终身监禁合理性的再审视——以刑罚目的二元论为切入点

《刑法修正案(九)》第一次肯定了终身监禁的适用,明确终身监禁的法律地位是探索其合理性的前提。终身监禁虽在内容上具备刑罚属性,却并未得到普遍适用——仅局限于贪污、贿赂罪中,非新的独立刑罚种类。具备刑罚属性的终身监禁须符合刑罚目的要求。基于刑罚目的的二元论,终身监禁不符合刑罚报应的目的,也未加强一般预防的效果,同时亦无益于特殊预防的实现。不符合刑罚目的的终身监禁,其合理性值得商榷。     

刑罚社会化制度的若干缺陷问题研究

在我国的刑法体系中，刑罚社会化制度虽然已经普遍建立，但是，随着法治的不断发展，其很多缺陷也日益凸现。本文以我国刑罚社会化的类型划分为基础，从管制、缓刑、假释、暂予监外执行等四个方面对刑罚社会化制度的若干缺陷问题进行了系统研究并提出了若干立法建议。     

论刑事审前分流机制的建立

在我国的刑事诉讼构造中，审前程序的设置不符合诉讼经济和刑法谦抑原则的要求。为了更好地贯彻惩办与宽大相结合的刑事政策，切实保护诉讼各方的利益，需要在现有刑事诉讼过滤机制的基础上，建立起更富成效的刑事审前分流机制，以简化程序提高效率。     

论刑事政策

刑事政策是指国家或执政党依据犯罪态势对犯罪行为和犯罪人运用刑罚和有关措施以期有效地实现惩罚和预防犯罪目的的方案。刑事政策的制定原则包括四个方面：一是法制原则，二是科学原则，三是谦抑原则，四是国际原则。刑事政策制定的依据主要有两个：一是现实根据，即犯罪变迁；二是理论根据，即犯罪学说。     

楚简所述“礼治”问题初探

20世纪,长江中下游及周边地区出土了大量楚简,对研究我国先秦时期的历史、文化等,具有重要的补充意义。楚简指出,礼作为道德行为规范,是治民尤为重要的施政工具。相对于刑罚,礼的施政作用更为思想家所重视。透过楚简的"礼治"思想,又能够看到孔子之后,儒家思孟学派的某些思想特点。     

侦查理论研究的两种新视角

从侦查基本理论范畴所具有的意义出发，“纯粹侦查学”和“刑事司法系统”为两种新的研究视角。通过区分事实和法律两个范畴，“纯粹侦查学’’的研究视角认为侦查主要解决事实问题，“刑事司法系统”的研究视角对侦查的功能进行了新的界说。     

他山之石 可以攻玉——中、日、美企业精神比较

一、日、美企业精神比较日本在第二次世界人战后,很快崛起了,使不少人纷纷研究“日本成功之谜”。美国环太平洋研究所所长弗兰克·吉布尼指出,日本取得经济成功的真正原因,乃是将古老的儒家伦理与战后由美国引入的现代经济民主主义两者揉合在一起,并加以巧妙应用。形成了东西合壁的日本“儒家资本主义”: ·以人为中心的“人力资本”思想; ·和谐高于一切的人际关系; ·高产乃为善的劳动道德观; 他认为以人为中心与资本,和谓与企业竞争,为善与利润这些观念的结合,是日本经济发达的不容忽视的因素。     

短信诈骗犯罪行为的心理剖析及防治

短信诈骗犯罪具有多样性、高科技性、隐蔽性、团伙性、低成本性等行为特征，从心理结构上分析，主要是犯罪人具有强烈的物欲和贪利动机，并与受害人具有互动性，智力水平高、意志力强，法律意识淡漠、缺乏道德感，团伙犯罪意识较强等心理罪因。应适当加大刑事处罚力度，强化刑罚的正面心理效应；提高适用刑罚的及时性和确定性，消除犯罪人的侥幸心理；排除和减少主体外环境中的消极因素，防止该种犯罪心理的形成，并强化对犯罪者的心理矫治，达到防治效果。     

进步中的缺陷——对我国死刑制度的几点看法

修订后的我国刑法典在死刑制度上较过去有了一定程度的进步，但也存在着一些严重的问题：一是重刑化倾向明显，与现代刑法的发展趋势不协调，二是在死刑配置上还存在着不公平不合理的现象，没能在立法上真正做到法律面前人人平等。本文还从几个方面对我国刑法中死刑过多的主要原因和危害提出了自己的见解。     

单位与自然人共同经济犯罪的司法认定探究

单位与自然人共同实施经济犯罪的案件中,对单位与自然人实现正确、合理的定罪量刑应当遵循以下规则:在定罪方面,若单位与自然人所涉罪名不同,应当区分情况、分别认定;在量刑方面,应当先确定单位与自然人分别在何种范围(即多少数额)内承担刑事责任,再根据各自的起刑点与量刑标准进行刑罚裁量。     

