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1.
Josep Maria Arauzo Carod Daniel Liviano Solís Mònica Martín Bofarull 《Small Business Economics》2008,30(1):73-84
This paper explores the effects of new business formation on employment growth in Spanish manufacturing industries. New firms
are believed to make an important contribution to economic growth but the extent of this contribution is unclear. We consider
time lags of new firm formation as explanatory variables of employment change and identify how long the effect of new firm
entries on employment lasts. Our main results show that the effects of new business formation are positive in the short term,
negative in the medium term and positive in the long term, thus confirming the existence of indirect supply-side effects found
in similar studies for other countries.
相似文献
Josep Maria Arauzo CarodEmail: |
2.
The effects of new firm formation on regional development over time: The case of Great Britain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper re-examines the link between new firm formation and subsequent employment growth. It investigates whether it is
possible to have the wrong type of entrepreneurship—defined as new firm formation which leads to zero or even negative subsequent
employment growth. It uses a very similar approach to that of Fritsch and Mueller (Regional Studies, 38(8), 961–976, 2004),
confirming their findings that the employment impact of new firm formation is in three discrete phases. Then, using data for
Great Britain, the paper shows the employment impact of new firm formation is significantly positive in the high-enterprise
counties of Great Britain. However, for the low-enterprise counties, it shows that new firm formation has a negative effect
on employment. Of the 15 low-enterprise regions, eight are Scottish (of nine Scottish regions in our data base) and three
are North East Counties (of four). Our findings imply that having the “wrong type of entrepreneurship” is indeed possible.
相似文献
Pamela MuellerEmail: |
3.
The paper examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the survival of business start-ups. FDI has potential
for both negative displacement/competition effects as well as positive knowledge spillover and linkage effects on new ventures.
We find a net positive effect for the whole dataset. However, a major contribution of the paper is to outline and test an
argument that this effect is likely to be comprised of a net negative effect in dynamic industries (high churn: firm entry
plus exit relative to the stock of firms) alongside a net positive effect in static (low churn) industries. We find evidence
to support this view. The results identify new effects of globalisation on enterprise development with associated challenges
for industrial policy.
相似文献
Andrew BurkeEmail: |
4.
This paper investigates whether a high level of new business formation in a region stimulates employment growth in that region.
We look at the lag structure of these effects using a data set covering a fairly large time span (1982–2002). We find that
indirect effects of new firm births on subsequent employment growth are stronger than direct effects. However, indirect effects
only occur about 8 years after new firm formation. In particular, and unlike the findings from studies of other countries
using a similar approach, positive indirect effects do not seem to tail off in the Portuguese case. This is likely due to
a general pattern of results in which lags appear to be longer for Portugal. In view of these results, we suggest that the
lag times and magnitudes the effects on new firm formation on subsequent employment growth are likely dependent on the types
and qualities of start-ups.
相似文献
Paulo MadrugaEmail: |
5.
The article analyses the relationship between succession and firm performance. Applying a non-parametric matching approach
on a panel of roughly 4,000 Austrian family firms we evaluate the impact of actual (past) succession as well as planned (future)
successions on employment growth. Analysing succession plans, we do not find a significant difference in employment growth
between firms that plan to transfer the firm in the next 10 years and those who do not. In contrast, past succession exerts
a significant and positive employment growth effect, which becomes stronger over time.
相似文献
Denise Sandra DiwischEmail: |
6.
Much of the theoretical work on industry dynamics focuses on the role of ‘noisy’ selection and incomplete information on firm
entry and survival. We extend this research by looking at the impact of firm heterogeneity on employment effects for 320 U.S.
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA). We find that only start-ups with greater than 20 and less than 500 employees have persistent
employment effects over time and only in large diversified metropolitan regions. Therefore, both the type of entry (Gazelles)
and the characteristics of the region are important for employment growth.
相似文献
Pamela MuellerEmail: |
7.
This paper examines the relationship between new firm formation and regional employment change in The Netherlands. Using a
new regional data base for the period 1988–2002, we examine the time lags involved in the relationship. We also investigate
whether the relationship differs by sector and by degree of urbanization. We find that the maximum effect of new businesses
on regional development is reached after about 6 years. Our results also suggest that the overall employment impact of new-firm
start-ups is positive but that the immediate employment effects may be small in The Netherlands. Furthermore, we find that
the employment impact of new firms is strongest in manufacturing industries and that the employment impact of new firms is
stronger in areas with a higher degree of urbanization.
相似文献
André van StelEmail: |
8.
