面对国际金融危机 善抓经贸发展商机

2008年是极不寻常的一年,国际国内经历了多少喜事大事,遇到灾害和挑战。在党中央的正确领导下,我们战胜了灾害,迎接了挑战,胜利举办了奥运会、残奥会。大振了国威,鼓舞了中华民族的信心,各条战线取得了辉煌的成就。     

赢销巧智慧

西方有一首著名民谣《一个钉子亡了一个国家》,说的是：钉马掌的少钉一个钉子,结果坏了一只蹄铁：坏了一只蹄铁,导致战场上折了一匹战马;折了一匹战马,伤了一位大将;伤了一位大将,输了一场战斗;输了一场战斗,亡了一个国家。美国的一位气象学家发现,一只蝴蝶在巴西漫不经心地拍动了几下翅膀,经过一段时间后,     

痛快≠快乐

朋友发财了，买了宝马，置了豪宅，娶了漂亮的老婆，受到了别人的尊重。     

劳心与劳力

随着社会历史的进步与生产力的提高，产生了分工，形成了不同的职业。到了战国中期，生产领域出现了很大的变化，手工业有了较大的发展，商业贸易活动也已经非常的繁荣，社会发展到了一个新的阶段。     

干燥气风机振动及轴封泄漏原因分析与改进

对聚乙烯三车间的C-301干燥气风机振动及轴封泄漏原因进行了分析,并提出了改进措施,措施实施后,解决了设备的振动问题,解决了轴封泄漏的问题,提高了设备的运转周期,从而降低了能耗、物耗,降低了成本,提高了生产能力,达到了安全稳定生产的目的。     

把引力接到新的空间

卡缪搬家了。马奎斯搬家了。 卡尔维诺搬家了。莫内搬家了。 林布阑搬家了。毕加索搬家了。 瑞典KOSTA BODA彩色玻璃搬家了。 英国WEDGWOOD骨瓷搬家了。 法国HEDIARD咖啡搬家了。 诚品敦南店搬家了。 写下以上文字的许舜英搬家了。     

全球化：从开始到结束

因为没有对石油价格对冲,失去了利润;因为没有利润,失去了红利;因为没有了红利,失去了投资者;因为没有了投资者,失去了融资;因为没有了融资,失去了航空公司;因为没有了航空公司,失去了旅游业;因为没有了旅游业,失去了经济——所有这一切都是由于没有对石油价格进行对冲。这就是全球经济的相互链接性。     

沿着中国特色社会主义大道奔前方

<正>当五星红旗第一次升起在北京天安门前;当"中华人民共和国成立了"的宣告震撼了世界,中国这块满布疮痍的大地便泛出了鲜翠的新绿,中华民族便摆脱了刀兵水火和血雨腥风,中国民众便踏上了社会主义这条充满光明和希望的康庄大道。这条道路,承载了中华民族实现伟大复兴的追求与期冀,也激励了几代人在这条路上策马扬鞭奋力驰骋。当一个伟人在中国的南海岸边做出了惊世骇俗的壮举之后,这条道路便骤然凸显了别具一格的特色。从     

我不懂中年

离婚了,分手了,牵手了,结婚了,乱了。中年人的世界有很多说不清道不明的事儿,是单纯还是复杂,你懂吗？     

态度

＂文艺不光本身是一种真正自由的运动,并且也是令人得到自由的一种力量。＂——1947年,美学家朱光潜写文章说 ＂方便面涨价了,鸡蛋涨价了,面粉涨价了,汽油涨价了,羽绒服涨价了……除了工资,身边的一切几乎都涨价了,但是我们依然需要坚强的活下去,因为墓地现在也涨价了。＂     

Motivations and Obstacles for Small Business Entrepreneurship in Russia: Fifteen Years in Transition

A longitudinal survey of small business entrepreneurs was conducted in Russia in two stages: in 1994 and in 2008. This study examined entrepreneurial climate and developments in Russia's small businesses with a focus on motivations and obstacles in starting up and operating businesses. It also aimed at analyzing entrepreneurs’ needs for training, consulting, and other types of assistance in a comparative context. Russia's climate for small and medium enterprises (SME) and entrepreneurship has improved, although it is still a work in progress. The 2008 survey indicated younger age, greater share of female entrepreneurs, and remaining small size of the firms. Though the level of SME entrepreneurial activities in Russia is still lower than in major developed economies, the gap is diminishing. Thise study found no significant differences between 1994 and 2008 in terms of entrepreneurial motivations and obstacles; several shifts and trends in motivations and obstacles were identified in their relative importance in SME dynamics.     

