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20世纪80年代初期,我国的台湾地区完成了第一次人口转变,接着很快步入第二次人口转变阶段.与其他发展中国家和地区相比,台湾的人口转变具有早且快的特点.本文运用人口转变理论分析战后台湾人口转变的过程,探讨其发生的原因,对我国大陆未来人口政策的研制具有一定的参照与思考价值. 相似文献
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中国的人口转变过程错综复杂,目前对人口转变所处阶段仍有不同观点,但不可否认中国的人口转变有其特殊性:与西方国家相比,中国人口转变是一个快速的过程且低生育率带有外生性。中国的人口转变问题在给我国提出挑战的同时,也带来了不可多得的发展机遇——人口红利。 相似文献
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马克思认为人口“是一个具有许多规定和关系的丰富的总体”①。人口发展就是具有许多规定和关系的、内容丰富的发展过程。随同工业化一起进行的人口转变,也是一个具有丰富的人口和经济社会内涵的发展过程。我们可以把这种转变主要归纳为人口数量增长转变、人口年龄结构转变、人口空间分布转变、人口社会结构转变等“四项”转变。当然还有其他方面的转变。这四项转变和人口的三大变动(自然变动、机械变动、社会变动)既相联系,又相区别,不可替代。每一项转变都是三大变动共同作用的结果,而每一大变动,又都受四项转变的共同制约。人口的这四项… 相似文献
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马克思认为人口"是一个具有许多规定和关系的丰富的总体"人口发展就是具有许多规定和关系的、内容丰富的发展过程.随同工业化一起进行的人口转变,也是一个具有丰富的人口和经济社会内涵的发展过程.我们可以把这种转变主要归纳为人口数量增长转变、人口年龄结构转变、人口空间分 相似文献
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本文基于改进的索罗模型和生命周期假说,探讨了人口年龄结构对储蓄率的影响。研究发现少年抚养比对储蓄率有显著的负向影响,老年抚养比对储蓄率有负向影响但不显著。所以,针对我国即将步入老龄化社会的现实,本研究提出人口年龄结构应与经济增长方式转变和医疗卫生改革相结合,走一条具有中国特色的人口道路。 相似文献
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基于济南市第六次人口普查数据,从济南市人口数量、人口结构、人口素质、人口空间分布和人口城镇化水平等方面阐述人口发展的新特点,从人口城镇化、人口发展与经济转型、人口老龄化与工业化发展失衡和人口计生工作等方面分析了济南市人口服务管理面临的问题,并提出应利用低生育率水平改善人口结构,推动人口发展宏观管理实现"三个转变",推动流动人口与城市融合,以有效提升济南市人口发展管理水平。 相似文献
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Taiwan's manufacturing SMEs have played an important role in promoting trade, creating jobs, and developing certain industries. Yet, they might not have performed uniformly over time, nor always looked alike. This paper explores the changing position and the source of changes of Taiwan's SMEs during the last three decades. We have found, first, that the industrial development in the 1960s was attributable more to larger firms than SMEs. It was in the 1970s and after that SMEs gained competitiveness consistently. Second, among SMEs, the smallest firms employing fewer than 10 persons became progressively less important in Taiwan's manufacturing sector until the last sub-period between 1986 and 1991. Medium-sized firms, employing 10 to 99 persons, performed very well over time. As the survival principle suggests, keen competition assures efficiency among SMEs. Then, a quick response to market signals is also vital for survival. An industrial policy not against SMEs may be the best that SMEs can expect. A stable macroeconomic environment combined with an open market having low entry barriers and low transaction costs provides the best opportunity for SMEs to grow. The Changing Competitiveness of Taiwan's Manufacturing SMEs to grow. 相似文献
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在ECFA背景下,大陆与台湾之间的经贸合作必将进一步深化,此时研究台湾证券市场对大陆企业的制度开放问题具有重要的现实意义。本文认为,同属于"亚洲四小龙"的香港在经济发展历程、经济发展战略上与台湾都非常相似,而资本市场从一开始就是附属于实体经济的,是为了满足实体经济资金融通需求而发展起来的,因此,香港证券市场的成功发展策略对台湾证券市场具有很好的借鉴意义。本文研究了内地与香港CE-PA协议及其附加协议中对大陆企业融资开放的规制,认为大陆与台湾可以在ECFA附加协议的框架内达成台湾证券市场对大陆企业的融资开放,并进一步研究融资开放过程中相关法律法规的协调、有效监管体系的构建等制度构建问题。 相似文献
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经济社会发展的不平衡性;计划生育政策及其实施效果的地区差异;自然地理条件的殊异;以及民族文化的反差,是影响东西部人口再生产及其转变的重要致因,四个因素的共同作用决定了东西部人口再生产状况及其转变差距。 相似文献
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台湾地区是亚洲经济腾飞的四小龙之一,其完备的审计法制大抵充任着"监督预算执行、审核财务收支与审定决算、稽查不法、考核财务效能以及核定财务责任"的角色,台湾地区审计制度大多围绕着立法论而展开,保障着经济顺利有序地发展。台湾地区政府审计由传统的财务合法性审计,朝向兼重财务效能性的绩效评估审计,这可说是台湾地区审计制度的立法形成与发展完善的一大进步。 相似文献
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李风雨 《中国对外贸易(英文版)》2011,(10)
大陆和台湾的两岸关系一直在曲折向前发展.随着全球化的趋势,两岸关系也悄然发生变化.本文从大陆与台湾的贸易关系来看两岸关系,并对两岸关系未来走向进行预测. 相似文献
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通过对1973~1992年新台币汇率变化与台湾出口之间的关系两个变量的单位根检验和协整分析,得出以下结论:台湾的汇率与其出口之间不存在长期稳定的协整关系,新台币的升值没有立即抑制台湾的出口,并且也未对其产生滞后影响,从而打破了传统理论认为货币升值会抑制出口并增加进口的说法.新台币汇率的变动及结果给人民币汇率的调整提供了借鉴意义. 相似文献
