设计就是金钱——记上海傲旗童车设计有限公司

从OEM到ODM,再从ODM到0BM,08年底的金融危机,促发了玩具行业的大洗盘,但仔细回味,实则促进了玩具行业的大发展。“中国制造”已经慢慢融入了ODM．怎样发展OBM才是玩具行业的王道。从玩具设计的角度去理解玩具行业的变化,自然清晰很多。     

Design, innovation and corporate integration

Functional integration is a new trend in corporate organization. By changing the balance between functional differentiation and integration, functional integration gives up some supposed economies of scale and benefits from division of labour in order to increase the degree of interaction and task-sharing between diverse functions. The aim is to achieve faster response to threats and opportunities in the persistent turbulent business environment of today. The exact location of the new functional boundaries and inter dependencies differs from industry to industry; in some cases external integration, say with customers or suppliers, may be justifiable. Advantage can be taken from new forms of organization such as flatter hierarchies, the building of interfunctional teams, and the adoption of new design and manufacturing control technologies.
The paper gives examples of functional integration and discusses implications and problems generated by its adoption. Some of the implications may eventually induce radical rethinks on a whole range of presuppositions about corporate structure, relationships between the firm and its suppliers and customers, the role of management, industrial relations and the socio-cultural impact of increasing reliance on automated information systems.     

Doing Design Thinking: Conceptual Review,Synthesis, and Research Agenda

Design thinking has attracted considerable interest from practitioners and academics alike, as it offers a novel approach to innovation and problem‐solving. However, there appear to be substantial differences between promoters and critics about its essential attributes, applicability, and outcomes. To shed light on current knowledge and conceptualizations of design thinking we undertook a multiphase study. First, a systematic review of the design thinking literature enabled us to identify 10 principal attributes and 8 tools and methods. To validate and refine our findings, we then employed a card sorting exercise with professional designers. Finally, we undertook a cluster analysis to reveal structural patterns within the design thinking literature. Our research makes three principal contributions to design and innovation management theory and practice. First, in rigorously deriving 10 attributes and 8 essential tools and methods that support them from a broad and multidisciplinary assortment of articles, we bring much needed clarity and validity to a construct plagued by polysemy and thus threatened by “construct collapse.” Second, aided by the identification of perspectives of scholars writing about design thinking, we provide detailed recommendations for relevant topics warranting further study in order to advance theoretical understanding of design thinking and test its applications. Third, we identify the enduring, yet essential, questions that remain unresolved across the extant design thinking literature and that may impede its practical implementation. We also provide suggestions for the theoretic frames, which may help address them, and thus advance the ability of scholars and managers alike to benefit from design thinking’s apparent advantages.     

浅论服装设计中设计 欲望 物三者的关系

设计作为一种造物活动,不仅满足欲望,而且创造欲望。设计一方面显示人生存的欲望,另一方面显现为创造的欲望。设计之所以可能,是因为人生存有欲望。服装设计作为设计的一个门类,同样也由欲望产生,进而创造欲望。     

Creative Thinking, Values and Design and Technology Education

The development of Design and Technology curricula has always been premised on the importance of the act of designing and of the value of the contingent activity of creative thinking. Despite this, there has been a great deal of uncertainty about methods for developing creative thinking abilities in design and technology students. However, the results of research from cognitive psychology, engineering and invention suggest some promising strategies for application in design and technology classes. Moreover, these strategies are emerging during a time when issues concerning ethics and values are also being raised. This paper presents a brief summary of the research into problem-solving and design. It then explores a range of creative thinking strategies, and of their possible applications in design, and goes on to argue that the strategies and settings that promote creative thinking in design and technology make the area not only one that is suitable for addressing ethics and values, but that it may be one of the major reasons for including design and technology programs in school curricula.     

