枸橼酸杆菌属的一个新种及其研究

从待出口冻兔肉中检出一株疑似枸橼酸杆菌新种的细菌,对其进行相关种属的鉴定研究,以确定该菌分类地位.采用伯杰氏系统细菌学手册细菌分类鉴定方法及分子生物学手段,对该菌进行培养特性、生化反应、血清凝集、噬菌体裂解、PCR鉴定和16SrRNA基因测序等研究.结果显示该菌与沙门氏菌O65诊断血清有单边交叉凝集,其O和H抗血清效价高,但与所有沙门氏菌代表株不凝集.噬菌体裂解试验证实该菌为枸橼酸杆菌,PCR阴性试验证实该菌非沙门氏菌.该菌生化反应符合枸橼酸杆菌属定义,但与已知¨种枸橼酸杆菌均有明显不同.同时,16S rRNA基因测序结果表明该菌与已知枸橼酸杆菌基因种(genomospecies)不同.所以,该菌为枸橼酸杆菌属的新种,暂名为滨州枸橼酸杆菌(Citrobacterbinzhou)简写为C.binzhou.     

菌落粗糙型大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]从内蒙古某地区的大豆蛋白中分离到了一株菌落粗糙型大肠杆菌,对该菌进行鉴定.[方法]通过生理生化试验.[结果]与常见的典型大肠杆菌相比,该菌有其独特之处在固体培养基中,菌落干燥、扁平、表面粗糙;在液体培养基中,上清液清亮并有颗粒状沉淀,摇动沉淀不能完全散开.除此之外,该菌的其它特性均符合典型大肠杆菌的特征.[结论]该菌为菌落变异(由光滑型转变为粗糙型)的大肠杆菌.     

入境缅甸水产品病原微生物感染携带情况调查

[目的]了解入境缅甸水产品中病原微生物的污染情况,掌握各类入境水产品的疫病疫情动态,为口岸入境食品的监测预警和分类管理提供科学依据.[方法]采用国标和检验检疫行标方法进行实验室检测.[结果]从进口鲜鳝鱼及其包装箱内水样中检出O139群霍乱弧菌6批、O1群小川血清型霍乱弧菌1批.从进口冰冻鱼、冰冻虾中检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7 34批,从进口冰冻鱼中检出单增李斯特菌27批,从进口冰冻鱼、冰冻牡蛎鱿鱼和鲜螃Ζ蟹、鲜海螺中检出副溶血性弧菌52批,从进口冰冻带鱼中检出异尖线虫73批,病原微生物合计检出率冰冻鱼为13.8%,冰冻虾为9.2%,牡蛎等其他冰冻水产品为0.3%,鲜螃蟹为8%,鲜鳝鱼为3.8%,海螺等其他鲜活水产品为0.2%.[结论]从缅甸进口的各类水产品中病原微生物的感染携带情况有明显不同,在口岸检验过程中针对不同的品种,选择性地开展实施检验项目,不仅可以提高检测准确性,降低检验检疫风险,还可以减少重复劳动,节约检验成本.     

入境缅甸水产品病原微生物感染携带情况调查

[目的]了解入境缅甸水产品中病原微生物的污染情况,掌握各类入境水产品的疫病疫情动态,为口岸入境食品的监测预警和分类管理提供科学依据.[方法]采用国标和检验检疫行标方法进行实验室检测.[结果]从进口鲜鳝鱼及其包装箱内水样中检出O139群霍乱弧菌6批、O1群小川血清型霍乱弧菌1批.从进口冰冻鱼、冰冻虾中检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7 34批,从进口冰冻鱼中检出单增李斯特菌27批,从进口冰冻鱼、冰冻牡蛎鱿鱼和鲜螃Ζ蟹、鲜海螺中检出副溶血性弧菌52批,从进口冰冻带鱼中检出异尖线虫73批,病原微生物合计检出率冰冻鱼为13.8%,冰冻虾为9.2%,牡蛎等其他冰冻水产品为0.3%,鲜螃蟹为8%,鲜鳝鱼为3.8%,海螺等其他鲜活水产品为0.2%.[结论]从缅甸进口的各类水产品中病原微生物的感染携带情况有明显不同,在口岸检验过程中针对不同的品种,选择性地开展实施检验项目,不仅可以提高检测准确性,降低检验检疫风险,还可以减少重复劳动,节约检验成本.     

The Cuban market:: Opportunities and barriers

To open our feature on business in Cuba, Kaplowitz presents a brief overview of the dramatic changes in the Cuban market since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989. Until 1988, 85% of Cuban two-way trade was with the former Soviet Union, but by 1993 the COMECON nations accounted for only 20% of Cuban trade. The resulting chaos has created openings for Latin American, European and Canadian businesses to fill the investment void in Cuba. Kaplowitz lays out how recent developments have affected Cuban laws on foreign investment and trade, reviews which foreign companies are barkening to Cuba's call, and what the opportunities might be for U.S. businesses should relations between the two countries improve over the long-term. Her article is the first of seven articles in this feature.     

Marketing:

This exploratory study investigates the relationship between certain personal, institutional and country characteristics and the opinions of professors in developing countries on macro and micromarketing concepts and issues. The results indicate that the opinions of professors in the better-off developing countries are similar to traditional marketing views while the opinions of professors in the poorer developing countries are more radical. The study also points out the implications of these results for academcics and managers.     

Hiring hospitality faculty:: Erudition and experience

Of nearly 100 hospitality faculty membeers hired in the past three years, more than half held a doctoral degree. While the bulk of those new hires had just a year or two of hospitality work experience, many reported considerable time in the industry.     

Countertrade:

No abstract available for this article.     

招商:

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Reactance:

Frequently, public sector marketers seek to persuade individuals to engage or not engage in certain forms of behavior. However, research examining reactance suggests that certain choice-restricting messages that are conveyed in public sector promotional campaigns may actually result in promoting more of an undesired behavior or less of a desired behavior. Thus, an understanding of factors associated with reactance arousal may be critical to the overall success of promotional efforts undertaken by public sector marketers. In this paper, these factors are reviewed, and implications of reactance theory for designing promotional campaigns of non-profit and public sector organizations are discussed.