供应链物流网络设施选址方法及GIS应用研究

本文首先论述了供应链环境下物流网络设施选址的理论与现实意义,在介绍重心模型原理基础上,以吉林省某乳业集团物流网络设施选址为实例进行了验证应用,并且提出了基于GIS技术的物流设施选址方法及注意事项.该方法对供应链管理环境下的物流网络设施选址问题具有重要的参考价值.     

考虑拆解补贴分配的闭环供应链物流服务偏好研究

本文在物流外包和物流自营两类不同物流模式下， 构建了政府同时补贴制造商和拆解企业的闭环供应链模型， 运用博弈论方法， 对两类模型进行比较分析， 研究发现： （1） 补贴分配系数仅仅影响回收转移价格大小， 并不会对供应链节点企业利润造成影响； （2） 无论是正向供应链还是逆向供应链， 当物流服务成本较小时， 制造商、销售商和拆解企业均偏好于选择物流外包； 当物流服务成本进一步增加时， 制造商偏好于选择物流外包， 销售商和拆解企业偏好于选择物流自营； 当物流成本较大时， 制造商、销售商和拆解企业均倾向于选择物流自营； （3） 闭环供应链系统中， 物流服务成本相对较小时， 物流外包模式下的系统利润高于物流自营模式； 物流服务成本较大时， 物流外包模式下的系统利润低于物流自营模式， 物流服务成本的大小决定企业物流决策。因此企业可以通过物流服务成本的大小制定相应的物流策略， 以维持供应链的长期稳定性。最后通过数值算例对结论进行验证。     

优胜劣汰还是合作共赢： 物流服务供应链契约选择研究

文章研究物流服务集成商与服务提供商之间的契约选择问题。 综合考虑了物流服务供应链中存在的多代理人与双向道德风险问题， 以及相关研究中多忽视的代理人之间竞争效应对其产出的影响。 运用委托———代理理论， 构建了更加契合物流服务供应链环境的收益共享契约和锦标赛契约的契约模型， 基于优胜劣汰与合作共赢的视角， 对比分析了二者在物流服务供应链中的激励效果， 并以实际企业的数据进行了契约效果的检验。 研究表明， 在物流服务供应链中， 锦标赛契约比收益共享契约效果更优： 在激励方面， 更能提高参与人的努力程度； 在收益方面， 实现了参与人收益的帕累托改进。     

基于免疫算法的煤炭生产物流仓储中心选址研究

对煤矿生产物流系统的概念、分类进行界定,研究了煤矿物流路线长和物流节点多的特点。针对其特点,基于矿井的分布现状对煤炭仓储中心的选址进行研究,建立了考虑仓储中心的建设成本和煤炭的运输成本,以总成本最小为目标函数的选址模型,然后采用免疫算法实现了对仓储中心选址模型的快速求解。     

两级产品供应链与两级物流服务供应链利益协调研究

围绕产品供应链与物流服务供应链之间的紧密关系， 本文构建了两级产品供应链与两级物流服务供应链协调的概念模型， 研究了分散决策与集中决策下各决策主体的最优决策及系统的总利润。研究表明： 集中决策下的总利润、零售价格以及物流服务水平均随零售价格敏感系数的增大而减小、随物流服务水平敏感系数的增大而增大； 与分散决策相比， 集中决策下系统的总利润、物流服务水平以及产品销售量均较高； 紧接着， 本文设计了两级产品供应链与两级物流服务供应链协调的利益分配机制， 实现了整体利润的合理分配和帕累托改进； 最后， 通过数值分析验证了利益协调机制的有效性和模型的分析结果。     

闭环供应链中逆向物流供应商选择模型研究

环境压力的增加及资源约束促使了闭环供应链的诞生,而逆向物流供应商在闭环供应缝中处于重要的地位.本文在已有研究成果系统回顾的基础上,结合闭环供应链中核心企业与逆向物流供应商合作关系的特点,经过理论推导与统计检验,提出了基于DEA数据处理的AHP选择模型,实现对逆向物流供应商的优选,并结合案例进行了实证分析.     

