中国资本市场股权融资偏好原因分析

融资理论重点研究企业股权融资与债务融资之间的构成比例,近年来融资优序理论与权衡理论逐渐成为企业融资理论的主流.然而各研究表明,我国上市公司存在与传统融资优序理论相悖的现象,融资顺序体现了极强的股权融资偏好.本文从筹资者、投资者和宏观环境三个方面进行了分析,提出完善我国上市公司的融资结构相关对策建议.     

我国上市公司融资结构与融资悖论

融资理论重点研究企业股权融资与债务融资之间的构成比例,近年来融资优序理论与权衡理论逐渐成为企业融资理论的主流。然而各研究表明,我国上市公司存在与传统融资优序理论相悖的现象,为了促进上市公司的健康稳步发展,我们必须从法律和企业本身的治理结构等方面解决企业融资结构不合理的问题。     

优序融资理论视角下支持中小企业融资的策略研究

优序融资理论是目前信息不对称情况下企业融资次序选择最具解释力的理论,我国中小企业存在“强制优序融资”现象,真正解决中小企业融资难、融资贵的问题,必须充分发挥政府的支持与引导作用.优序融资理论对支持中小企业融资的基本原则和策略选择提供了新的视角.     

新兴股票市场的资本结构——上证A股工业企业的实证分析

文章对在2005-2013年间中国上海证券交易所上市的非金融公司A股工业企业的268个面板样本进行修正的OLS检验方法估计,分析资本结构的决定因素对新兴股票市场的影响,检验的结果是稳健的.在资本结构的三种理论中,优序融资理论和静态权衡理论似乎都可以解释公司的决策,却没有证据支持代理成本理论.     

中小企业融资问题的契约理论分析

通过比较分析现在流行的企业资本结构理论中的权衡理论和新优序理论的缺陷 ,认为资本结构的契约理论是一种比较适合于解释中小企业融资行为的理论。同时通过对中小企业的特征及其契约成本的分析 ,弄清适合中小企业发展的各种融资模式的适用环境。最后依据契约理论的要求 ,探讨企业融资契约的设计及多层次的中小企业资金供应体系的形成过程     

权衡理论与优序融资理论的比较研究

权衡理论和优序融资理论是现代资本结构理论中发展出来的两个主流理论,它们都是建立在MM理论基础上的,是对MM理论的发展。两种理论所放宽的MM理论的假设、考虑的影响资本结构的因素、财务杠杆的目标值及对公司的财务政策的指导作用不同。     

关于西方资本结构理论的几点思考

静态均衡理论和优序融资理论为西方资本结构理论的两大主流理论,其对企业的融资行为产生了巨大的影响.主流资本结构理论都忽略了对资本结构调整速度的研究,只注重企业价值最大化与资本结构之间关系的论述,忽略了对企业资本结构优化措施的具体分析.西方主流资本结构理论在一定程度上能够解释中国企业融资实践,但是否能适用于中国企业,目前而言还难以定论.     

优序融资理论的中国实证分析

本文应用MYERS的优序融资模型,对我国上市公司的融资结构进行分析,指出在我国现阶段,由于资本市场的发展不完善、债券市场的严格限制和非流通股权制度等因素的影响,上市企业的融资结构并不遵循优序融资理论,存在着严重的股权融资偏好,而要改变这一现象,必须改进我国资本市场的发展,放开债券市场的管制,积极进行股权分置改革,从而使企业的融资结构达到最优。     

我国上市公司股权融资偏好负效应分析

一直以来,我国上市公司融资普遍存在股权融资偏好、负债率低的现象,这种现象是有悖于"啄食"优序融资理论以及权衡理论等思想的行为,是我国特殊经济体制和独特经济环境的产物,它不仅不利于社会资源的有效配置,也对上市公司的经营业绩产生重大的影响。本文将尝试从上市公司融资结构角度,结合我国上市公司的具体特点,分析企业融资偏好的现状与成因,探讨构建合理融资结构的建议和对策。     

基于信息不对称的我国上市公司融资行为偏好研究

根据现代企业融资理论和成熟市场经济国家的实践经验,上市公司在有融资需求时,融资顺序依次为内部留存、债务融资、股票融资。我国上市公司的资本结构呈现与西方的＂融资优序理论＂不同的特点,即资产负债率普遍偏低,上市公司更偏好股权融资。     

基于顺序融资理论浅析我国上市公司的融资偏好

顺序融资理论是一种新的资本结构理论。本文通过我国和美国的上市公司融资顺序的国内外比较分析,指出我国上市公司融资偏好差异的原因,提出通过大力发展上市公司债券市场、培育健康股票市场的发展、改善我国上市公司的内源融资顺序的措施,以促进我国上市公司的完善发展。     

Ethical investing and capital structure

We test the relevance of the trade-off, pecking order, and market timing theories of capital structure from the point of view of a stock's religious orientation. Using a unique sample of Islamic stocks, we discover the leverage speed of adjustment (SOA) to be faster compared to that in the literature on conventional stocks, consistent with trade-off theory. We hypothesize that this result is due to the risk-sharing principal of Islamic investments that substantially reduces market imperfections. The inclusion of variables belonging to other theories of capital structure does not change the SOA, implying the importance of the trade-off theory.     

