烷基糖苷的制备

烷基糖苷（APG）是近几年来国际上大力开发的，可以再生资源淀粉和油脂的加工产物葡萄糖和脂肪醇为原料制取的新型非离子表面活性剂，它降低水表面张力能力大，有丰富，细腻而稳定泡沫，去污力强，对人体无毒，无刺激性，耐碱性强，增粘效果显著，与各种表面活性剂配伍性能好，生物降解迅速彻底。其应用领域十分广泛，可作为工业用助剂或作为主活性物和助表面活性剂配制各种化妆品，洗涤剂，国外对APG的应用已作大量的研究开发，国内APG的应用研究刚刚起步，一些沿海地区企业已将APG用于餐具洗涤剂和高档香波及浴液生产中，所得产品面市后得到消费者的青睐，现介绍采用对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂，以葡萄糖和醇为原料合成APG的工艺，该工艺特别为反应时间短，产物收率高，工艺简单。     

绿色表面活性剂开发取得突破

截至2011年12月底，中国日用化学工业研究院上海发凯化工公司采用其自主知识产权技术建设的APG万吨级工业化装置，已稳定运行近百天，累计实现销售收入4000余万元。这标志着我国糖基绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷（APG）产业化取得重大突破。     

丙二醇单月桂酸酯的增稠性能

丙二醇单月桂酸酯(简称PGM)是一种亲酯性非离子型表面活性剂。通过对PGM在洗涤剂和化妆品的增稠性能研究发现,PGM在甜菜碱和硫酸酯盐表面活性剂体系的洗涤剂中有良好的增稠性能,并且其增稠性能在相同条件下要好于椰子油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺(CME)增稠剂。在甜菜碱表面活性剂体系和硫酸酯盐表面活性剂体系的洗涤剂中PGM具有良好起泡性能。在甜菜碱、AES-Na和AES-TEA表面活性剂体系的洗涤剂中PGM在低温条件下,体系稳定不会变浑浊。PGM在洁肤类、液洗类和护肤类化妆品中也有良好的增稠性能。     

国内外表面活性剂的现状与发展趋势

2012年全球表面活性剂产量1226．5万吨,需求量1130万吨。经过近几年的快速增长,亚洲已经超越欧关成为世界最大的表面活性剂市场。我国表面活性剂行业起步较晚,但发展和更新速度较快,现已经具备了相当的产业规模,2013年产量为201．6万吨,需求量196．6万吨。大宗表面活性剂的生产能力有较大的提高,可以满足国内的基本需求,但具有特殊功能的新品种仍然不足。传统表面活性剂品种在一定时期内还不可完全被替代,低成本、绿色、温和型的新型表面活性剂未来将会有更广阔的市场前景。     

正交试验法优选黄芪甲苷的提取工艺

阐述了表面活性剂对水生生物和人体健康的危害及对生态环境的污染现状,分别从分光光度法、液相色谱法和电化学方法等方面概述了近年来国内外关于表面活性剂的检测研究进展情况。     

浅谈我国表面活性剂的发展

对人体安全、对环境友好的表面活性剂(SAA)称为绿色SAA。近年来，我国以可再生的生物质资源为原料的油脂基、淀粉基SAA和可生物降解的AOS在生产和科研方面成效显著，SAA工业绿色化进程加快。     

AES修复重金属铅污染土壤的研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂AES对重金属铅污染的修复作用,探究了阴离子表面活性剂AES的浓度、pH值以及水土比对修复作用的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂AES对重金属铅污染土壤具有一定的修复作用;阴离子表面活性剂AES浓度为1.5%(质量分数)、pH值为4.0、水土比值为50︰1时对土壤重金属铅的去除率最大,但随着土壤中含铅量的升高去除率会逐渐降低。     

