A New Regional Power Exchange Analytic Method

An exchange method is proposed on the exchange of the regional electric power with the maximization of the sum of exchange earnings as the objective and the exchange earnings distributed evenly. An expression for the optimal exchange price and electric power exchange volume is obtained. It is shown that under the conditions without loss, the optimal exchange satisfies the equal loss volume slight incremental rate criteria with the optimal operation of the entire power network realized. In the paper is also dealt with the influence of the network loss on the optimal exchange volume and exchange price. The method is distinct in idea, simple in application and explicit in economic content. The results of the computational example indicate its effectiveness.     

不确定性市场环境下供应链两级生产商订购决策分析

在实际生产中,大多数供应链具有两级不确定性,即原产品生产的不确定性和产成品生产的不确定性;总体再利用线性规划的相关性列出两个线性方程,以及对其加入相应的限制条件,求解出供应链中二级生产商的最优订购量和一级生产商的最优计划产量。     

Structure of the optimal income tax in the quasi-linear model

Existing numerical characterizations of the optimal income tax have been based on a limited number of model specifications. As a result, they do not reveal which properties are general. We determine the optimal tax in the quasi-linear model under weaker assumptions than have previously been used; in particular, we remove the assumption of a lower bound on the utility of zero consumption and the need to permit negative labor incomes. A Monte Carlo analysis is then conducted in which economies are selected at random and the optimal tax function constructed. The results show that in a significant proportion of economies the marginal tax rate rises at low skills and falls at high. The average tax rate is equally likely to rise or fall with skill at low skill levels, rises in the majority of cases in the centre of the skill range, and falls at high skills. These results are consistent across all the specifications we test. We then extend the analysis to show that these results also hold for Cobb-Douglas utility.     

Optimal Monetary Policy Rules and Inflation Targets: Are Australia,Canada, and New Zealand Different from the U.S.?

Outwardly, the central banks of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the U.S. follow somewhat different approaches to controlling inflation. The U.S. does not explicitly target inflation while the other countries do. Canada and New Zealand have target bands for inflation while Australia has a point target. Results in this paper nevertheless find broad similarities in the monetary policies of these countries. Each can be described as having pursued optimal inflation targeting (explicit or implicit), with heavy interest rate smoothing, but perhaps placing little weight on output variability. We argue that interest rate smoothing is used to introduce gradualism into the response of monetary policy to inflation. We show that given heavy interest rate smoothing, a concern for output variability is redundant.     

A Summary of Mineral Resource Economics Study in China

The history of theory development indicates that the study on the price theory of the mineral resources has moved from the mineral resources paid use to the property of value and pricing mineral resources. The core of the study of mineral resources management system is in fact the analysis on the system changes of the mineral resources paid use and resources marketization. We have formed a mainstream view of the system change that is based on the value, capitalization and marketization. Besides, we must use policies made by the government to eliminate market failures, improve and perfect mineral resources accounting system, make mineral resources planning, and control investment direction and finally bring about the sustainable development of mineral resources.     

知识型员工优化管理模式探析

在一个崇尚知识的信息时代,企业之间的极限竞争已经不仅取决于优质的产品和个性的服务,最重要的是依赖企业的人力资本。知识型员工作为人力资本的主要承载者,自然成为企业人力资源核心竞争力的关键。如何针对知识型员工特征进行有别于普通员工的管理,是我们探讨的关键。     

Optimal Cost of Supply Chain under Certain Flexibility

Flexible supply chain is defined and an optimization cost model is set up, considering production and distribution. By evolutionary planning, results of manufactory indicate that the optimal cost model can evaluate total cost of flexible supply chain.     

普及化背景下中国高等教育投入规模与结构的优化路径研究

高等教育投入作为高等教育发展的重要一环，影响着高等教育的规模和质量。基于2010—2020年中国高等教育经费投入的数据，通过绝对量指标和相对量指标对高等教育投入展开“纵向+横向”的规模分析，并根据教育成本分担理论对高等教育投入结构进行比较分析。在高等教育普及化发展的新时期，应在保持国家经济稳中求进的前提下加大政府投入力度，逐步提高高校经费水平；提高非财政性经费投入比例，拓宽经费来源渠道；优化高校内部管理结构，提高经费利用效率。     

Dynamic Labor Scheduling in Japan: Underemployment Reduction and Karoshi Avoidance Through Optimal Tracking Control

This study uses an optimal tracking control framework to design a dynamic labor schedule that determines the optimal balance between labor, leisure, and consumption. The analysis generates proactive policy rules through deterministic, stochastic, robust, and compromise specifications of a Linear-Quadratic tracking model. Our model allows workers to optimally transition away from karoshi overwork and away from underemployment. Our study provides guidance for labor scheduling by quantitatively addressing the conflicts between health, work-life balance (WLB), and productivity. In Japan, this approach can be utilized by discussion bases and WLB initiatives, whereas the previous regulatory proposals for karoshi relief have created adversarial relationships that have not merged firm objectives with worker motives.     

The Optimal Enforcement of a Finance-Constrained Immigration Law

We extend the Bucci and Tenorio (1996) model of illegal immigration by constructing a two-country, one-good, two-factor model, and use a Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze political issues not considered in their work. We consider the case where capital is immobile between the two countries, as well as the case in which capital is mobile. Our main result is that the host country's government can, under some circumstances, optimally enforce employer sanctions in order to maximize the host country's welfare under both capital mobility and immobility.     