Testing trade-off and pecking order theories financing SMEs

This paper explores two of the most important theories behind financial policy in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), namely, the pecking order and the trade-off theories. Panel data methodology is used to test empirical hypotheses on a sample of 3,569 Spanish SMEs over a 10-year period dating from 1995 to 2004. Results suggest that both theoretical models help to explain SME capital structure. However, despite finding clear evidence that SMEs follow a funding source hierarchy (pecking order model), our results reveal that greater trust is placed in SMEs that aim to reach target or optimum leverage (trade-off model). This remains true even when SMEs take a long time to reach this level, due to the high transaction costs they have to face. Non-debt tax shields (NDTS), growth opportunities and internal resources all seem to play an important role in determining SME capital structure. Both size and age are also found to be significant factors. Moreover, the empirical evidence obtained confirms that SMEs clearly behave differently to large firms where financing is concerned.

UK retailers: What motivates the decision to raise finance?

This article examines the relationship between company performance (measured using share price and earnings) and the decision to raise finance by UK retail companies. Two theories of what motivates new financings are examined, namely: (i) the balancing theory; and (ii) the pecking order theory. Analysis of the share price and earnings performance, in the 10 years surrounding the financing, finds that the retail companies exhibit abnormally positive share price and earnings performance in the post-financing period. Regression analysis of the possible determinants of this abnormal performance indicates that the principal motivating factor for the financings appears to be growth opportunities. Therefore we conclude that the results for UK retail companies are supportive of the pecking order theory, as adjusted for growth opportunities [Pilotte, 1992. Journal of Business 65(3), 371–394]. Further regression analysis to determine what factors influence the amount raised provides additional support for this conclusion. New financings by UK retail companies should therefore be perceived positively by the investment community.     

Firm-Level Determinants of the Financing Decisions of Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Argentina

This article studies the determinants of the financing decisions of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which we characterize through three cases: trade-off behavior, pecking order, and extreme aversion to debt. We test our hypotheses using a dataset of firms from Bahía Blanca (Argentina) for two years: 2006 and 2010. We find that firm characteristics related to information asymmetries, such as firm age, size, and legal form; and personal factors, such as owner’s age and education; and perception of emotional bankruptcy costs, are relevant variables in SME financing behavior. The recognition of extreme aversion to debt motivates reconsideration of the underleverage problem of SMEs.     

Institutions and corporate capital structure in the MENA region

This paper provides novel evidence on firm- and country-level determinants of firm capital structure decisions in the MENA region. Using a sample of 444 listed firms from ten countries, over the 2003–2011 period, we find that MENA firms have target leverage ratios towards which they adjust over time. Yet, the speed of adjustment varies from one country to another. Our findings also suggest that some firm-level factors are associated with leverage consistent with the trade-off and pecking order theories of capital structure. We further find robust evidence that better institutional quality leads firms to use more debt.     

Small shop survival – The financial response to a global financial crisis

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which are small retail shops, remain the largest employer in the western world. Yet the financing of their fixed and working capital investments remains under-researched. This study focuses on this topic by examining Eurozone wholesale and retail SMEs enterprises at the peak of the 2008 financial credit crisis. In order to do this, an innovative analysis of existing theories in retail finance and policy research using generalised multilevel structural equation modelling is performed to establish how retail SMEs sourced capital during this period. This analysis, a first of its kind in wholesale and retail SME research, finds that pecking order theory, the independence of investment and financing, as well as the contest for financial resources between fixed and working capital do not hold for wholesale and retail SMEs. Moreover, it is found that government grants and subsidised loans were not used by SMEs in this sector of the Eurozone as primary sources of finance during the aftermath of the 2008 global credit crisis. Crucially, it is posited that a business environment characterized by stronger legal rights and deeper credit information did not improve SMEs’ access to external finance. The authors recommend that further research should be pursued in this field in order to improve current understanding of the resilience of retail SMEs for future global financial crises.     

Financial conservatism of private firms

The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors that motivate private firms to follow a conservative financial policy. Using a new definition of financial conservatism, we investigate a sample of 21,959 Italian private firms for the 1998–2006 period and look for the determinants of financial conservatism according to the main theories of capital structure and financing policy. Our findings show that financially conservative firms are smaller, with more intangible and less tangible assets, lower effective tax rates and follow a pecking order style financial policy. As has been found for their public counterparts, financially conservative private firms seem to pile up cash and their leverage potential before undertaking future investments.     

Similarities and differences in small and large corporation beliefs about capital structure policy

Theoretical researchers posit many factors that affect a firm's capital structure decisions. Theory also suggests that these influences will have different impacts on small and large firms. However, empiricists face difficulties in testing these hypotheses due to problems of quantifying the motivations, expectations, and preferences prevalent in the various theories.To test some of the strands of theory and to determine differences between small and large corporation capital structure beliefs, a survey was sent to financial managers of 405 small corporations; 27% of the surveys were completed and returned. By comparing the results of this survey to those of previously published large corporation surveys, similarities (e.g., belief in a financing pecking order, little belief in the importance of bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and information asymmetries) and differences (e.g., less reliance by small firms on target debt ratios, greater preference for zero debt by the small firms) were identified.