哪些纺织助剂不可用

欧盟是世界上研究、开发和制造纺织助剂的中心,近年他们通过大量研究,不断扩大禁用和限制使用的纺织助剂,而这些禁用和限用的纺织助剂遵循着下列一些原则:1.1生物降解性低纺织助剂的生物降解性是指其在一定条件下被微生物氧化和分解生成二氧化碳、水和无机元素,使之成为无害物质的性质。对作为纺织助剂的表面活性剂的生物降解性的研究分析大致存在下列规律:①对阴离子表面活性剂来说,其生物降解性的容易程度大致为:线性脂肪皂类表面活性剂>高级脂肪醇硫酸酯>线型醚类硫酸酯(AES)>线型烷基或烯基磺硫酸盐(SAS、AOS)>线型直链烷基磺酸盐(L…     

一种双子表面活性剂及其在油基钻井液乳化剂中的应用

本文介绍了双子表面活性剂的特点,重点介绍了一种新型双醚双苯磺酸盐双子表面活性剂为2,2-二(4-烷氧基-3-苯磺酸钠)丙烷的合成过程,并介绍了其在油基钻井液乳化剂中的复配工艺和复配效果,经现场应用,该双子表面活性剂应用于乳化剂中,可以起到较好的油包水乳化温度体系。     

表面活性剂工业现状及发展趋势

表面活性剂工业现状及发展趋势曲波，曹玮表面活性剂工业是本世纪三十年代发展起来的一门新型化学工业，是国内外化学工业中发展最迅速的专用化学品领域中知识密集性、技术开发型行业。近年来，随着石油化学工业的迅速发展，为表面活性剂的生产提供了丰富的原料，使世界表...     

Host Country’s Intellectual Property Rights and Firm’s Equity Participation

There has been an important debate on whether the degree of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in a host country affects the choice of ownership structure of a transnational firm (TNF) for its affiliate. It is argued that a TNF’s equity participation in its affiliate is used to exert control and to protect its assets. Firms with greater equity ownership can control better the extent of the technology spillover, and thus compensate for weaker IPR protection in the host country, than can firms that do not have as large an equity participation in their affiliates. Using a unique data set of a newly developed country’s (South Korea) TNFs, this paper shows that there is a negative relationship between a host country’s standards of IPR protection and a TNF’s equity participation.      

Emerging Market Firms' Internationalization: How Do Firms' Inward Activities Affect Their Outward Activities?

Research summary : In this study we examine how an emerging market firm's inward international activities (“inward activities”) are related to its outward international activities (“outward activities”) by focusing on the role of the firm's gain from its inward activities. On the one hand, drawing upon the organizational learning perspective, we propose that a firm's gain from inward activities may facilitate its outward activities through improving its resource fungibility. On the other hand, we draw upon the prospect theory to propose that a firm's gain from inward activities may hinder its outward activities by discouraging the firm's top managers from taking risks that are inherent in outward activities. With detailed data from a sample of manufacturing firms in China, we find empirical support for both lines of arguments . Managerial summary : Are emerging market firms with higher inward gain more likely to engage in outward internationalization activities? We argue that it depends upon how a firm uses its gain from inward activities. If the firm can improve its resource fungibility (particularly organizational resource fungibility) from its inward gain, it is more likely to engage in outward activities. If the firm cannot improve its resource fungiblity, the answer is no. Our findings suggest that for emerging market firms, internationalization is not just a path toward new markets; instead, it reflects how these firms exploit and explore what they have learned from their interactions with foreign firms at home in foreign markets. Therefore, managers must think more strategically on developing (organizational) resource fungibility from their inward activities . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organizing competitor analysis systems

Based on a detailed study of the competitor analysis (CA) systems in three large companies, this paper examines the assessments of the formal CA system by its members and its major users, the uses to which CA is put, and the organizational systems by which the function attempts to improve its contribution and strengthen its role.     

The European Commission's approach to mergers involving software-based platforms: Towards a better understanding of platform power

The European Commission’s digital single market policies are increasingly concerned with the impact of so-called ‘platforms’ on competition in the internal market. Whereas the European Commission acknowledges the contributions of platform companies to innovation, it also sees actual and potential damages occurring from their powerful position. As such, the European Commission aims to strengthen the enforcement of its competition law rules in this area. The main research question is how the European Commission has been evaluating the competitive effects of platforms under merger control and whether its approach is adequate to address the manifold concerns related to platforms and competition. Based on a case study analysis, we conclude that the European Commission (1) recognises the platform circumstance, their essential intermediary role in the digital industry and the importance of maintaining fair competition; (2) its analysis has been slowly evolving becoming more granular; (3) platforms’ behaviour and not their size per se is most often the central concern; (4) the proposed Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act packages tackle platform concerns identified in the European Commission’s ex-ante analysis, signalling that its analysis seems to have inspired their creation.     

