经济发达地区农户借贷需求特征及影响因素研究——基于浙江温岭市的调查

对浙江温岭市379户农户借贷需求状况的调查结果显示:农户户均借款数额较大,且增长迅速;借贷资金主要来源于农村合作银行,但民间借贷也是一个补充途径;约75%的借贷资金用于非农产业;以一年内的短期借款为主;农户之间的民间借贷以低息、借条形式为主,规范性较好。进一步地,应用Logistic回归模型对农户借贷需求的影响因素进行定量分析,结果表明,农户的总收入、非农收入、借贷倾向、借贷次数、储蓄存款、从事行业和地理区域是对借贷需求具有显著影响的因素。     

我国西部地区农户借贷行为影响因素的实证研究——基于804户农户调查数据分析

诠释农户的性质、行为及其生存环境是讨论我国农村金融问题的逻辑起点,本文运用二元选择模型,利用农户调查问卷得到的数据对西部地区农户借贷行为的影响因素进行了实证研究。得出以下结论:个人与家庭特征、经济特征、环境特征均是影响西部地区农户借贷行为的因素,尤其是农户的家庭年收入、农户的家庭规模、家庭主要支出、户主年龄、家庭劳动负担率、2008年是否发生重大事件等因素对农户借贷行为的影响具有非常显著的作用。     

高淳县农户金融需求与供给的调查分析

通过对高淳县农户金融需求状况以及金融供给现状的调查,得出结论表明:高淳县农户借贷行为非常普遍,但不同从业性质的农户,资金需求量和用途不同。农民收入主要以传统种植业和外出打工工资为主的农户家庭,借贷资金更多用于家庭消费和非农业生产。但是从事特色农业(如螃蟹养殖)的大户,资金需求量大,而且主要用于农业生产性投资。民间借贷是满足农户借贷资金需求的主要渠道,农信社在满足农户金融需求方面的作用有限。     

西部地区农户借贷行为及其制约因素分析

对西部地区农户借贷行为进行实证分析,西部地区农户对于资金借贷需求逐年上升;民间借贷是农户借贷资金主要来源,从正规金融机构贷款比例逐年提高;民间有息借贷或高息牟利性质的借贷并不普遍;借贷资金主要投向于资金需求较大的生活消费项目和投资回报率较高的农业产业化项目,总体上生活性借款的比重有所增加而生产性借款的比重有所下降。因此,针对西部地区农户借贷行为的特征,以及正规金融、民间借贷供给和农户自身需求方面存在的制约因素,应采取相应策略,继续深化农村金融体系改革,完善农村信贷服务体系,促进农业和农村经济全面发展。     

我国民间借贷现状及其未来发展趋势

民间借贷又称"民间信用"或"个人信用",指居民个人向集体及其相互间提供的信用,一般采取利息面议,直接成交的方式。我国民间借贷的存在由来已久,近年来,随着国家利率政策的调整以及受农户小额信用贷款难的影响,民间借贷市场更趋活跃,呈现出借贷规模扩张化、借贷用途多样化的特点,对金融业的影响日渐加深,已引起社会尤其是金融业内人士的广泛关注和高度重视。     

农户正式借贷存在问题的原因及政策建议

农户作为一个融资主体,与信用社、政府等机构单位相比其本身就是一个相对弱势的群体,因此农户的借贷会存在一些列问题。本文通过对"农户正式借贷行为"的研究后,发现影响农户正式借贷的因素为农户自身、正规金融机构实力、农村金融生态环境、政府政策、农户可抵押资产、民间借贷市场六个方面,据此,分别从农户、正规金融机构、政府三个方面提出了针对性的政策建议。     

