Production Efficiency of Construction Industry in West China Based on DEA

利用DEA方法对2010年西部12省区市的建筑业生产效率进行了详细分析.结果显示,重庆、四川、陕西等7省区市建筑业DEA有效,而贵州、甘肃、青海、宁夏均处于规模递增阶段,云南和青海两省则存在较大的投入冗余和产出不足.进一步分析青海省的生产效率增长情况,发现其增长速度起伏较大,且增长仅来自于技术进步,未能实现规模经济.云南和青海两省应从结构调整、技术改造及资产优化配置和有效利用等方面实现技术效率和规模效率的提高,最终提升建筑业的整体生产效率.     

基于DEA的钢铁行业上市公司效率评价

DEA模型是评价同类部门和单位间相对有效的有用模型,在讨论C2R模型和C2GS2模型这两种常见的DEA模型基础上,对钢铁行业上市公司效率进行测度,并根据测度的结果分析上市公司规模效率、技术进步、生产率等指标以及它们的内在联系,客观地评价了钢铁行业上市公司的效率,并对如何提高这些公司的效率提出了一些应对措施.     

建设项目风险效率的评价

文章提出了对建设项目风险效率进行分析与评价的方法。解释了风险效率的概念,并基于风险投入和风险效应两个维度详细阐述了建设项目风险效率的内涵。结合风险管理的全过程以及风险效率的两个维度,分析了建设项目风险效率的形成机理,并对风险投入和风险效应的内容和量化思路做了进一步的分析。通过对管理学及经济学中效率评价的一般方法的分析,提出了对建设项目风险效率进行评价的方法,以期能基于风险效率提供更好的建设项目风险管理。     

股票投资价值分析的DEA方法

本文应用DEA方法的新的发展和成果，建立了全面反映上市公司股票投资价值的指标体系，选用体现投资者“偏好”的C^2WH模型，通过实证分析DEA效率指数、投影与松驰数据以及股票市价、流通股比例对样本公司DEA有效性的影响，得到股票相对投资价值，评价上市公司是否为技术有效和规模有效，并指出提高上市公司经营效率和股票投资价值的途径.     

基于Malmquist方法的我国区域R&D投入效率比较研究

以1999~2008年中国31个地区的数据为基础,运用Malmquist生产率指数方法,对全国各地区R&D投入的效率进行了比较,分析了各地区的技术进步、技术效率和规模效率的变动情况。研究结果表明:我国部分地区的研发投入效率出现下滑,引起效率降低的主要原因是技术衰退。同时以河北省为例进行了进一步的分析。指出未来我国应该重点加强研发活动中的技术进步,并同时注意提高管理效率。     

基于面板数据的我国煤炭企业经济效率分析

能源效率评价在低碳经济模式中具有重要的地位，如何提高能源使用效率具有极其重要的意义。数据包络分析是一种重要的效率评价方法，在效率评价方面具有独特的优势。文章选取我国23家煤炭上市公司作为样本，探讨了如何应用煤炭企业的面板数据来评价企业的效率，并分析了我国主要煤炭上市公司2000-2008年的企业效率状况。分析结果表明：我国煤炭上市公司尽管在2004-2007年间效率有所下降，但企业发展态势整体趋好，部分煤炭企业经营效率没有达到DEA有效的主要原因在于资产和人员的产出不足。     

建筑业可持续发展评价方法研究

从可持续发展水平、可持续发展效率、可持续发展潜力、资源消耗和环境效益5个方面设计了建筑业可持续发展指标体系,有别于以往单纯考虑发展程度的评价模型.引入系统协调性的理念,构建了基于主成分分析与回归分析相结合的建筑业可持续发展评价模型,并针对辽宁省建筑业相关数据进行了实证分析.结果表明,辽宁省建筑业可持续发展并不是总处在协调发展轨迹上.     

基于DEA的林业财政效率评价

林业资金效率评价是提高林业资金使用效率的迫切需要,也是实现林业跨越式发展的迫切要求。本文通过分析国内外林业财政状况,并运用数据包络分析法对2000～2010年林业财政效率进行整体评价。研究结果表明,全国大多数年份林业财政效率均为DEA有效,其总体效率、规模效率、纯技术效率较高,其中有5个年份的林业财政投入产出相对效率达到了最佳,比例高达50%。但个别年份林业财政的投入产出效率相对较低。基于此,文章提出进一步提高林业财政资金效率的政策建议。     

基于DEA方法的商业银行效率评估研究

商业银行在一国金融体系中占据着重要位置,商业银行的效率对商业银行作用的发挥具有重要影响.本文首先分析了商业银行效率的概念,从技术效率与规模效率两个方面给出了定义.进而分析了评估商业银行效率的模型--DEA方法,给出了模型的评价过程.结合我国商业银行的实际情况,提出了评价商业银行效率的投入和产出指标,对某省10家商业银行的效率进行了评估.最后分别对国有商业银行和股份制商业银行的发展给出了对策建议.     