Inflation Risk, Payment Tilt, and the Design of Partially Indexed Affordable Mortgages

This paper integrates two fundamentally important parameters into a theory of optimal mortgage design: the proportion of inflation risk borne by the lender / investor and the borrower and the amortization-graduation schedule for loan repayments. Equations are derived for a family of innovative mortgages, termed hybrid PLAMs, which offer advantages to borrowers and lenders over either the standard fixed rate mortgage (FRM) or the price level adjusted mortgage (PLAM). The superiority of the hybrid PLAMs lies in their ability to simultaneously and independently accommodate differing degrees of inflation-risk sharing and payment affordability. Inflation-risk sharing is represented by an indexation parameter set over a continuum of values such that the FRM has zero index variability and the PLAM has unit index variability. Similarly, payment tilt is represented by a tilt parameter such that the FRM has zero tilt and the PLAM has unit tilt. We demonstrate that these two parameters are independent and can each be continuously varied in a two-dimensional family of self-amortizing mortgages. A specific hybrid PLAM can be designed to partition inflation risk in any proportion between the borrower and the lender and to simultaneously prescribe any level of payment tilt between the extremes of the FRM and PLAM. The behavior of representative hybrid PLAMs is simulated and compared to FRMs and PLAMs for three different inflation scenarios, one of which uses actual market data from the period of 1960–1990.     

组织设计：战略选择、组织结构和制度

探讨了组织设计的理论难点问题。文章作者总结了战略选择、组织结构和制度化等多个视角的理论观点,认为战略选择、组织结构和制度都是组织设计中需要重点加以考虑的变量。强调处于变动的、互动中的组织战略与结构之间关系是组织的常态。当内外环境变量发生变化时，组织战略与结构也要随之发生变化，组织战略与组织结构必须作出相应的反应。     

Team Design Thinking,Product Innovativeness,and the Moderating Role of Problem Unfamiliarity

Team design thinking in new product development (NPD) refers to a set of design-oriented principles that can be embedded in the everyday routines of NPD teams. We theorize that team design thinking enables NPD teams to develop more innovative products––products that are useful and novel––by reducing the routine and cognition-based inertia that constrains the team’s innovativeness. Through a study of 247 NPD projects, we investigate the relationships between team design thinking, product utility, and product novelty. Further, we also explore whether the team’s unfamiliarity with product contexts influences these relationships. Findings show that team design thinking is positively associated with useful products in both familiar and unfamiliar contexts, but that team design thinking is associated with product novelty only in familiar contexts. Findings also suggest that team design thinking can be framed as a dynamic capability that addresses routine and cognition-based inertia by expanding the organization’s knowledge resource base, particularly in familiar contexts. A key implication of this research is that team design thinking will influence product utility in a variety of situations, but its influence on product novelty will be evident primarily in familiar contexts.     

Design,Meanings, and Radical Innovation: A Metamodel and a Research Agenda*

Recent studies on design management have helped us to better comprehend how companies can apply design to get closer to users and to better understand their needs; this is an approach usually referred to as user‐centered design. Yet analysis of design‐intensive manufacturers such as Alessi, Artemide, and other leading Italian firms shows that their innovation process hardly starts from a close observation of user needs and requirements. Rather, they follow a different strategy called design‐driven innovation in this paper. This strategy aims at radically change the emotional and symbolic content of products (i.e., their meanings and languages) through a deep understanding of broader changes in society, culture, and technology. Rather than being pulled by user requirements, design‐driven innovation is pushed by a firm's vision about possible new product meanings and languages that could diffuse in society. Design‐driven innovation, which plays such a crucial role in the innovation strategy of design intensive firms, has still remained largely unexplored. This paper aims at providing a possible direction to fill this empty spot in innovation management literature. In particular, first it proposes a metamodel for investigating design‐driven innovation in which a manufacturer's ability to understand, anticipate, and influence emergence of new product meanings is built by relying on external interpreters (e.g., designers, firms in other industries, suppliers, schools, artists, the media) that share its same problem: to understand the evolution of sociocultural models and to propose new visions and meanings. Managing design‐driven innovation therefore implies managing the interaction with these interpreters to access, share, and internalize knowledge on product languages and to influence shifts in sociocultural models. Second, the paper proposes a possible direction to scientifically investigate the management of this networked and collective research process. In particular, it shows that the process of creating breakthrough innovations of meanings partially mirrors the process of creating breakthrough technological innovations. Studies of design‐driven innovation may therefore benefit significantly from the existing body of theories in the field of technology management. The analysis of the analogies between these two types of radical innovations (i.e., meanings and technologies) allows a research agenda to be set for exploration of design‐driven innovation, a relevant as well as underinvestigated phenomenon.     