较发达地区农户参与农信社小额信贷程度的影响因素分析——基于苏北金湖农户“直接意愿”调查的实证检验

结合农户借贷行为特征,采用江苏省金湖县273个农户实地调查数据,通过基于"直接意愿调查法"的二元Probit模型,从需求和供给两方面实证分析中国较发达地区农户小额信用贷款的现状及影响因素,结果显示,外出务工人数、农村家庭大额非日常支出、农户人际关系的强弱和正规社会资本资源显著影响农户小额信贷的需求,而非农收入比重、农户兼业类型及地区人均贷款显著影响农户获得小额信贷的概率。因此,重视和挖掘农户潜在信贷需求,改进信贷产品服务和质量,满足农户多样化的资金需求,才是实现农村小额信贷的可持续发展之道。     

基于供给视角的我国发达地区农户资金借贷分析

通过对浙江温岭市379户农户资金借贷调查结果的分析,发现当地农户借贷资金供给主体是农村合作银行。尽管该行信贷服务创新显著,对农户的信贷供给较充分,但对农户潜在的资金借贷需求的满足率不到50%;当地60%左右农户对银行信贷服务满意度不高,但90%以上农户对民间借贷持认可态度;农村民间自由借贷比较普遍,规模较大,有一定规范性,主要用于补充农户生活消费资金不足;少数非传统农户通过营利性民间借贷获得较大规模的急需生产资金。     

影响农户借贷行为因素的对比分析——基于陕西省千阳县的实证分析

主流观点认为,我国经济不发达地区的农户借贷依赖于民间借贷,但是在对陕西省千阳县农户借贷行为进行实地调研后,得出结果表明,该地区农户对资金的需求主要是来自正规金融渠道,是从农村信用社获得资金支持.通过对比分析农户从农信社借贷与亲友借贷的行为,发现影响农户从农信社借贷的不利因素,以寻求从农村信用社和政府两方面来解决农户融资问题.     

农户借贷行为的影响因素分析

本文基于全国东中西1三个地区1188户农村家庭的调查数据,研究了农户获得借贷的影响因素。研究表明:农户获得借贷的影响因素主要为家庭净收入、是否有抵押物或担保、家庭总资产、贷款机构或个人主动介绍。     

Syndicated loans in emerging markets

There has been a considerable expansion of the volume of syndicated loans in emerging markets in the recent years. We provide the first analysis of the determinants of the decision of banks to syndicate a loan on a sample of loan facilities from 50 emerging countries. We show the significant role of loan characteristics and of financial development, banking regulation, and legal institutions, in the decision to syndicate a loan. We support the efforts of authorities to increase banking competition and efficiency, and to implement binding banking regulation on capital requirement to promote the expansion of syndicated loans.     

制约国家助学贷款顺利发展的因素分析

我国大学生国家助学贷款发展缓慢,贷款的发放与经济困难学生的需求有较大差距。文章通过对商业银行与大学生双方心理特征、高校行为及社会信用环境的系统分析,揭示了制约国家助学贷款顺利实施的诸多因素。     

农村民间借贷高利率对农村经济社会发展的影响

通过描述中国农村民间借贷现状,简析了我国农村民间借贷高利率形成的原因,通过建立数理经济模型,分析了我国民间借贷高利率在农村经济社会发展过程中所起的作用。本文认为尽管高利率对农村经济的发展存在各种消极的影响,但是如果能够合理规范农村民间借贷利率,则对经济的发展有一定的促进作用,虽然消极影响要大于积极影响。为此,建议制定相应的法律来完善和规范民间金融借贷,正规化将成为我国历史进程中的迫切要求。     

中小企业社会资本、信用水平与融资能

社会资本是一个近年来被引入经济学研究领域的概念,本文以中小企业社会资本为对象,运用结构方程模型分析社会资本、信用水平与融资能力之间的作用机制并得出研究结论。     

显性激励:最优信贷合约研究

本文运用委托代理理论,对银行信贷合约的最优条件进行了分析.文章将信贷合约抽象为由分配函数、审计域、担保率等要件组成,然后运用委托代理问题研究中的分布函数参数化模型方法,依次对最优分配函数、最佳审计域、最优担保率的特征进行了研究,得出了最优分配函数应当满足"莫里斯·霍姆斯特姆"条件等系列结论.     