Organisational form and industry emergence: Nonprofit and mutual firms in the development of the US personal finance industry

Economic theories of commercial nonprofits and mutuals usually emphasise the advantages of such organisational forms in reducing agency and monitoring costs in markets that suffer from information asymmetries in exchanges between firms and their customers. This article examines the ability of such transaction cost theories to account for historical variations in the ownership and governance of firms in the US personal finance industry between the early nineteenth century and the Great Depression. It focuses, in particular, on mutual savings banks and their role in the development of the intermediated market for savings accounts. While I find some evidence in support of transaction cost theories of organisational form, I also find that entrepreneurial and socio-political factors played crucial roles in the choice of ownership and governance structures; mutual savings banks predominated in the early years of the industry because the form offered entrepreneurial advantages over investor-owned corporations and because in some states they benefitted from regulatory and political advantages that joint-stock companies lacked. Their relative decline by the early twentieth century was the result of increasing competition in the market for savings deposits, the loosening of regulatory barriers to entry, and changes in public policy that reduced the transaction, innovation and regulatory advantages that the mutual savings bank form had once held. The article draws out the theoretical implications for our understanding of the historical role of nonprofit and mutual firms.     

WTO《原产地规则协议》对贸易的影响

多边贸易体制中的"原产国标记"与乌拉圭回合《原产地规则协议》对用于海关贸易统计的一般原产地规则做出了原则性规定,但对优惠原产地方面却没有制订出为世界各国所接受的多边规定,致使优惠原产地规则被滥用,对世界贸易产生不均衡性影响。我国原产地规则领域存在的问题突出表现为立法滞后、法规不周详不健全;出口货物原产地授予标准过宽,致使原产地规则不具备宏观调控和投资结构政策导向功能;进口商品原产地认定标准过宽,危害我国幼稚产业的健康发展等方面,导致我国加工贸易减少,对我国吸引外商投资的环境改善将产生不利影响。     

How the Fall of the Iron Curtain Has Affected Consumers' Perceptions of Urban and Rural Quality of Life in Romania

Summary

Marketing and quality of life (QOL) literature is reviewed to conceptualize a model of the impact of marketing activity on QOL. This model outlines how the four elements of the marketing mix affect the life domain of shopping, dealing with the acquisition, possession, use, and consumption of goods. In turn, four strategic considerations/indicators connecting this life domain with QOL are identified: the four A's linking marketing with QOL -i.e., appearance of goods in the market, and awareness, availability, and affordability of goods for consumers. A large-scale field study in urban and rural Romania, a country undergoing rapid marketization, was conducted to test hypotheses and to validate secondary data findings relating availability and affordability of goods with QOL for urban and rural consumers. The findings support the predictions that availability and affordability are positively related to QOL. Secondary data findings concerning changes in the availability and affordability of goods and services, and hypotheses concerning changes in the QOL in Romania between the years 1989 and 1993/1994 were also validated and supported. The findings indicate that availability has improved during this period, whereas afford-ability has decreased. Overall, as hypothesized, these changes have resulted in the deterioration of QOL in Romania in today's marketizing economy, as compared to the planned economy, before the revolution. Finally, urban versus rural differences in the impact of marketization in terms of changes in the availability and affordability and in QOL are also studied.     

保函独立性的司法认定困局及思路修正

我国“独立保函司法解释”适应了法律规则和法学理论发展的国际性、时代性需求，但从其出台至今的周期性司法实践看来，司法机关对保函的独立性认定问题，仍存在一定的认知偏差，各地法院的判决标准分歧明显。独立担保制度产生于欧美发达国家，早期独立担保项下规则适用的基本向度均与欧美各国在不同历史时期下的商事发展需求相关。在资本主义目的因子的驱动下，以美国为代表的英美法和以法国为代表的大陆法国家对独立保函的独立性认定标准各异。中国司法对独立保函的独立性认定思路应以“一带一路”战略需求为导向，参见域外“重实质轻形式”的历史性成果，对“单据”“基础合同”“从属性条款”等争议问题明确定位，采用宽松认定的基本态度。     

