确保进口废物原料检验检疫监管有效性

进口废物原料是一种高风险的重点敏感商品,具有较大的环境、健康和安全卫生风险性。目前,山东已有8个进口废物原料的国家一类开放海港口岸,进口废物原料检验检疫监管工作具有“点多、线长、面宽”的特点。长期以来,山东检验检疫局高度重视进口废物原料检验检疫监管工作,以科学发展观为统领,深入贯彻落实《进口可用作原料的固体废物检验检疫监督管理办法》等一系列法律法规和文件精神,以开展“质量和安全年”活动为契机,忠实履行保国安民的神圣职责,坚决拒不合格的废物原料于国门之外,为人民生命财产安全、国家环境安全和国内经济又好又快发展保驾护航。     

出具进口废物原料装运前检验证书应规范

进口废物原料的检验检疫因涉及环保、卫生、安全等重要项目,一直受到各级政府和部门的高度重视,做好进口废物原料装运前检验检疫工作是拒有毒有害物品于国门之外的有效途径.     

进口废物原料视频监控新检管模式的探索

针对如何既严格把好进口废物原料的检验检疫关,把洋垃圾拒于国门之外,又确实服务企业的问题,本文根据广州河南港口岸的特点,阐述了利用视频监控对进口废钢实行"直装直卸"和对进口废纸实行厂区视频监控新检管模式在减轻企业负担,减少码头压力,加快口岸通关速度的作用,并对应用新检管模式检验检疫进口废物原料进行了风险分析,认为视频监控新检管模式运用于检验检疫广州钢铁集团和广州造纸厂的进口废钢、废纸风险较低,并能取得巨大的社会效益和经济效益.     

对“洋垃圾”说不——北仑检验检疫局通关中心办事处进口废物原料检验检疫工作纪实

北仑检验检疫局通关中心办事处作为设立在港口一线的口岸查验机构,承担了宁波口岸近70%的废物原料查验工作量,今年1-8月份共检验检疫进口废物原料15644批,182万吨,货值8亿多美元。多年来,无论寒冬酷暑、风吹日晒,检验检疫人员在堆积如山的废物原料中穿梭,履行着为国把关的神圣职责。在他们的辛勤工作下,一批批环保不合格、放射性超标的废物原料被拒之门外,一家家进出口企业因为快捷高效的通关环境而节约成本提高效益。     

对一批进口废油的检验检疫适用法律问题的探讨

为防止境外废物污染我国环境，保护人体健康，维护生态安全，促进经济社会可持续性发展，我国制定了一系列的法律法规，把进口废旧原料列入我国检验检疫的重点敏感商品之列。随着全球经济的发展，进口废旧原料种类繁多，新废旧原料层出不穷，现有进口废物污染防治的法律法规在某些方面已不能满足进口废旧原料监督管理工作的需要。笔者列举一批进口废旧原料“使用过的油脂”在行政执法过程中所遇到的若干问题加以分析，为今后进一步做好进口废旧原料的监督管理工作提供参考。     

进口废物原料虚假提单的识别

提单（Bill of Loading）是国际贸易和国际海上运输中最重要的单证之一。一方面,对于贸易各方来说,提单是货物所有权的凭证,谁掌握了提单,谁就拥有了货物的所有权。另一方面,对于检验检疫监管部门来说,提单是确定检验检疫监管内容和方式的重要依据。进口废物原料是一种高风险的重点敏感商品,国家有关部门对其采取了进口许可、装运前检验、供货商注册登记等管理措施,这些措施很大程度上需要借助提单信息才能得以有效实施。一些企业据此向检验检疫机构报检时提供虚假提单,     

从非关税壁垒观点解读我国进口废物原料检验检疫工作

本文从非关税壁垒的视角出发,全面解读了我国进口废物原料检验检疫体系。具体阐述了该体系所具有的技术性贸易壁垒,卫生与植物卫生措施,进口许可等三种形式的特点。     

进口废物原料国内收货人注册审核中需注意的几个问题

进口废物原料检验检疫和监管工作是一项非常敏感的政策性和技术性很强的工作。目前，我国在资源保障、生态建设和环境保护方面面临着十分严峻的形势。从资源保障角度来看，我国可利用原生资源相对匮乏，资源总量严重不足。而进口废物原料由于成本低、利润高，经过适当加工作为我国工业生产的补充原料，     

你需要知道的

企业资质、废物类别有限制 我国禁止进口不能用作原料或者不能以无害化方式利用的固体废物;对可以用作原料的固体废物则实行限制进口和自动许可进口分类管理。国务院环境保护行政主管部门会同国务院对外贸易主管部门、国务院经济综合宏观调控部门、海关总署、国务院质量监督检验检疫部门制定、调整并公布禁止进口、限制进口和自动许可进口的固体废物目录。     

宁波口岸进口废物原料监管做法示例

进口废物原料是可用作原料的固体废物的简称,因其货杂、高环境污染风险等原因常常被蒙上一个神秘而敏感的面纱,一些不理解的人甚至直接将进口废物原料和"洋垃圾"挂钩。我国允许进口的固体废物,其实是国外经过分选或处理的原料,实质是来自国外固体废物回收行业、经过回收、分类、包装的可利用的再生资源,是对我国原材料的有益补充,在一定程度上缓解了国内原材料供应紧张的状况,对我国经济发展日益起到重要作用;而且进口废物原料加工利用可以解决一部分人的就业问题;另一方面使用废物原料比使用初级资源成本要小得多,因此严格控制进口并且合理利用进口废物原料作为资源可以降低环境污染。该篇文章从进口废物原料的定义及分类等分析了进口废物原料的利用风险及控制现状,以宁波口岸进口废物原料为例,介绍了宁波检验检疫局的方法、做法,为有效监管进口废物原料提供一些建议。     