复杂供应链网络结构模型研究

供应链的形态对其性能有着重要影响,由于商业环境以及信息技术、通讯技术的变化,单链形和单一核心企业供应链网络结构模型已经不能很好地描述和解释当前供应链的形态.本文首先描述了复杂供应链网络结构的四个特点,从节点、节点间"流"、节点关系、以及节点所处环境四个方面阐述了复杂供应链网络结构的构成,首次系统地提出了供应链节点之间存在的八种"流",并建立了复杂供应链网络的结构模型.文章在最后分析了本文的不足,并给出了进一步研究的方向.     

基于Web Service的第四方物流信息平台架构模型研究

随着物流企业向信息化、集成化和专业化转变,建立第四方物流信息平台能够集成服务供应商所拥有的各类资源、能力和技术,实现在整个供应链管理上最佳物流方案的制定.通过分析4PL的业务流程及web Service的技术优势,提出了基于web Service的第四方物流信息平台的体系结构和框架,并详细分析了web Service技术在第四方物流信息平台中的应用.     

基于价值增值的复杂供应链网络动态合作联盟研究

考虑到基于供应链的竞争环境下,供应链能否生存并长期成功运作取决于该供应链中的成员经过合作后能否为最终顾客提供令其满意的价值,论文对复杂供应链网络中单供应链网络间存在的基于价值增值的动态合作联盟博弈问题进行了分析,在此基础上分析了复杂供应链网络中基于价值增值的单供应链网络之间动态合作联盟的形成条件,并对联盟利益分配进行了进一步思考.     

企业供应链管理的影响因素分析

企业供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)是用系统的观点通过对供应链中的物流、信息流和资金流进行设计、规划、控制与优化，以寻求建立供、产、销企业以及客户间的战略合作伙伴关系，最大程度地减少内耗与浪费，实现供应链整体效率最优化并保证供应链节点中的成员取得相应的绩效和利益，来满足顾客需求的整个管理过程。它覆盖了从供应商到制造商到客户的全部过程，其主要内容包括外购、制造分销、库存管理、运输、仓储、客户服务等。     

An integrated production–distribution model for the dynamic location and allocation problem with safety stock optimization

The design and management of a multi-stage production–distribution system is one of the most critical problems in logistics and in facility management. Companies need to be able to evaluate and design different configurations for their logistic networks as quickly as possible. This means coordinating the entire supply chain effectively in order to minimize costs and simultaneously optimize facilities location, the allocation of customer demand to production/distribution centers, the inbound and outbound transportation activities, the product flows between production and/or warehousing facilities, the reverse logistics activities, etc.Full optimization of supply chain is achieved by integrating strategic, tactical, and operational decision-making in terms of the design, management, and control of activities. The cost-based and mixed-integer programming model presented in this study has been developed to support management in making the following decisions: the number of facilities (e.g. warehousing systems, distribution centers), the choice of their locations and the assignment of customer demand to them, and also incorporate tactical decisions regarding inventory control, production rates, and service-level determination in a stochastic environment. This paper presents an original model for the dynamic location–allocation problem with control of customer service level and safety stock optimization. An experimental analysis identifies the most critical factors affecting the logistics cost, and to finish, an industrial application is illustrated demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach.     

Outsourcing reverse logistics of high-tech manufacturing firms by using a systematic decision-making approach: TFT-LCD sector in Taiwan

Reverse logistics are increasingly crucial for the supply chain strategy of global high-tech manufacturing firms. As reverse logistics operations are significantly more complex than traditional manufacturing supply chains, many high-tech manufacturers are examining the feasibility of outsourcing reverse logistics activities to third party logistics providers (3PLs) from a strategic planning perspective. Internal resources and capabilities are thus examined from a resource-based perspective to identify which reverse logistics service requirements could be fulfilled in-house or outsourced. Therefore, this work presents a systematic approach using the analytical network process (ANP) not only to investigate the relative importance of reverse logistics service requirements, but also to select an appropriate 3PL. Empirical results based on the case of the TFT-LCD sector in Taiwan indicate that information technology management is of priority concern in reverse logistics services. In addition to providing a valuable reference for manufacturers concerned with service requirements for outsourcing, results of this study significantly contribute to the efforts of 3PLs in evaluating whether they comply with potential customer requirements based on their service capabilities.     