The effect of new business formation on regional development over time: the case of Germany 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We investigate the effects of new business formation on employment change in German regions. A special focus is on the lag-structure
of this effect and on differences between regions. The different phases of the effects of new business formation on regional
development are relatively pronounced in agglomerations as well as in regions with a high-level of labor productivity. In
low-productivity regions, the overall employment effect of new business formation activity might be negative. The interregional
differences indicate that regional factors play an important role.
相似文献
Pamela MuellerEmail: |
9.
The study investigates how an organization’s entrepreneurial orientation moderates the interplay between market orientation
and marketing subunit influence on firm performance. The hypothesized model predicts that the positive interaction between
market orientation and marketing subunit influence has a weaker effect on firm performance under conditions of high entrepreneurial
orientation. The regression and supplementary analyses provide support for most predictions and, most importantly, for a negative
three-way interaction effect: At higher levels of entrepreneurial orientation, the positive moderating effect of marketing
subunit influence on the market orientation–business performance relationship is reduced. The authors discuss the managerial
and theoretical implications of their findings and provide a number of directions for further research.
相似文献
Seigyoung AuhEmail: |
10.
In this paper, we consider third-degree price discrimination in two markets in the presence of asymmetric consumption externalities;
we establish that under plausible conditions, a firm reduces its price in the market with low price elasticity of demand.
The firm can increase its profits by reducing the price for these consumers and enlarging the demand for other consumers,
provided that positive consumption externalities exist. Moreover, we show that third-degree price discrimination enhances
not only the firm’s profit but also total consumer surplus.
相似文献
Tatsuhiko NariuEmail: |
11.
Many Continental European countries recently reformed their bankruptcy legislations to stimulate reorganization and firm survival.
We show that the Belgian 1997 bankruptcy code reform, which implemented several international best practice recommendations,
significantly reduced aggregate small and micro business bankruptcy rates. However, using distributed lag models to control
for the relationship between bankruptcy rates and macroeconomic variables such as real GDP growth, consumer confidence, inflation,
etc., we find that the new code’s impact is not the same for all types of companies. Specifically, while the beneficial effect
of the reform is largely similar between small firms (i.e. stock corporations) and micro firms (i.e. partnerships), it is
only significant in certain industries (manufacturing and trade). Overall, our results indicate that especially the measures
taken to limit domino bankruptcy effects are likely to have had a substantial impact. Our findings have several policy implications
for the evaluation and modification of the bankruptcy system.
相似文献
Cynthia Van HulleEmail: |
12.
Effect of credit guarantee policy on survival and performance of SMEs in Republic of Korea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study evaluates the effect of credit guarantee on SMEs at the firm level. To estimate the effect of credit guarantee,
we analyze relations between credit guarantee, the survival of guaranteed firms, and their productive performance. The result
indicates that credit guarantee frequency enabled guaranteed firms to achieve good performances in general. On the contrary,
the effect of guarantee amounts is ambiguous in that there is difference between the contemporary effect and the lagged effect.
Therefore, we conclude that credit guarantee satisfied partially its goal to alleviate SMEs’ difficulty in acquiring finance
and to stabilize employment.
相似文献
Almas HeshmatiEmail: Email: |
13.
The roles of R&;D in new firm growth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Innovative start-ups are an important driver of economic growth. This article presents empirical evidence on the effects of
research and development (R&D) on new product development, interfirm alliances and employment growth during the early life
course of firms. We use a dataset that contains a sample of new firms that is representative of the whole population of start-ups.
This dataset covers the first 6 years of the life course of firms. It is revealed that R&D plays several roles during the
early life course of high-tech as well as high-growth firms. The effect of initial R&D on high-tech firm growth is through
increasing levels of interfirm alliances in the first post-entry years. R&D efforts enable the exploitation of external knowledge.
Initial R&D also stimulates new product development later on in the life course of high-tech firms, but this does not seem
to affect firm growth. R&D does not affect the growth rate of new low-tech firms, which seem to be driven mainly by the growth
ambitions of the founding entrepreneur. The results show that R&D matters for a limited but important set of new high-tech
and high-growth firms, which are key in innovation and entrepreneurship policies.
相似文献
Karl WennbergEmail: |
14.
Using local market employment rates as our measure of economic performance, we find a positive and significant correlation
between the average annual level of employment in a local market and the level of SBA guaranteed lending in that local market.
Furthermore, the intensity of this correlation is much larger in low-income markets. Indeed, our results suggest that this
correlation is positive and significant only in low-income markets. This result has important implications for public policy in general and SBA guaranteed lending in particular.