腾讯显形

原本一直让人觉得"模糊"但是潜力巨大的腾讯,现在终于要通过发动一场在线广告的战役来"定江山"了。马化腾最近经常与人提起自己的"火炬手"身份。     

湖南卫视生猛扩张

跨界、跨媒体、跨区域合作可能引发全盘泡沫，但也许能创造出广电行业全新生存模式。     

Assessing R&D quality in rehabilitation technology development. The case of Roessingh Research and Development

This paper presents a framework for describing and evaluating the links between the design of the R&D function, its context and its performance. As a first step towards the development of a quality assurance system, this framework was used to assess R&D quality performance at a privatized R&D unit connected to a rehabilitation centre (Roessingh Research and Development). The results suggest that the framework is a useful instrument for managers to identify and understand the strengths and weaknesses of the R&D function, both with respect to its present, operational (quality) performance as well as its strategic flexibility, i.e. its readiness to adapt to, anticipate, or even create future (quality) performance requirements. The paper concludes with managerial implications with regard to the choice of an appropriate quality assurance system for Roessingh R&D, thus illustrating briefly how the framework can be used to apply ISO/BS quality standards (which are aimed at product development) in more fundamental R&D.     

Network management in the era of ecosystems: Systematic review and management framework

Business-to-business (B2B) and business network scholars have begun adopting an “ecosystem” approach to describe the increasing interdependence and co-evolution of contemporary business and innovation activities. Although the concept is useful in communicating these issues, the challenge is the lack of overall understanding of the added value of the approach, its particular theoretical logic, and its links to network management. This systematic review analyzes the usage of the ecosystem concept in B2B journals and its implications for network management. Common themes are distilled, the specific features of the ecosystem approach are examined, and four categories of the ecosystem approach are identified: (a) competition and evolution; (b) emergence and disruption; (c) stable business exchange; and (d) value co-creation. We also examine shifts in management opportunities and challenges related to these developments. Finally, we suggest a revised network management framework, where we address the implications of utilizing an ecosystem layer for the analysis, as well as using the ecosystem as a perspective in the management of business and innovation networks. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by providing a coherence-seeking, systematic outlook on the increasingly useful, but still nascent and ambiguously utilized ecosystem approach.     

Political and economic processes in the privatization of the Korea telecommunications industry: A case study of Korea Telecom, 1987–2003

The Korean government completed its privatization of Korea Telecom (KT) in May 2002. Privatization was undertaken at a gradual pace at first mainly because the Korean government did not want to hand over its managerial power to the privatized telecommunications service company, although it announced its plan in 1987. However, the inauguration of the World Trade Organization (WTO) system and the Korean economic crisis of 1997 forced the government to accelerate its full privatization plan. During this process, several main players such as the Korean government, transnational corporations, international organizations, and large domestic conglomerates played important roles. The full privatization of KT is the result of the political, social, and economic demands of these players.     

Flexibility and quality in logistics and relationships

This research focuses on supplier-buyer relationships in a distribution channel. It uses a contingency theory to claim that, under different environmental conditions, logistics flexibility and relationship flexibility for a focal firm (a manufacturer in this study) will have distinct effects on logistics service quality (when treated as a controllable mediator) and the firm's satisfaction in its relationship with its key downstream account. Using data from a survey of manufacturers in China, it uses structural equation modeling to test the main effects and moderated regression together with moderated path analysis to examine the contingent effects of environmental uncertainty. The results show that, as distinctive capabilities, both logistics flexibility and relationship flexibility have significant positive effects on the level of logistics service quality that the manufacturer offers, which, in turn, enhance how much it values and is satisfied with its relationship with its key account. However, the direct effect of logistics flexibility on relationship satisfaction is stronger under an uncertain environment, while the direct and total effect of relationship flexibility on relationship satisfaction is stronger under a stable environment.