Assessing the relational benefits of logistics services perceived by manufacturers in supply chain

The growing importance of logistics activities that span the boundaries of supply chain firms has put an emphasis on supply chain relationship management. Based on the existing marketing concept on relational benefits and the supply chain management literature on consumer satisfaction, this research evaluates logistics service performance from the eyes of manufacturers. Using data collected from US manufacturing firms, the study has identified the factors that influence manufacturer's satisfaction, as well as the key to understanding the benefits-satisfaction-loyalty triads in supply chain relationships. The contribution of the paper includes developing a conceptual model, adding new theoretical insights into benefits-satisfaction-loyalty triad that has been applied by manufacturers and LSPs, and providing some meaningful perspective on how to strategically assess the use of logistics providers so as to transform a logistics firm from a tactical service provider to a hand-in-glove strategic partner.     

Evaluation of 4PL operating models: A decision making approach based on 2-additive Choquet integral

By being a supply chain integrator who can assemble and manage the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization with those of complementary service providers, fourth party logistics (4PL) providers deliver comprehensive supply chain solutions and form an important option for business outsourcing. The adequate design of the partnership between companies in this type of outsourcing activities is essential. In order to support the effective usage of 4PL services, this paper proposes an analytical multiple criteria decision making approach to evaluate 4PL operating models. While decision criteria and their hierarchy were identified, it is observed that there exist interactions, e.g. simultaneous satisfaction of two or criteria is sometimes required. This situation can not be handled with traditional multi-criteria decision making methods which assume criteria independence. 2-additive Choquet integral is appropriate to model criteria interactions by pairs and is used in this study. The proposed framework is applied for a logistics company willing to expand its operations. Finally, an application is provided to demonstrate the potential of the methodology for 4PL operating model selection.     

组织学习与连锁物流能力的关系研究

文章在回顾国内外有关文献的基础上,针对我国连锁物流的现状及存在的问题,提出了连锁物流能力、物流学习能力和组织学习的概念及构成要素、组织学习和连锁物流能力的作用关系概念模型,为连锁物流能力及物流服务质量的提升指明了方向,同时也为进一步在中国的实证研究奠定了基础。     

Efficient location of industrial activity cells in a global supply chain

Inefficient locations for production, distribution and reverse logistics plants will result in excess costs no matter how well material requirements planning (MRP), inventory control, distribution and information sharing decisions are optimized. In this paper we study ways in which aspect of activity cell location decisions can be analyzed within an extended MRP model. This model has previously been extended by including distribution and reverse logistics components in a compact form, presented in Grubbström et al. (2007). Our aim is to demonstrate the basic differences between an approach to location problems with MRP “under the same roof” as the global supply chain, in which transportation time delays and direct transportation costs have substantial influence. We discuss possibilities of how to present location aspects in the supply chain model obtained from combining input–output analysis and Laplace transforms in four sub-systems, namely manufacturing, distribution, consumption and reverse logistics, and show how the transportation costs and lead time influenced by the location of all these activities affect the resulting net present value (NPV). Our aim is to build a model supporting decisions concerning the structure of a supply chain as an alternative to a mixed integer programming formulation. The model developed is based on the use of continuous functions describing spatial distributions of cost and customer demand. Continuous functions are embedded in the MRP extension previously introduced in Grubbström et al. (2007).Location decisions influence (i) production costs, because timing influences the cost of activities involved in creating a product, cf. (Grubbström and Bogataj, submitted for publication), and (ii) logistics costs, which refer to the procurement and physical transmission of materials through the supply chain. In this current paper we wish to combine both of these aspects into a comprehensive model, where we show the interaction between the “space of flows” and the “space of places” as Giovanni Arrighi distinguishes one from the other in his book The Long Twentieth Century.     