单配送中心多站点的配送优化模型研究

物流企业通过配送中心向各站点配送过程中涉及多项成本因素,文章在分析运输成本、时间成本和空载成本的基础上,设定相关参数,构建了单配送中心单车配送优化模型,并进一步研究了单配送中心多车的配送优化问题。     

On Income Transfers and Equivalence Scales

This article focusses on the relations between equivalence scales and income transfers linked to household characteristics, also called demogrants. Since transfer payments have to be financed, the relation is analyzed in the framework of an optimal tax model. The – in a second-best sense – optimal demogrants and optimal marginal tax rate are characterised by their first-order conditions. Some general properties of the demogrant structure are derived and discussed. Finally, an adopted version of Stern's model for the numerical calculation of optimal taxes is used to obtain more explicit indications about how different factors affect the structure of demogrants and the marginal tax rate.     

中国工业互联网产业创新生态系统的现状、问题及优化对策

随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入推进，工业互联网已经成为世界各国政府和企业重点布局的核心领域。基于产业创新生态系统视角构建中?国工业互联网产业创新生态系统的结构模型，分析构成要素、主要特征、运行机制，探讨存在的问题和优化路径。研究结果可为中国工业互联网产业创新发展提供政策参考。     

The spirit of capitalism as key to solving for an explicit Ramsey saddle path

This paper presents a version of the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model （1965） with an explicit equation for the saddle path, starting from a utility function describing preferences for consumption and savings. Such a maximizing criterion including the flow of saving formalizes the concept of Max Weber＇s spirit of capitalism and makes the model similar to the one of ZOU （1994）, except that his specification includes the capital stock instead. Not only does the presented model preserve the long-run implications on growth of countries, it also features an interesting application of the Pontryagin＇s Maximum principle, with further interpretation and results to analyze.     

Structural Asymmetries and the Optimal Monetary Policy Instrument of the European Central Bank

Although the existence of differences in economic structure across European countries is well known, their implications for the conduct of the single monetary policy in Stage Three of EMU have not yet been analyzed. This paper explores the issue on the basis of a two-country, rational-expectations, stochastic model characterized by asymmetric structural equations and a general formulation for monetary policy. Only if financial shocks are the main source of instability can heterogeneity in structures be neglected. When real shocks to aggregate demand prevail, their geographical distribution and the difference in the elasticity of aggregate supply are the key factors governing the response to structural differences. When supply shocks predominate, irrespective of their geographical distribution monetary policy should lean against the wind with more determination than if countries were identical. Differences in the transmission lag of monetary policy or some concern for growth when pursuing price stabilization reduce the size of the correction in monetary policy called for by structural asymmetries.     

考虑碳排放的航空货运网络优化

为实现枢纽航线网络在经济效益与环境效益上的平衡，针对非严格的无容量限制单分配的P-hub货运航线网络优化问题，建立以经济成本最小为第一目标、以CO2排放量最小为第二目标的双目标优化模型。然后，基于国内顺丰航空公司的实际航线运营数据，利用MATLAB软件编程求解，分别对设置不同枢纽数量下的航线网络进行讨论分析。结果表明：网络运营成本随着枢纽点数量的增加呈现先减少后增加的趋势，飞机在运行过程中产生的CO2排放量也会呈现相同趋势；当枢纽数量为5个时，枢纽航线网络在降低运输成本方面具有较好优势, 枢纽数量为4个时，网络在降低碳排放成本方面具有较好优势。     

Optimal trade policy in the presence of changing market structure

This study examines the optimal use of tariff policy in response to a change in both the number and market behavior of domestic firms. The paper demonstrates that under certain demand conditions, optimal trade policy may require an increase in tariffs in response to an increase in consolidation or collusion among domestic firms.     

House Prices and the Stance of Monetary Policy: The Case of Korea

Abstract

This paper is an empirical investigation on whether the Bank of Korea should respond to the housing price developments in conducting monetary policy. For that aim, we construct a small scale empirical model of the Korean economy, simulate the estimated model with a set of alternative monetary policy rules, and compare the stabilization performances of those rules. There turns out to be ample room for further stabilization of inflation and output, if the central bank shifts from the historically conducted monetary policy rule to the optimal rule. The stabilization gains under the optimal rule, however, are not attributable to additional policy indicators (such as housing price inflation) the optimal rule involves. Rather, the optimal rule improves upon the historical one because the former takes a quite different reaction scheme toward the historical policy indicators. Moreover, as long as the Bank of Korea maintains appropriate reactions to the historical policy indicators, housing price inflation does not contain much extra information for further stabilization     

含电动汽车的光/储/燃充电站最优容量配置及经济性分析

针对城市居民区充电难状况,建立一种包含光伏电池、燃料电池和储能蓄电池的电动汽车充电站容量配置模型。以成本最小化和负荷方差最小化为目标,采用NSGA-Ⅱ(二代非支配排序遗传算法)对模型进行求解。对于求得的可行解,首先使用净现值法对部分解进行经济性评估,然后采取峰谷负荷差率进行进一步评估,经过两轮筛选得出最优解。仿真算例验证了模型及评估方法的可行性。     

PTA生产企业套期保值策略研究

PTA市场价格波动频繁,作为生产厂商,需要确保利润不会因价格波动而减少,因此,可以选择PTA期货品种进行套期保值。在多种套期保值方法和评价指标中,本文选择Markowitz组合投资理论解释的套期保值方法和JohnC．Hul的改进模型以收益方差最小化推导出的最优套期保值比率作为评价指标,并用Ederington提出的评价套期保值有效性指标分析套期保值效果。通过2013年上半年数据,实证分析,证明套期保值可以减少生产企业大部分风险。