中美经济发展与中国货币政策有效性

本文对美国经济与中国主要宏观经济变量之间的相关性进行了定量研究,实证分析了1993～2007年中美经济发展对中国货币政策传导机制和效果的影响。通过要素增强型向量自回归模型的实证研究发现,中美两国经济关系呈现出高度的协同性,而且这种相关程度随着中国经济开放的深化变得更加明显。中美经济交流和互动对中国货币政策传导机制和效果产生了明显影响,主要表现为美国因素强化了中国货币政策的产出效应。随着中美经济关系的发展,汇率效应在中国货币政策传导机制中的作用日益增强,而利率效应逐渐减弱。     

世界经济冲击与中国外贸波动——基于多国VAR模型的实证研究

文章使用全球向量自回归模型方法对世界主要经济体构建一个增广的VAR模型,分析了主要发达经济体宏观经济波动对中国外贸进出口产生的影响。研究发现,就单个经济体宏观变量波动的影响程度而言,美国和日本GDP波动对中国外贸进出口的影响要高于欧盟。美国金融市场变量冲击对中国外贸进出口产生了显著且复杂的影响效应。人民币汇率波动在应对外部冲击时发挥了一定作用。中国经济结构调整可能会对外贸发展产生长远影响。在以一般贸易为主的外贸结构下,外部经济波动的传导效应会更加明显。这将为未来的宏观经济调控带来更大挑战。     

中美两国经济周期波动的差异性与协同性研究

文章基于HP滤波等多种周期项分解方法,对1960～2016年中国和美国经济波动的周期特征、持续性等进行比较,运用格兰杰因果检验和交叉相关系数检验研究中美两国经济的协同关系。研究表明,中国人均GDP波动幅度超过美国,持续性(时间序列相关)短于美国;中国经济收缩深度和扩张深度超过美国;中国分类经济指标的波动性从大到小排序为进口贸易、出口贸易、企业投资、政府支出、居民消费,居民消费平滑度低于美国。中美两国经济的协同关系有不断加强态势,居民消费是中美两国协同程度最高的分类经济指标。美国经济波动是中国经济波动的格兰杰原因。基于SVAR模型的脉冲响应过程显示,双边贸易是美国经济波动影响中国经济的重要渠道; 1单位美国人均GDP正向波动在当期会对中美双边贸易总额产生1. 0041单位的正向冲击,对中国人均GDP造成0. 3635单位的正向冲击。在中国省区和美国州区,高收入地区的经济波动(波动持续时间和波动深度)低于低收入地区,收入水平与经济周期波动呈负相关关系;中国省区之间的经济协同高于美国州区;中国省际经济与美国国家层面经济之间总体上呈负相关关系,美国州际经济与中国国家层面经济之间不存在显著的相关关系。中美两国高收入地区经济的外部相关性比较低,经济独立性高于中低收入地区。     

美国经济波动对中国经济增长的影响及其传导机制研究

在开放经济条件下,一国的经济波动会通过国际贸易、国际投资等资本的跨国流动传导到别的国家。鉴于美国已经成为中国主要的贸易伙伴和FDI来源国,其经济的波动会对中国的经济产生很大的影响,因此本文运用基于VAR模型的广义脉冲响应函数法与方差分解法,在以双边贸易与投资为传导纽带,暗含汇率变化影响的基础上定量分析了美国经济波动对中国经济冲击的长期传导机制和短期动态影响特征。冲击响应分析结果表明,美国经济对中国经济的影响更大,美国经济的波动主要通过影响中国对美国出口的途径对中国经济增长造成冲击;方差分解结果显示,中国经济对美国经济的贡献更大。     

美国退出QE对中美两国金融市场的影响及中国的对策——基于FAVAR模型的分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

美国退出QE会对其自身的金融市场产生直接影响,通过国际传导机制势必也会对中国金融市场产生动态影响。根据FAVAR模型的模拟分析可知,美国退出QE之后,股市和房地产市场在短期内会受到抑制,但债券收益率的大幅上涨和美元的升值都将提高其对国际短期资本的吸引力。对于中国而言,股票市场在短期内将受到较大的负面冲击,但长期负面影响将趋于消失;房地产市场会在初期受到抑制,但不会大幅下跌;人民币汇率会上升且外汇储备会出现小幅减少,但人民币中长期贬值空间有限且双边波动加剧;货币市场和债券市场受到的冲击则不显著。因此,在短期内中国应该密切关注QE退出的影响,灵活地进行货币政策调节并加强流动性管理,在长期内中国则应该深化财税制度改革尤其是房地产税改革,加快推进汇率制度改革及外汇市场监管并在更大范围内开展货币政策的国际沟通与协调。     