日本服务业与制造业FDI状况及其影响因素的实证比较

对外直接投资转向服务业是世界对外直接投资发展的新趋势。目前服务业对外直接投资在规模和增长速度上均超过了制造业。虽然我国目前接受的外商直接投资以制造业为主,但是世界市场对外直接投资的趋势和规律依然值得关注。本文以服务业、制造业对外直接投资的主要代表国家—日本为研究对象,分析了其服务业与制造业对外直接投资在投资规模、区位和产业分布上的异同点。比较其影响因素从而探索服务业在国际投资中独特的规律,并为我国吸引日本直接投资提供建议。     

Human capital formation under neo-liberalism: the legacy of vocational education training in Australasia and implications for the Asia-Pacific region

Abstract

This appraisal considers the role and impact of vocational education and training (VET) in Australia and New Zealand, and suggests directions such policy might take in other Asia-Pacific countries. It identifies key issues and constraints in making VET more responsive to emerging labour market needs in the region as an important factor in sustaining high economic growth. It focuses on the way in which the demands of the government, industry, trainees, and, in particular, shifts in political ideology that have influenced the education and training sectors in both countries. It addresses points of specific relevance for the delivery of VET in the broader Asia-Pacific context and concludes with a consideration of lessons and experiences of Australia and New Zealand with VET that may hold for other countries in the region in formulating priorities and implementing strategies in meeting their current and emerging needs for skills development.     

深圳民营企业外贸出口增长的实证分析

深圳民营企业是一个充满生机和活力的年轻群体。自从1999年国家取消对非公有制经济从事外贸的限制,2004年国家又允许个人从事外贸经营后,深圳民营企业不断扩大,外贸出口激增。2005年,深圳民营企业外贸出口首次突破百亿美元,同比激增93%,成为深圳出口主力军之一。本文试图利用近几年的统计数据,对深圳民营企业外贸出口增长进行实证分析,归纳出深圳民营企业出口激增的主要特点、成因,并针对问题提出进一步促进深圳民营企业出口的对策。     

Trust transfer from manufacturer to private label brand: The moderating role of grocery store format

Guided by the theory of trust transfer, the present study sheds new insights on the role of trust in manufacturer brand on trust in private label brand (PLB), perceived risk and willingness to buy (WTB). The moderating role of grocery store format between trust in manufacturer brand, trust in PLB and WTB is also examined. The empirical data were collected by means of a written survey instrument from consumers. The hypotheses were analyzed with maximum-likelihood estimation. The results revealed the positive influence of perceived manufacturer brand quality on trust in manufacturer brand and trust in PLB. The positive linkage between trust in manufacturer brand and trust in PLB is also supported. The negative influence of trust in manufacturer brand and trust in PLB on perceived risk was revealed and the positive impact of trust in manufacturer brand and trust in PLB on WTB was also confirmed. The findings provide support for the negative link between perceived risk and WTB. Additionally, perceived risk partially mediates the relationships between trust in manufacturer brand, trust in PLB and WTB. Furthermore, store format moderates the impact of trust in manufacturer brand and trust in PLB on WTB. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented based of the research findings.     

外国直接投资、加工贸易利益分配:U形价值链模型

文章指出,价值链各环节利益与市场结构和竞争力有关,一个国家在特定行业竞争力越大,就越能占据具有垄断优势的战略环节,提供价值链上越多的价值增加量。文章将企业价值链活动分为上游、中游、下游三个环节,并假定委托方为发达国家的跨国公司,代理人为发展中国家的加工企业,装配加工企业的产品通过加工贸易方式全部出口,加工贸易委托方决策服从收益最大化或成本最小化原则,从而建立了加工贸易U形价值链模型。分析表明,加工贸易利益的分配轨迹呈U形曲线,且会随着代理方数量的增加变得越来越陡峭,使代理方净贸易条件趋于恶化;跨国公司运用转移价格手段使U形曲线变得更加陡峭,代理方利益受损。这正是我国在国际分工中处于U形曲线底端的原因,我国贸易条件的变化与外国直接投资流入以及加工贸易发展有较大关系,单纯依靠数量扩张来改善收入贸易条件的空间越来越小,我国应把利用外资的主要目标放在外资的技术含量和产业结构调整上,应对成本动机的外国直接投资予以高度关注并给以必要的政策引导。