Effect of climate-related risk on the costs of bank loans: Evidence from syndicated loan markets in emerging economies

Based on a novel dataset that combined syndicated loans originated in the emerging market economies with greenhouse gas emission intensity data of borrowers, this study examines whether and to what extent banks in these emerging markets have factored in climate transition risk in their lending decisions. On loan pricing, our results suggest that banks in these emerging markets have started to price-in climate transition risk for loans to emissions-intensive sector since the Paris Agreement. This could reflect their increased awareness of a climate-transition risk towards such firms. The extent of the transition risk premium is also found to be dependent on the environmental attitude of banks. Specifically, green banks are found to charge a higher loan spread than other banks, when lending to the same brown firm after the Paris Agreement. Apart from pricing a transition risk premium in the loan spread, we find evidence that banks may also consider imposing more stringent non-pricing contractual terms, such as shortening loan tenor and imposing collateral requirement, on brown firms especially when the associated credit risk impacts on these firms are more uncertain.     

Microfinance Traps and Relational Exchange Norms: A Field Study of Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania

In interdependent social groups, microfinance traps occur when conflicts arise between borrowers’ affective ties related to family needs and instrumental ties related to obligations toward their loan group. Thus, the social capital that facilitates microfinancing can lead to conflicting obligations toward business needs and economic obligations toward family. Building on an inductive field study among female entrepreneurs in Tanzania, we conceptualize microfinance traps. By using relational contract theory to interpret the qualitative data, we argue that microfinance traps can be reduced by balancing role integrity, preserving norms and reciprocity, and harmonizing the social matrix toward the family and loan group.     

Incrementality of SME Loan Guarantees

In many countries, loan guarantee programs are important elements of government policy with respect to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). If loan guarantee schemes are to be effective, a majority of firms obtaining assistance through such a scheme ought not to be able to obtain financing from existing sources: a property known as incrementality or additionality. This paper describes a new approach to measuring incrementality. This work uses a two-stage process to estimate the incrementality of loans made under the terms of the Canada Small Business Financing (CSBF) program. First, a logistic regression-based model of loan outcomes (essentially a credit-scoring model) is estimated based on a large representative sample of SMEs. The resulting model was consistent with prior expectations and exhibited high levels of goodness-of-fit. The model was then employed to classify a sample of firms that had received loans under the terms of the loan guarantee scheme. Incremental loans ought to be classified as “turndowns” by the model; hence the proportion of loan guarantee recipients that the model classified as turndowns is a direct measure of incrementality. For the CSBF loan guarantee program incrementality was estimated (with 95% confidence) as 74.8±9.0%.     

Measuring the Impact of Reserve Requirement Changes Using Interest Rate Spreads: Evidence from Costa Rica

Researchers have proposed several different theories regarding the effects of reserve requirement changes. One theory suggests that reserve requirements represent a tax on financial institutions. This theory is usually tested by examining stock price responses to announced reserve requirement changes. Reliable, historical stock price information for Costa Rica firms is generally not publicly available. In this paper, the spread between deposit rates and loan rates is used as a proxy for firm profitability. The results indicate a complex response to reserve requirement changes that is dependent on bank classification.     

银企关系与房地产公司的信贷违约--基于嵌入性视角的研究

嵌入性理论认为,社会资本是企业可以利用的重要资源。本文基于我国房地产上市公司信贷数据,发现银企关系作为企业一项重要的社会资本提供了财务变量和股票市场变量以外有关公司违约的重要信息,有助于提高违约风险模型的预测能力。其中银企双边关系久期、主营房地产业务时间以及公司国有背景与违约风险率显著负相关,银企关系规模的实际作用效果与关系网络的规模和结构有关。