美国退出QE对中美两国金融市场的影响及中国的对策——基于FAVAR模型的分析

美国退出QE会对其自身的金融市场产生直接影响,通过国际传导机制势必也会对中国金融市场产生动态影响。根据FAVAR模型的模拟分析可知,美国退出QE之后,股市和房地产市场在短期内会受到抑制,但债券收益率的大幅上涨和美元的升值都将提高其对国际短期资本的吸引力。对于中国而言,股票市场在短期内将受到较大的负面冲击,但长期负面影响将趋于消失;房地产市场会在初期受到抑制,但不会大幅下跌;人民币汇率会上升且外汇储备会出现小幅减少,但人民币中长期贬值空间有限且双边波动加剧;货币市场和债券市场受到的冲击则不显著。因此,在短期内中国应该密切关注QE退出的影响,灵活地进行货币政策调节并加强流动性管理,在长期内中国则应该深化财税制度改革尤其是房地产税改革,加快推进汇率制度改革及外汇市场监管并在更大范围内开展货币政策的国际沟通与协调。     

人民币在岸市场与香港离岸市场汇率溢出效应和联动机制研究:“8.11”汇改前后的比较

通过分析人民币在岸市场与香港离岸市场相互影响机制,并运用VAR模型和DCC-MVGARCH模型分别考察了"8.11"汇改前后CNY与CNH人民币汇率均值溢出效应和动态关联性。文章得出以下三点结论:一是汇改前CNY拥有人民币定价权;二是汇改后人民币汇率中间价报价机制发生变化,人民币定价权归属呈现阶段性特征;三是CNY与CNH之间原有的稳定联动机制受到汇率形成机制调整的冲击,两地汇率动态相关系数波动性增强。通过分析汇改后影响人民币定价权变动和两地联动机制的因素,文章建议促进在岸市场建设,巩固在岸市场人民币定价权;加强央行与市场的政策沟通,锚定市场预期,同时重视外部风险冲击,稳定两地汇率动态关联性。     

人民币在岸市场与香港离岸市场汇率溢出效应和联动机制研究:“8.11”汇改前后的比较北大核心CSSCISSCI

通过分析人民币在岸市场与香港离岸市场相互影响机制,并运用VAR模型和DCC-MVGARCH模型分别考察了"8.11"汇改前后CNY与CNH人民币汇率均值溢出效应和动态关联性。文章得出以下三点结论:一是汇改前CNY拥有人民币定价权;二是汇改后人民币汇率中间价报价机制发生变化,人民币定价权归属呈现阶段性特征;三是CNY与CNH之间原有的稳定联动机制受到汇率形成机制调整的冲击,两地汇率动态相关系数波动性增强。通过分析汇改后影响人民币定价权变动和两地联动机制的因素,文章建议促进在岸市场建设,巩固在岸市场人民币定价权;加强央行与市场的政策沟通,锚定市场预期,同时重视外部风险冲击,稳定两地汇率动态关联性。     

能源格与中国宏观经济:动态模型与校准分析价

能源价格的上涨和大幅度波动对中国宏观经济的影响日益凸显,探讨能源价格波动的传导机制,研究能源价格波动对我国宏观经济的影响具有很强的现实意义.本文首先分析中国宏观经济的一些特征事实,其次在实际经济周期模型中引入能源价格冲击,建立能源价格波动影响宏观经济的动态随机一般均衡模型,将模型参数校准到和中国经济发展的特征事实相一致,并比较模型经济和实际经济的接近程度.分析结果表明,引入能源价格冲击后,实际经济周期模型对真实经济的模拟效果相当理想.能源价格冲击的初始效应大于技术冲击;技术冲击持续的时间比能源价格冲击更长     