Lean Launch: Managing Product Introduction Risk Through Response-Based Logistics

New product launch research has identified four strategic issues that involve activities essential to introduce a new product to its target market. The sum of these decisions is critical to new product success. Substantial research has focused on decisions guiding the proper product, price, and promotion mix to favorably impact market goals. Considerably less research has centered on determining how place capabilities such as logistics and supply chain relationships impact launch performance. Logistics and supply chain collaboration—the processes involved in planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements—can greatly reduce risk associated with new product launch. They combine to provide a structure to facilitate rapid response to developing demand by location and intensity. In this article, an effort is made to fill the gap in extant knowledge regarding new product launch strategies by reviewing relevant literature and comparing traditional launch strategies based on anticipatory demand forecasts with alternative lean launch strategies based on the principles of response-based logistics. The result is a lean launch model for continued empirical testing and managerial review. The article contrasts traditional logistics support of new product launch with an emerging logic called lean launch strategy. The traditional launch strategy is forecast driven and is based on anticipatory logistics (push). The lean launch strategy is formulated on principles of postponement and is based on response-based logistics (pull) and supply chain management. Response-based logistics systems provide flexibility that enables better management of inventory levels. Improved replenishment times and in-stock availability of products from a centralized inventory allows managers to rapidly react to actual demand. Lean launch enhances successful introduction by allowing greater flexibility in product variant selection while minimizing out-of-stock potential. Lean launch also can cut losses in product launch failures by reducing launch inventory exposure. Finally, lean launch can improve chances of new product success by helping limited volume technical successes achieve profitability.     

Cross-border e-commerce firms as supply chain integrators: The management of three flows

Cross-border e-commerce is becoming increasingly popular around the world. With the development of technology, competition has gradually shifted from commodity-based attributes, such as cost and quality, to a supply chain's service capacity for e-commerce. Within this context, the present paper delineates how cross-border e-commerce firms can generate supply chain service capabilities that yield improvements in supply chain relationship quality to e-tailors and other platform users. Insights are derived through data collected via a multiple case study approach based on four Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises (OSell, Zongteng, BizArk and Linca); data were collected from 41 semi-structured interviews, field visits and secondary data. Relying on the service-dominant logic as the theoretical foundation, we identify three supply chain resources (flows related to information, logistics and finance) and their interplay as being critical for the development of supply chain service capabilities, which in turn lead to an improvement in the quality of supply chain relationships (assessed by the dimensions of trust improvement/commitment, risk mitigation, and customer satisfaction). The results offer important insights into how to best manage supply chain resources in relation to the three flows by cross-border e-commerce firms in order to foster relationship quality, an attribute that has become so critical today for competitive differentiation.     

Global market segmentation for logistics services

While logistics services have become a significant source of competitive differentiation between firms, significant challenges exist relative to developing logistics service offerings for global business customers. Diverse regulations across borders, longer lead times, and increased transportation costs all add to the difficulty of managing logistics services internationally. As a service offering, logistics is often characterized by intensive customer contact, extensive customization requirements, and a reliance on extrinsic cues for service performance. Because of these qualities, logistics services are also subject to cultural influences that exist in cross-border trade. In this article, we argue that logistics service quality (LSQ) components can be used to identify global, horizontal, and vertical segments of logistics services customers, and that cultural and organizational characteristics may modify the LSQ-customer satisfaction relationship. By identifying specific customer segments, some which may transcend national borders, logistics managers can benefit from reduced costs, enhanced revenue, and the ability to differentiate their offering from the highly competitive marketplace.     

Factors influencing shippers to use multiple country consolidation services in international distribution centers

Multiple country consolidation (MCC) combines cargos from different countries into same destinations by implementing logistics services including assembling, simple processes, packing, and labeling to increase cargos’ added value. Facing such an opportunity in global supply chain, international distribution centers (IDCs) need to examine internal resources and their external environment to create more competitive advantages. From the shippers’ perspective, this study uses structural equation modeling to examine the causal effect relationship of key factors affecting the use of MCC provided in IDCs. Results show logistics cost advantage, logistics operation efficiency, and logistics information technology service could positively influence the shippers to use MCC provided in IDCs. Several managerial implications were included and could be useful for the decision makers of IDCs and the government.