湖南芷江七里桥电站导流设计与施工实践

本文结合工程实例论述了中小型电站导流设计和施工的全过程,从导流标准选择、围堰设计、防渗形式、施工实践效果等方面进行了阐述。该案例采用的施工工艺对解决防渗问题,节约经济成本有一定的参考价值。     

奇妙的造型 独特的魅力-谈香水包装容器造型设计

许多个世纪前，当埃及艳后克里奥佩特拉（Cleopatra）让人用香水浸泡她的船帆时，她或许万万没有想到，香水有一天会从古老的神庙走向现代的辉煌，并且从一种仅仅用来引诱异性而实现政治欲望的阴谋手段，发展成为一个堪与时装、珠宝等行业媲美的庞大工业。香水的诱惑超乎寻常，它可以渲染出各种情调：浪漫、阴柔、忧郁与振奋，透过人类嗅觉的复杂机制，以其敏锐而又丰富的感受性，让人的心灵凭空体验到自由、怀念和激情。至十八世纪初，意大利的凯瑟琳夫人与法国国王成婚，并在巴黎开设了第一家香水店，使法国人对香水情有独钟，令香水一夜…     

Exploring the Appeal of Product Design: A Grounded,Value‐Based Model of Key Design Elements and Relationships*

Product design is increasingly being recognized as an important source of sustainable competitive advantage. Until recently, the domain of design has been loosely categorized as “form and function” issues. However, as this paper will explore, product design deals with a much richer range of issues, many of which have not been considered in the marketing literature. To explore the domain and elements of design, the paper begins with two major goals: (1) to elicit the key dimensions of design and to develop an enriched language for the understanding and study of design; and (2) to integrate the design dimensions within a broader model that ties initial design goals to eventual psychological and behavioral responses from consumers. To achieve these ends, grounded theory development is used by conducting an extensive literature review, in‐depth interviews, and an interactive object elicitation technique. Drawing from this rich source of qualitative information as well as diverse literature fields, a framework is proposed for the creation of design value in consumer products. This framework not only explores the domain of design but also highlights the important elements of design that go well beyond the clichéd form and function issues. The resulting model reflects specific marketplace and organizational constraints that may help or impede the conversion of designer goals to so‐called design levers. These levers are used to convey three types of values to consumers: rational, kinesthetic, and emotional. The framework then explains how and when these different values may be perceived by the consumer. Within this framework, testable research propositions and specific directions for future design‐based research are also offered. Beyond its potential to spur marketing and new product development (NPD) management thought, the framework offered here represents a significant contribution to the field of design, which has historically been represented as a highly fragmented body of knowledge. Formalizing this framework should help overcome perhaps the largest obstacle to date to marketing‐related and NPD‐related research in this area—the lack of a detailed and consistent nomological view of the scope of design dimensions including testable linkages. Design has become an important tool that can be used by managers to develop dominant brands with lasting advantages. This research lends the NPD manager and the marketing manager better insights in into how this increasingly popular focus can be used to influence consumer behavior and firm success. “Design may be our top unexploited competitive edge.” Tom Peters, 2004 (cover review of Norman, 2004 ) “We don't have a good language to talk about [design]. In most people's vocabularies, design means veneer.… But to me, nothing could be further from the meaning of design. Design is the fundamental soul of a man‐made creation.” Steve Jobs, Apple Computers     

Technology and Design, at Key Stage 3, within the Northern Ireland curriculum: teachers’ perceptions

Technology and Design was introduced at Key Stage 3 for all pupils in Northern Ireland, as a result of the Education Reform (NI) Order in 1989. Central to the process of introducing this new and compulsory subject, the government spent in excess of ￡167M to make provision for the subject in all post-primary schools. This paper explores the perceptions of teachers of Technology and Design (known as Design and Technology in GB) in post-primary schools throughout Northern Ireland to the introduction and implementation of the subject. The methods involved a questionnaire survey to all teachers of Technology and Design throughout Northern Ireland (n = 587) and one-to-one interviews with 24. Findings suggest that teachers consider Technology and Design to be a worthwhile subject and believe that it adds much to the educational experience of the pupils involved. Nonetheless, there is general acceptance that difficulties surround the whole issue of subject definition and content delineation. As a consequence, significant demands are placed upon these teachers as they work to ensure that all pupils are given a worthwhile and valuable learning experience. These findings are discussed in terms of teachers’ perceptions of subject definition, delineation of subject content, the nature of the work involved and issues related to academic ability.     

浅谈设计管理与设计资源

设计管理是一门如何有力地应用及协调设计资源的学科。设计管理是提高服装设计工作效率和工作质量的有效途径,是服装企业管理的重要组成部分。服装企业的升级和产品竞争能力的增强,服装设计管理是重要的决定因素。