency of organic farms on direct payments in selected EU member states: Today and tomorrow

This paper examines the development of the role of government support in the financial situation of organic farms in selected Western and Eastern European countries, contrasting dependency on direct payments with that of conventional farms and assessing the impact of foreseeable changes in the political and economic environment. The results show that direct payments play an important role in the financial viability of organic farms in both Western and Eastern European countries. The level of specific support for organic farming is put into perspective, as other support payments and market returns contribute larger shares to total farm revenue in all the countries analysed. Modelling analyses show that support payments will continue to play an important role in the profitability of organic farms in Western Europe after implementation of the 2003 reform of Common Agricultural Policy in the EU. For organic farmers in Eastern European countries, the importance of support payments increases strongly with EU accession, as first pillar payments are introduced and environmental payments are expanded significantly.     

Women’s empowerment and gender equity in agriculture: A different perspective from Southeast Asia

Women’s empowerment is considered a ‘prerequisite’ to achieving global food security. Gender systems, however, are diverse and complex. The nature and extent of gender inequity and the conditions necessary to empower women vary across countries, communities and regions. The study of different gender systems is thus fundamental to capture cross-cultural variations in gender specific needs and constraints to effectively address gender gaps. Although the status of women in agriculture has received extensive attention in the literature in recent decades, a research gap persists regarding the state of gender inequity in Southeast Asian agriculture. The current paper contributes to the geographical scope of the literature by presenting empirical evidence of gender inequity from four Southeast Asian countries: Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. Using the framework recommended by the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), 37 focus group discussions were conducted with 290 women farmers in the above mentioned countries. The results reveal trends that contradict the conventional narratives of gender inequity in agriculture in certain domains of empowerment. In all four countries, women appear to have equal access to productive resources such as land and inputs, and greater control over household income than men. Important intra-regional heterogeneity is observed in terms of community-level empowerment. While women play an active role in agricultural groups in Thailand and in the Philippines, this is predominantly men’s territory in Indonesia and Myanmar. These findings imply that country-specific gender intervention frameworks are necessary to overcome gender gaps in agriculture.     

参加ISO/TC 67第21届年会报告

介绍了ISO／TC67第21届年会组织概况及会议重要决议，对TC67石油工业国际标准化的发展进步，标准制定数量和速度，各成员国采标方法和经验，以及相关国际组织工作动态等作了集中评述，在对比分析的基础上就ISO／TC67中国国内归口管理，石油工业标准化（SY）工作与国际接轨，标准化与电子化，管材标准与国际组织同期审议等提出了建议。     

Interaction behaviors in business relationships and heuristics: Issues for management and research agenda

Various empirical studies have evidenced that interaction is a critical process in the development of buyer–seller relationships in business-to-business markets. Research examining the different aspects of interaction processes and the consequences of interaction in business relationships for the development of the businesses involved has tended to black-box the interaction process. Limited attention has been given to how interaction behaviors of individuals arise and the interplay between cognition and behaviors in interaction. At the same time, recent research offers some insights into the use and role of heuristics in contexts analogous to those individual actors face when they interact in business relationships. In this paper we review current research on interaction processes in business relationships as well as on heuristics in the management context and argue that focusing on heuristics used in interaction in business relationships offers valuable insights on how interaction behaviors emerge. In particular, we discuss the notion of heuristics as an “adaptive toolbox,” and how it relates to adaptations in business relationships. We also discuss implications for management and outline a future research agenda.     

Inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo

The liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Togo aimed at ensuring access to a better quality of telecommunication services at affordable prices to everyone. While the liberalization policy has increased competition in the sector and reduced significantly telecommunication services prices charged to costumers, statistics on the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo reveal disparities with respect to individuals' socio-economic characteristics which could be an indication of the existence of inequalities of opportunities in the access and use of these services.This paper investigates the inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo using a parametric approach. The results of estimations indicate that, inequalities of opportunities are larger for men and the elderly than respectively women and youths and are more pronounced in urban areas and regions such as the Plateaux and Savanna regions. Moreover, the circumstance variables such as the ‘place of residence’ and the ‘region’ are the key variables in explaining the inequalities of opportunities in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo. So, policies toward reducing inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo should be designed with regards to men, the elderly, and people living in urban areas and regions such as the Plateaux and Savanna regions.     

Pesticide residues and trade,the apple of discord?

In this paper we study the impact of the regulations on Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) of pesticides on the trade of apples and pears and related processed products with the aim of understanding how their similarity (or dissimilarity) affect trade. Most studies investigate the impact of sanitary regulations introducing directly in the analysis the MRL put in force in the importing country. They introduce in the analysis the level of the regulation in the importing country without taking into account the rule in force in the exporting country. Rather than focusing on a particular pesticide we take into account the entire list of substances set out by the various regulations. We then build a similarity index and introduce it into a gravity equation to assess the impact of the differences in MRL of pesticides on trade. Results suggest that the differences between regulations matter and may, in some case, hinder trade.     

An econometric approach for evaluating the linkages between broadband and knowledge intensive firms

In addition to highlighting improvements in the availability and speed of broadband as a national priority, the National Broadband Plan also includes several recommendations for improving access and use of broadband by small businesses. The plan also recommends economic development officials include broadband in their local development strategies. While these are certainly import goals, more research is needed to evaluate how broadband impacts the regional business environment, and regional capacity to retain and attract businesses in particular industries. In order to further our understanding about the linkages between broadband and businesses, and the ability of places to retain and attract businesses in particular industries, this study will develop and estimate econometric models to better understand the linkages between broadband and firms in the knowledge intensive sector. Specifically, 54 metropolitan area specific models will be developed to examine regional variations in the linkages between broadband and firms in the knowledge intensive sector in 2004. Model results highlight the importance of broadband to knowledge firms in all but five metropolitan areas across the U.S. They also reveal variations in the impact of broadband on knowledge firm presence related to metropolitan area size and industrial legacy.     

The need to change pedagogies in science and technology subjects: a European perspective

This paper evolves out of a consultancy that was carried out with the European Commission over a two year period between 2001 and 2003. A working group, set within the European Commission and comprising representatives from 15 member states, as well as associated and accession countries, stakeholders and social partners involved in maths, science and technology education, was formed. Its remit was to identify good practice in maths, science and technology education across Europe and to make recommendations for policy makers in the area. One important theme which emerged during the analysis of good practice was the need to develop the type of pedagogies which would encourage the active involvement of pupils in authentic and meaningful learning experiences within these subject domains. A series of questions relating specifically to this area was therefore incorporated into the second phase of the investigation and sent out to all participating countries. Qualitative analysis of these questionnaires was carried out. Using the results of these analyses, along with information from discussions, this paper considers the situation in Europe in respect of the introduction of what are essentially social constructivist pedagogies in the field of technology and science education. It explores some of the attempts which have been made to implement such pedagogies and more importantly the barriers to their introduction which have been identified in most countries across Europe. A consideration of research literature in the field is then used to promote the argument that teacher beliefs or theories are a crucial factor in preventing change. The role of these theories in presenting barriers to change are discussed and the implications for both policy makers and for initial teacher education are analysed.