相似文献
William E. Jackson III (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
E-commerce has siphoned sales away from bricks-and-mortar channels in many industries. Taking a principal-agent perspective,
this article analyzes how the increasing volume of e-sales influences offline incentive schemes and firm profitability. According
to the proposed model, moderate channel cannibalization can be a blessing in disguise if it decreases incentive intensity
and lowers expected wage payments. Whether a larger volume of e-sales is blessing or curse depends (among other things) on
the relative magnitude of cannibalization versus market enlargement and the degree to which the increase changes the composition
of offline customers’ types with respect to service costs.
相似文献
Christian M. PfeilEmail: |
16.
This paper investigates whether small businesses face financial constraints that affect their survival. A model of moral hazard
is developed in which financial constraints arise endogenously. The model predicts that higher private assets relax financial
constraints and have a positive effect on the firm’s probability of survival. The empirical analysis confirms that the entrepreneur
has a higher propensity to stay in business when she inherits capital. This effect is particularly strong for entrepreneurs
who switch from self-employment into wage employment.
相似文献
Oleksandr TalaveraEmail: |
17.
The death of firms: exploring the effects of environment and birth cohort on firm survival in Sweden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marcus Box 《Small Business Economics》2008,31(4):379-393
This paper investigates the death of firms and seizes a long-term perspective. It investigates the life spans of nearly 2,200
firms in seven birth cohorts of Swedish joint-stock companies, founded during seven separate years between 1899 and 1950.
Research has traditionally emphasized individual- and micro-oriented factors in explaining post-entry performance, or has
often focused on the influence of firm-specific structural factors (firm age and size). A less attended field recognizes environmental
forces. This paper focuses on the interaction between the micro and macro levels, and combines structural and environmental
factors. Employing a cohort approach, it relates firm survival to firm age and size, as well as to the effect of cohort affiliation
and environmental change over time (period effects). During macroeconomic expansion, the risk of death decreases. Cohort effects
are also evident. Firms founded during times of economic crisis exhibit lower survival rates. Consequently, cohort affiliation
and environmental forces, i.e. period effects, can explain differences in death rates in different firm populations.
相似文献
Marcus BoxEmail: |
18.
Richard J. Arend 《Small Business Economics》2009,33(2):189-206
We analyze how an incumbent defends its competitive advantage with a focus on the under-examined methods of actively defending
against the threats posed by rival innovation. We describe, delineate and analyze the set of such defenses and their likely
effects. The set of such defenses differs substantially from many standard defenses, such as those aimed at defeating the
threat of imitation. The further study of these pre-emptive innovation defenses is important because these defenses are different
and because they can substantially affect the sustainability of firm profits and the pace of different of types of innovation.
相似文献
Richard J. ArendEmail: |
19.
Our study investigates differences in CEO turnover between focused and diversified firms to determine whether diversification
strategies are necessarily associated with governance efficiency in family businesses. We find that large family CEO firms
are more likely to engage in corporate diversification than are small non-family CEO firms and their CEOs are seldom replaced.
Large family CEO diversified firms also have lower turnover sensitivity relative to focused firms. The results imply that
the CEOs of diversified firms have entrenched themselves, thereby increasing agency costs within family businesses. However,
we fail to find diversification discounts in family businesses. It is interesting that CEOs tend to diversify their businesses
in order to decrease firm risk. Founding families favor risk-reducing decisions in order to maintain family wealth and prestige;
suggesting that family businesses are more interested in survival than growth. Although family businesses may benefit from
risk reduction, a negative relationship between diversification level and CEO turnover is still evidence of poor corporate
governance. Agency theory may not completely account for the adoption of diversification strategies in family businesses and
corporate diversification may weaken the effectiveness of internal monitoring mechanisms.
相似文献
Wen-Hsien TsaiEmail: |
20.
This article investigates the role played by one type of firm interaction, namely R&D cooperation, and also the acquisition
of labor, in the promotion of industrial innovations. We employ a unique innovation dataset from Finland which combines firm
specific information about the innovation performance of the firms along with their individual characteristics, as well as
firm specific information regarding the origins of their recent labor acquisitions. Analyzing this data allows us to identify
the different roles which the knowledge spillovers and labor markets play in the innovation process. Our results suggest that
small firms are generally more innovative than large firms; R&D cooperation is an essential feature of innovation, but the
variety of cooperation is of little importance; and labor acquisition appears to be only of limited importance for innovation.
相似文献
Philip McCannEmail: |