技术效率测算前沿分析方法的比较研究

技术效率的测算在经济与管理领域中具有重要的意义.本文从投入和产出角度分析了技术效率含义及其度量,对技术效率测度前沿分析方法中的非参数方法和参数方法,在效率前沿形状、随机误差的处理和随机误差分布等方面进行了综合比较,指出了现有方法的不足,并从研究思路方面提出了技术效率测度前沿分析方法在中国的研究发展方向.     

Market Structure and Hospital Efficiency: Evaluating Potential Effects of Deregulation in a National Health Service

In this article we examine the potential effect of market structure on hospital technical efficiency as a measure of performance controlled by ownership and regulation. This study is relevant to provide an evaluation of the potential effects of recommended and initiated deregulation policies in order to promote market reforms in the context of a European National Health Service. Our goal was reached through three main empirical stages. Firstly, using patient origin data from hospitals in the region of Catalonia in 1990, we estimated geographic hospital markets through the Elzinga–Hogarty approach, based on patient flows. Then we measured the market level of concentration using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. Secondly, technical and scale efficiency scores for each hospital was obtained specifying a Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the data nearly two-thirds of the hospitals operate under the production frontier with an average efficiency score of 0.841. Finally, the determinants of the efficiency scores were investigated using a censored regression model. Special attention was paid to test the hypothesis that there is an efficiency improvement in more competitive markets. The results suggest that the number of competitors in the market contributes positively to technical efficiency and there is some evidence that the differences in efficiency scores are attributed to several environmental factors such as ownership, market structure and regulation effects.     

Privatization and production efficiency in Taiwan's telecommunications industry

Many managers, economists, and policy-makers have long believed that the production of a private enterprise is more efficient than that of a public one. This paper investigated whether it was good policy to privatize Taiwan's telecommunications industry by comparing the changes in efficiency in Chunghwa Telecom Company (CHT Co.) before and after privatization. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to evaluate their operational performance both pre- and post-privatization. The technical efficiency (CRS) computed with the CCR model assuming constant returns to scale, the technical efficiency (VRS), and the scale efficiency (VRS) were obtained with the BCC model assuming variable returns to scale, using the time-series data from CHT. The findings of this study show that the production efficiencies of CHT, both pre- and post-privatization are inefficient since all of the technical efficiencies are smaller than one.     

The evolution of hog production and potential sources for future growth in China

Following reforms to the market, China’s hog industry has developed rapidly, however, with social and economic transitions, China’s hog industry is facing challenges which might restrict long-term growth in production. This paper analyzes the changes in regional scale, organization, input factors, and technological progress for China’s hog production over the last few decades. The paper seeks to reveal the sources of hog production growth and provide some suggestions for future development of the hog industry. To achieve these aims, the paper uses stochastic frontier production functions and the Malmquist index to measure total factor productivity (TFP) in the hog industry and decompose TFP into technical efficiency; technological progress; scale efficiency; and allocative efficiency using data for 25 provinces from 1980 to 2008. The results show firstly that; the TFP of hog production increased by 64.3% from 1980 to 2008, and allocative efficiency and scale efficiency improvements played a key role in this TFP growth. In contrast, technical efficiency and technical progress have changed little over this period. Secondly, TFP’s contribution to output was 39.7%, it being less than that of factor inputs to output. Thirdly, the results suggest that the growth of China’s pork production depends mostly on the increase in the quantity of factor inputs, especially feed. As a consequence, the key to ensuring long-term and stable development of China’s hog production would seem to involve focusing on enhancing total factor productivity and changing the pattern of production growth.     