自由贸易与贸易保护主义——公平与效率问题

当今世界 ,贸易自由化成为世界经济发展的主流 ,降低关税和非关税壁垒成为各国双边和多边谈判的主要议题。自由贸易与贸易保护主义的争论由来已久 ,自由贸易的效率以及产生的不公平问题用“补偿原则”来解决是存在局限性的 ,所以 ,自由贸易和贸易保护主义之间政策的权衡十分必要。解决贸易自由化中不公平的问题应从政府制定规则、完善社会保障和建立社会道德标准三方面加以着手。     

INNOVATION AND GROWTH WITH RICH AND POOR CONSUMERS

This work studies the impact of income inequality on the level of innovative activities in a model where innovations result in quality improvements. In contrast to the standard model of innovations and growth, the equilibrium outcome may be characterized by a situation where not only the quality leader but also producers of worse qualities are on the market. In that case the quality leader sells to the rich, whereas the producer of the second‐best quality sells to the poor. In general, we find that a more equal distribution of income is favourable for innovation incentives. This is consistent with empirical evidence suggesting that countries with a more equal distribution of income have grown faster.     

OPTIMAL CONSUMPTION AND PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH INCOMPLETE MARKETS AND UPPER AND LOWER BOUND CONSTRAINTS

We study an optimal consumption and portfolio selection problem for an investor by a martingale approach. We assume that time is a discrete and finite horizon, the sample space is finite and the number of securities is smaller than that of the possible securities price vector transitions. the investor is prohibited from investing stocks more (less, respectively) than given upper (lower) bounds at any time, and he maximizes an expected time additive utility function for the consumption process. First we give a set of budget feasibility conditions so that a consumption process is attainable by an admissible portfolio process. Also we state the existence of the unique primal optimal solutions. Next we formulate a dual control problem and establish the duality between primal and dual control problems. Also we show the existence of dual optimal solutions. Finally we consider the computational aspect of dual approach through a simple numerical example.     

论货币与金银货币

关于货币产生过程 ,理论界根据马克思的《资本论》 ,普遍认为应划分为四个阶段 ,把货币阶段与金银货币阶段等同起来 ,认为货币即金银货币。本文提出了新观点 :认为根据有关的资料 ,也可以把货币的产生过程划分为五个阶段 ,不把货币与金银货币划等号 ,认为货币的产生应早于金银货币 ,并阐明了提出以上新观点的依据。     

DEFAULT RISK AND DIVERSIFICATION: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS

Recent advances in the theory of credit risk allow the use of standard term structure machinery for default risk modeling and estimation. The empirical literature in this area often interprets the drift adjustments of the default intensity's diffusion state variables as the only default risk premium. We show that this interpretation implies a restriction on the form of possible default risk premia, which can be justified through exact and approximate notions of "diversifiable default risk." The equivalence between the empirical and martingale default intensities that follows from diversifiable default risk greatly facilitates the pricing and management of credit risk. We emphasize that this is not an equivalence in distribution, and illustrate its importance using credit spread dynamics estimated in Duffee (1999) . We also argue that the assumption of diversifiability is implicitly used in certain existing models of mortgage-backed securities.     

SIMPLE PROCESSES AND THE PRICING AND HEDGING OF CLIQUETS

For data on market prices for 246 cliquets we consider pricing these exotic options using a relatively simple path space. The path space is subsequently stressed to market implied stress levels as well as stress levels predicted from contract characteristics. An additive process transitioning from a Sato process to a Levy process is formulated and estimated on vanilla options. Ask prices constructed from predicted stress levels are observed to have an in sample correlation of 92% with market prices. Interestingly, it is observed that capped cash flows have negative stress levels while uncapped products have positive stress levels. We illustrate the effect of hedging cliquet liabilities using call options as hedging assets permitting a 10% reduction in ask prices.     

电子政务与电子商务的同构与协同

本文基于电子政务与电子商务的基本内涵,详细分析了二者的"同构"、交集与关联,阐述了二者协同发展的思路和途径.本文分析了电子政务与电子商务的支撑体系(信用管理体系、法律环境、标准体系、基础管理体系等)的"同构"性、电子政务与电子商务在对外服务方面上的的交叉部分,以及电子政务与电子商务互促互进共同繁荣的发展路径和远景思路.     

我国石油天然气会计存在的问题及其改进

统一的会计制度不能够反映石油天然气会计的特殊性,海外上市的石油公司虽然采用国际通用的成果法,但在某些具体处理上仍然存在缺陷。为提高会计信息的决策相关性,应在储量信息报告等诸多方面对我国的石油天然气会计予以完善     

UNCERTAINTY AND EXPECTATIONS IN SHACKLE'S THEORY OF CAPITAL AND INTEREST

This paper is focused on the macroeconomic aspects of Shackle's theory of capital and interest. The paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of this theory. Among the strengths is Shackle's treatment of historical time, expectations and their disappointment, ex ante and ex post magnitudes, macroeconomic equilibrium and disequilibrium. Among the weaknesses is Shackle's failure to grasp the difference between the theory of interest as such and the theory of the money rate of interest as well as the difference between the theory of capital in the context of logical time (the old Austrian approach) and the theory of capital in the context of historical time (Hayek's and Shackle's preferred approach).

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