ASTM公布生物柴油新规格

ASTM国际委员会公布生物柴油新规格,公布的4项标准用于保证生物柴油质量。 新的和修订的ASTM生物柴油标准如下： ASTM D975-08a,为柴油燃料油规格：为陆上和非陆上柴油使用,修订项包括用于高达5％生物柴油的要求。     

美国修订玩具安全标准ASTM F963

现有ASTM F963—08多个条款正在修订中，等待由玩具工业制造商、进口商、消费者、第三方测试实验室和CPSC（顾问地位）组成的ASTM工作委员会的最终决议和投票。经由CPSIA法规，ASTM F963的任何修订需通过CPSC评估，CPSC将在90天内表决是否存在反对意见。     

ASTM和联邦政府合作推动制订地下水标准

近数十年来!数百个联邦一级和非联邦一级的收集水文数据的机构日益感到,为了在开发、保持和调节国家水资源的数量和质量方面作出决策,有必要取得统一规格的、高质量的水文数据。对于地下水定量分析数据方面,更有必要如此。为此就需要制订高质量的标准,使所采集到的地下水数据在所     

ASTM4130堆焊A302耐腐蚀层工艺研究

调质态ASTM4130具有优秀的综合力学性能,被广泛使用于各个行业。因其碳含量高、合金元素多,造成焊接性差。通过理论分析与试验结合的方法,确认了一套在其表面堆焊A302的工艺,以应对密封槽处腐蚀的难题。     

中国石化石科院制定我国首个石油ASTM标准

日前,由石油化工科学研究院主持制定的"轻质石油馏分中烃族组成和苯含量的测定—气相色谱法"由美国测试和材料协会正式颁布。这是我国在石油及石油产品领域制定的首个ASTM标准。     

氯乙烷法合成N,N-二乙基-3-乙酰氨基苯胺

文章介绍以氯乙烷为原料来代替溴乙烷生产分散紫93的中间体N,N-二乙基-3-乙酰氨基苯胺。通过一系列工艺实验得出:用内衬锆压力釜为反应设备,以氯乙烷代替溴乙烷,与间氨基乙酰苯胺的摩尔比2∶1,反应温度60～65℃,正压反应最高压力不超过1.0MPa,反应时间12～15h,能够制备出达到原来工艺要求的中间体。     

1-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]-5-巯基-1H-四氮唑的制备

介绍了一种1-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]-5-巯基-1H-四氮唑(DMMT)的合成方法。2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙胺与二硫化碳反应,制得取代的2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙胺基二硫代羧酸;2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙胺基二硫代羧酸与氯甲酸乙酯反应,得到2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙胺基二硫代羧酸与乙氧基甲酸的二硫代酸酐;二硫代酸酐再经三乙胺碱解,制得2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基异硫氰酸酯;2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基异硫氰酸酯与叠氮化钠反应,制得目标产物1-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]-5-巯基-1H-四氮唑(DMMT)。产物以N,N-二甲基氨基乙胺计,收率为48.0%。采用该法,能够方便地制得1-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]-5-巯基-1H-四氮唑,产物收率高,反应条件温和,操作过程简便,三废少,环境污染小。     

A review of: “APPLIED ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR TECHNOLOGISTS,ENGINEERS, AND MANAGERS ” BY MICHAEL S. BOWMAN Prentice-Hall,Inc., Upper Saddle River,New Jersey, 1999, xii + 561 pp., ISBN: 0-13-375932-6, List: $76.75.

In their recent paper Tang and Tang (2003 Tang, S. L. and Tang, H. J. 2003. The variable financial indicator IRR and the constant economic indicator NPV.. The Engineering Economist, Vol. 48(No. 1): pp. 69–78. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar], pp. 69–78) revive a longstanding controversy—net present value (NPV) versus internal rate of return (IRR)—by characterizing the NPV as an economic indicator and the IRR as a financial one. The paper implies that this distinction justifies ranking financial alternatives by ranking their IRRs. In the current article, it is argued that the direct IRR ranking does not necessarily provide the same evaluation environment—and therefore a fair comparison—for each alternative involved, and that the incremental ranking approach is needed to remedy this shortcoming. The article also points out that Tang and Tang's numerical examples of simple projects with one sign change in their cash flow patterns do not address the problem of multiple IRRs, which consequently renders Tang and Tang's ranking approach dysfunctional. It is demonstrated that the concept of a true rate of return, substituting for the non-performing IRR and applied in conjunction with the incremental approach, provides an adequate tool for ranking mutually exclusive projects or a project's technical or financial alternatives.     

Table 1.FDI flows,by region and selected countries,1994-2005

(Billions of dollars and per cent) FDI inflows FDI outflows Region/country 1994-1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1994-1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (Annual average) (Annual average) Developed economies 373.9 1133.7 599.3 441.2 358.5 396.1 542.3 486.6 1,097.5 684.8 485.1 514.8 686.3 646.2 Europe 220.4 721.6 393.1 314.2 274.1 217.7 433.6 326.5 871.4 474.0 281.7 317.0 368.0 618.8 European Union 210.3 696.1 382.0 307.1 253.7 213.7 421.9 304.2 813.1 435.4 265.8 286.1 334.9 554.8 Japan 3.…     

A Review of: “MODELING THE SUPPLY CHAIN” BY JEREMY R SHAPIRO Duxbury Press,Pacific Grove,California, 2001, xv + 586 pp. ISBN 0-534-37363-1. List: $71.95.

In this paper, we measure economic profit in an inflationary environment. Inflation adjusted economic profit requires two principal alterations to Economic Value Added (EVA[rgrave]). First, because inflation increases the replacement cost of non-current assets above book value, one must make a downward adjustment to EVA[rgrave] to correctly measure economic profit. Second, we add a term to EVA[rgrave] to represent a manager's ability to increase product price as costs increase. This adjustment is positive because this ability adds value to a firm. When a firm's assets are largely current, the first adjustment is not necessary, and therefore, the second dominates. In this case, EVA[rgrave] underestimates economic profit. Economic profit remains positive when a firm's rate of return on invested capital, after tax and after depreciation, is less than the weighted average cost of capital by as much as the rate of inflation. Even when inflation is modest, unadjusted EVA[rgrave] has the potential to seriously misrepresent the operating performance of a firm.     

优化MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)1-丁烯工艺,提高1-丁烯产品收率

反应系统中醇烯比例和温度的有效控制,是影响1-丁烯产品收率的最重要的因素。在二段反应系统,甲醇量、精馏系统和排放损失的一系列的控制,是提升1-丁烯产品收率的最有效手段之一。本文就如何优化MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)1-丁烯工艺,提高1-丁烯产品收率进行分析和研究,提出了优化开工和停工方案中的生产工艺的措施。