Profit efficiency among Bangladeshi rice farmers

Production inefficiency is usually analyzed by its three components—technical, allocative, and scale efficiency. In this study, we provide a direct measure of production efficiency of the Bangladeshi rice farmers using a stochastic profit frontier and inefficiency effects model. The data, which are for 1996, include seven conventional inputs and several other background factors affecting production of modern or high yielding varieties (HYVs) of rice spread across 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. The results show that there are high levels of inefficiency in modern rice cultivation. The mean level of profit efficiency is 77% suggesting that an estimated 23% of the profit is lost due to a combination of technical, allocative and scale inefficiency in modern rice production. The efficiency differences are explained largely by infrastructure, soil fertility, experience, extension services, tenancy and share of non-agricultural income.     

我国东部沿海地区装备制造业生产效率研究——基于三阶段DEA模型

装备制造业是一国制造能力和经济实力的综合体现，我国东部沿海地区装备制造业生产效率的提升，事关我国制造大国向制造强国转变。本文运用三阶段DEA模型，对东部沿海地区装备制造业生产效率进行了实证研究，通过比较分析以揭示其区域效率变化特点，结果表明：我国东部沿海地区装备制造业生产效率保持在较高的水平，但在剥离环境因素和随机因素影响后，东部沿海地区装备制造业生产效率发生显著性变化；社会投入水平、政府支持力度、对外开放水平和居民消费水平对装备制造业投入有显著影响；东部沿海地区区域内纯技术效率差异较小，规模效率差异较大；规模效率较低是制约我国东部沿海装备制造业生产效率提高的瓶颈。提出坚持以“创新驱动、质量为先、绿色发展、结构优化、人才为本”为核心的对策建议。     

MEASURING THE IMPACT OF PRICE CAPS ON PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Incentive regulation is now an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the United States. The issue explored here is whether incentive regulation has resulted in an increase in productive efficiency. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, the methodology for measuring the effects of incentive regulation on productive efficiency is reviewed. This methodology is data envelopment analysis and allows for the measurement of both scale efficiency and technical efficiency of individual local exchange carriers. The results indicate that most local exchange carriers (LEC) were technically efficient over the 1988–1998 period. Four LECs, however, consistently demonstrate scale inefficiency. Finally, in the aggregate, there is no identifiable improvement in aggregate LECs' technical efficiency between 1988 and 1998.     

中国工业企业产品创新效率的综合评价与分析

本文采用DEA-SBM方法对我国工业企业产品创新效率进行了测评。研究表明,由于纯技术效率水平低下,目前我国各省市工业企业产品创新效率普遍较低。总体而言,东部地区工业企业产品创新呈现规模收益递减趋势,产品创新投入相对过剩;西部地区呈现规模收益递增趋势。技术效率和规模效应的区域差异并不明显,纯技术效率在不同地区间的差异显著。研究结论为我国区域工业企业产品创新提供政策启示。     

Farm locations and dwelling clusters: Do they make production and technical efficiency spatially contagious?

In the last decades, local rice supplies in the Philippines have fallen short of local demand. As a result, the Philippines has become a net importer of rice. Reacting to this situation, the Philippine government introduced the Food Staples Sufficiency Program (FSSP) in 2012 with the belief that the Philippines can attain rice self-sufficiency. As physical farm expansion yields only 20% of the necessary increase in production, the remaining 80% must come from increased productivity. This study uses a sample of rice production areas in Central Luzon as representative of rice production in the Philippines. Stochastic production frontier analysis revealed that the average technical efficiency of farms in Central Luzon ranges between 0.76 and 0.92 in the wet and dry seasons. Increasing farm productivity can help attain the FSSP production target by potentially increasing yield per hectare. A combination of spatial econometrics with geostatistical tools demonstrated the presence of spatial dependence in yield and farm performance. Results show significant clustering of best and worst performing farms, specifically in Tarlac City. To increase farm technical efficiency and help attain food production targets at national and even global levels, policy interventions should consider focusing on geographically prioritized areas for technical efficiency improvement.     

Technical efficiency of alternative farming systems: the case of Greek organic and conventional olive-growing farms

Olive-growing is a major farming activity in Greek agriculture. This paper analyzes empirically the technical efficiency of organic and conventional olive-growing farms using a stochastic production frontier methodology and a translog functional specification. Findings indicate that the organic olive-growing farms examined exhibit a higher degree of technical efficiency (relative to their production frontier) than do conventional olive-growing farms. Reasons may include lower profit margins and restrictions on inputs permitted, thus forcing organic farmers to be more cautious with input use. However, both input- and output-oriented technical efficiency scores are still relatively low for both types of olive-farming. Thus there is considerable scope for cost reducing and farm income improvement in both farming modes. This could prove crucial for the long-run viability and the future course of the sector.