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Cliff Waldman 《Business Economics》2005,40(4):32-45
China appears to be at the edge of an historic demographic
transition, setting the country on a path to
grow old before it becomes prosperous. This paper presents
a detailed picture of the current population dynamic
and analyzes the implications for economic prospects.
The results indicate that China is not yet at the stage of
development where population changes matter a great
deal for economic growth. But when that time comes,
perhaps in a decade or so, demographic changes will
have a profound influence not only on economic growth
but on China’s global competitiveness.
JEL Classification J100, J190, O530 相似文献
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Mexico is in the midst of an unprecedented demographic transition that is changing the size and age structure of its population.
The most salient demographic change—and clearly the precursor of most other demographic changes—is the abrupt decline in the
country’s fertility rate from 6.5 in the early 1970s to the current 2.2 mark, one of the fastest declines in the world. This
dramatic reduction of fertility rates has created a “boom generation” that is currently in its prime working years and that
will gradually age and retire. As Mexico experiences sub-replacement fertility rates over the next decades, old-age dependency
ratios will escalate to unprecedented levels, carrying significant economic implications, both in Mexico and in the United
States. After reviewing the economic literature on the link between demographics and economics, this paper attempts to shed
some light on the relationship between Mexico’s demographic patterns and economic development since 1950, offering possible
explanations for the apparent lack of an expected connection. The paper then discusses the implications of Mexico’s demographic
projections on both sides of the border. 相似文献
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have become increasingly popular in recent decades, having caused concern among scholars of various areas. Our line of research focuses on the determinants of SMEs' market share. This study explores the topic base on Taiwan's manufacturers' data collected in 1991. Our empirical results indicate that Taiwan has witnessed SMEs becoming prosperous in manufacturing industries with higher relative labor productivity, low entry barriers, prosperous subcontracting activities, and young ages. Our results indicate that, in the transitory process of industrial development, Taiwan's SMEs no longer can afford high wage payments when at the same time the quality of labor does not increase accordingly. As Taiwan approaches the status of a developed economy, the beneficiaries of export activities have changed. Unlike 1986, in 1991 there was a smaller share of SMEs in Taiwan's export oriented industries. Furthermore, SMEs benefited from their efforts to increase their automation status. The emphasis on issues concerning environmental protection proved to be another source of entry barrier that kept SMEs from prospering. Certain similarities arise when comparing our conclusions with those of the U.S., Canada, Germany, and Japan, all of whom represent industrialized countries. We can conclude that as Taiwan matures in her industrial development process, SMEs also struggle to a certain maturity in theirs. 相似文献
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中小企业作为一个国家或地区经济发展与科技进步的重要力量,已经得到了各个国家和地区的高度重视。我国台湾地区经济腾飞的一个重要经验就是十分重视对中小企业的扶持。台湾地区中小企业在进行对外直接投资方面取得了很大的成功。本文分析了台湾地区中小企业对外直接投资的特点,总结出了其对外直接投资的成功经验,旨在对我国中小企业的发展提供些有益的借鉴。 相似文献