日本与美国证券市场的联动效应:来自次贷危机三阶段的证据

本文采用时间序列多元GARCH模型,研究日本与美国证券市场指数收益率波动之间的内生性联动效应,重点分析美国次贷危机发生后的三个主要阶段,这种联动效应的变化特征.同时提示中国证券市场可能面临的传导风险.结果显示:(1)次贷危机第一阶段,日美证券市场之间存在着明显的波动传导效应;次贷危机第二阶段,两国证券市场风险传递的正反馈机制发生了一定程度的逆转,指数收益率波动出现了此消彼长的联动关系;次贷危机第三阶段,日美两国证券市场风险传递的正反馈机制重新显现,且联动效应比第一阶段明显增强.(2)近期,两国证券市场的波动幅度明显放大,美国市场的波动风险尤为显著.(3)虽然中国证券市场目前仍处于相对封闭状态,但面临全球性金融风暴的冲击,不可能做到独善其身.     

Chinese exchange rate and price effects on G3 import prices

This paper explores the degree of price and exchange rate interdependence between China and the G3 (US, Japan and the Euro-zone) by undertaking a VAR based shock analysis. A GARCH framework is also employed to derive the conditional variances to uncover the extent of volatility transmission. We address two key issues. First as there have been concerns about low value-added cheap Chinese goods flooding G3 markets, we attempt to measure the impact of Chinese prices on G3 import prices. Second, we focus on the transmission of exchange rate shocks – a subject which we approach by examining shocks in China's bilateral exchange rate with each of these major trading partners (the US, Japan and the Euro Area). Our results indicate that reduced import prices from China are the channel through which aggregate domestic prices in the G3 remain depressed, while the impact of the RMB exchange rate with G3 currencies appears less powerful. This finding implies that the Chinese authorities’ RMB exchange rate policy is relatively unimportant and, in particular, that a revaluation of the RMB would not do much to reduce the US trade deficit. In terms of volatility spillover, the relatively flexible RMB exchange rate against the Euro results in RMB-EUR volatility having a stronger influence than the more tightly controlled RMB-USD rate on the volatility of Chinese export prices.     

Price Common Volatility or Volume Common Volatility? Evidence from Taiwan's Exchange Rate and Stock Markets

This paper investigates the common volatility structure of stock and exchange rate markets of Taiwan. The two markets are often linked together and we are interested in knowing whether price or volume is a good proxy to pursue this issue. We claim that Taiwanese government interventions distort the timing of conventional price volatility clustering in the two markets. The unrestricted trading volumes reveal more information regarding the market than price. We find that common volatility does exist in the stock and exchange markets and this fact is uncovered more easily by using trading volume than by using prices.     

Transmission of Stock Prices and Volatility from the Influential Major Markets on the Emerging Market: A Case Study of the Korean Stock Market

Abstract

This study investigates how the 1997 crisis has changed the Korean market by focusing on price and volatility spillovers from the US, Chinese, and Japanese markets. Using the exponential general autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH) model, new information on stock prices originating in the US market was transmitted to the Korean market for all periods. The price spillover effect from the Japanese market to the Korean market became stronger from the crisis period. Asymmetry in the spillover effect on market volatility was more pronounced in the Korean market after the financial crisis.     

Global commodity prices and global stock market volatility shocks: Effects across countries

We investigate the time-varying dynamics of global stock market volatility, commodity prices, domestic output and consumer prices. We find (i) stock market volatility and commodity price shocks impact each other and the economy in a gradual and endogenous adjustment process, (ii) impact of commodity price shock on global stock market volatility is significant during global financial crises, (iii) effects of global stock market volatility on the US output are amplified by endogenous commodity price responses, (iv) effects of global stock market volatility shocks on the economy are heterogeneous across nations and relatively larger in twelve developed countries, (v) four developing/small economies are more vulnerable to commodity price shocks.     

Impact of Monetary Supply on Chinese Nonferrous Metal Price Movement*

Employing both classical vector autoregressive methodology and regression models utilizing shock factors constructed with the Hodrick–Prescott filtering method, this paper empirically studies the influence of monetary factors on the price of nonferrous metals and their expectation formation in the Chinese market. Monetary factors are found to significantly positively influence Chinese nonferrous metal prices, and further empirical research reveals that a structural change occurred near August 2006. There is an expectation formation mechanism of lagged futures prices on spot metal prices, and the risk originating primarily from international market is transmitted to Chinese markets.     

Assessing the price dynamics of onshore and offshore RMB markets: An ITS model approach

This paper investigates how the price dynamics of both onshore and offshore RMB markets are affected by fundamental determinants, market liquidity, global risk aversion and policies by using daily data from August 2010 to February 2016. The interval time series (ITS) modelling is applied to study the RMB price mechanism by capturing prices of the two markets as one self-formed interval data. An interval-based Wald test is constructed to examine the differences between the coefficients and an interval-based Mallows criterion is proposed for choosing appropriate explanatory variables. We find that both the price level and the price differences of onshore and offshore RMB markets are greatly affected by economic fundamentals indicated by different returns on stock indexes and market liquidity indicated by bid-ask prices of offshore market price. In addition, it is suggested that the interest rate spread between China and the US and the global risk appetite do not significantly affect the RMB price for both onshore and offshore markets. Finally, the results imply that “811 reform” of the RMB exchange rate regime does not change the fundamental price dynamics of RMB markets, but significantly changes how economic fundamentals affect the price mechanism of RMB exchange rate.     

Rise and Fall of the First Financial Futures Market in China： The Case of Chinese Government Bond Futures

This paper studies the rise and fall of the first financial futures market in China. We compare the characteristics in the Chinese Government bond futures market with those in the US T-bond futures market. They differ in market design and structure, market governance, margin requirements, position limits, delivery process, and the way in which the settlement price is calculated. Furthermore, with a unique dataset, we show that prior to maturities of government bond futures, traders began to accumulate significant amounts of long positions for several selected contracts without the intention to offset, forcing short position holders to either purchase deliverable bonds or offset futures at highly inflated prices, causing higher market volatility and price disequilibrium in both spot and futures markets. Arbitrage opportunity arises and the market eventually collapses. The lessons learned from the suspension of the Chinese Government bond futures market offer an invaluable learning experience.     

Fundamentals and the volatility of real estate prices in China: A sequential modelling strategy

In a similar way to the stock market, the housing market in China has often been portrayed as highly speculative, giving rise to “bubble” concerns. Over the last decade, residential prices increased every year on average by double digits in Beijing or Shanghai. However many observers and researchers argue that fundamentals of the housing sector, both sector-specific and macroeconomic, may have been the driving force behind housing price volatility. While existing empirical work exclusively relies on the government housing prices which may suffer from the well-documented downward bias, this paper uses original high frequency unit price as well as transaction series for the residential resale housing markets of Beijing and Shanghai between January 2005 and December 2010 to test alternative hypotheses about housing prices volatility.We propose a sequential strategy in five steps integrating several techniques previously developed in a piecemeal and scattered way. First, we construct daily hedonic prices. Second, in order to search for the possible presence of bubbles on such high-frequency data, we propose using recently developed tests of an explosive root as an alternative to the unit root hypothesis. The third step is generated by the necessity of handling microstructure noise present at a daily frequency, thus filtering the raw data to extract a random walk component. The fourth step extracts a slowly changing monthly volatility component from the filtered daily hedonic real estate data. Finally, in so far as the presence of bubbles does not seem to characterize the residential housing market in major Chinese cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, in a fifth step we show that fundamentals are able to explain slowly changing volatility, as well as transaction volumes in these first‐tier cities.     

国际大宗商品期货价格与中国CPI的相关性实证研究

美国次债危机以来大宗初级商品价格持续大幅波动,引发了关于我国大宗初级商品价格上涨是否是导致我国通货膨胀原因的讨论。本文对铜、原油、大豆和糖具有国际代表性的大宗商品价格与我国居民消费价格指数(CPI)进行实证分析,利用协整分析、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数等计量方法研究了我国大宗初级商品价格变化对CPI的影响。     

Reinvestigating the Oil Price–Stock Market Nexus: Evidence from Chinese Industry Stock Returns

The present study investigates the influence of international oil prices on China's stock market returns across 29 different industries. The paper attempts to account for any structural breaks and nonlinearity in this relationship. The results reveal that the effect of changes in the international price of oil on stock returns differs substantially across industries. The stock returns of the coal, chemical, mining and oil industries are found to be positively affected by crude oil price movements. Conversely, electronics, food manufacturing, general equipment, pharmaceuticals, retail, rubber and vehicle industries are found to be negatively affected by movements in the price of crude oil. The results of the estimations also suggest that the majority of Chinese industries have been significantly affected by oil prices since 2004. The influence of international oil prices on Chinese stocks also has a stronger effect in the presence of high volatility but the effect varies across industries.