侦查讯问之制度性问题研究

近年来，侦查讯问中犯罪嫌疑人的权益保障问题得到了广泛的关注，诸多的理论研究显示出各界对侦查讯问工作的认识存在着一定的偏差。因此，本文以侦查讯问工作的制度性问题为切入点，考察了刑事诉讼对侦查讯问的价值定位，以及现行的诉讼证明模式和侦查政策等制度性问题对侦查讯问工作带来的实质性影响，并从这些制度性问题的内在基础出发，阐述了侦查讯问制度改革应当注意的诸多问题。     

User perception of transfers in multimodal urban trips: A qualitative study

The aim of this article is to identify the factors affecting user perception of transfers in order to reduce the penalty associated with transfers. Policy makers can thus concentrate on the most relevant factors to achieve a more effective investment of public funds. We carried out an extensive review of the literature and identified a total of 45 factors. A qualitative study was then conducted in two Spanish cities, Vitoria and Madrid, consisting of various focus groups stratified by age. The results indicate that a combination of factors influence the perception of transfers. Time spent during transfers, both walking and waiting, is the main penalty associated with transfers. However, the provision of real-time passenger information helps reduce the perceived waiting time. Differences were found between cities and age groups. Two new factors were identified, mainly in Madrid: mental effort and activity disruption. We, therefore, advise policy makers to concentrate their efforts on providing real-time information to passengers, improving the frequency and reliability of services, and designing transfer areas to ensure continuity between transport modes and between information and communication systems.     

刑事调解制度在我国构建的文化与理论基础——从构建和谐社会的视角

任何一种法律制度的存在都根植于一定的文化与理论基础之上，刑事调解制度也不例外。研究刑事调解制度构建的文化与理论基础，可以为刑事调解制度的构建提供理论上的支持与制度设计上的参考；而刑事调解制度的成功构建，能够有效地促进我国刑事司法的人性化，更好地推动我国和谐社会的建设与发展。     

Aviation insurance and the implementation of the small aircraft transportation system

Aviation insurance is a unique field from a business, legal, and regulatory standpoint. Issues such as risk management, contracts, and liability raise particular challenges within this highly specialized market. The implementation of the small aircraft transportation system (SATS), as envisioned by NASA and its industry and academic partners entails a thorough analysis of aviation insurance to determine whether the current market structure could support this major policy initiative. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the current legal, regulatory, and market environments on the implementation and development of SATS. The primary goal is to determine what obstacles these conditions would raise vis-à-vis SATS’ implementation. We also seek to identify strategies, alternatives, and regulatory policies that would help achieve a successful transition to a modern, efficient, and fully developed market for small aircraft transportation services.     

构建我国法律职业共同体的思考

目前，我国尚未形成现代意义的法律职业共同体。构建与现代法治要求相契合的法律职业共同体，已成为当代中国实现法治的关键。本文从探析法律职业共同体在法治社会中的作用入手，分析了我国法律职业的现状，提出了构建我国法律职业共同体的初步设想。     

Attitudes of public light bus drivers to penalties to combat red light violations in Hong Kong

Red light violation is a serious driving offense because of the crash risk and injury severity with which it is associated. In 2006, in Hong Kong both the fine and driver demerit penalty for red light violations were increased to combat the increasing trend of red light violation offenses. Public light bus (PLB) drivers constitute one of the most problematic driver groups because of their high rate of driving offenses and involvement in crashes. This study employed a stated preference (SP) survey to investigate the perceptions of PLB drivers and their attitudes towards the increase in the fine and driver demerit penalty imposed for red light violations, and to measure the influence of these penalties on deterring red light violations by using a multinomial logit model. Possible interventions by driver demographics and the operational characteristics of PLBs in the sensitivity measures were revealed through market segmentation analyses. Both the fine and the driver demerit penalty were significant in deterring PLB drivers from committing red light violations. In addition, the market segmentation analyses found age, marital status, educational level, income level, vehicle class, employment structure, and salary system to be significantly associated with perceptions of the increase in the fine and penalty among the drivers.     

农村犯罪黑数问题的法律思考

农村社会中存在的犯罪黑数是建设社会主义和谐社会的阻碍因素之一。农村犯罪黑数较高的原因有多种。要降低农村社会的犯罪黑数，必须加强社会主义法治教育，遏制、打击宗族势力在农村的发展，充实农村的警力配置以及消除受害人自身对刑事案件隐匿不报的错误认识。     

论警察权的重构

现代法治的核心是制约国家权力，保障公民权利。建立在市场经济基础之上的法治政府必然要求规范、限制警察权，从而最大限度地保障公民权。随着传统体制向社会主义市场经济的转型，我国当前警察权力结构体系中与建设法治政府目标不协调的方面日益凸显。因此，从对警察权的规制入手，探讨以建立社会主义民主法治为目的、以市场经济要求为导向的警察权的重新构建就显得非常重要。     

Container fleet sizing and empty repositioning in liner shipping systems

This paper considers the joint container fleet sizing and empty container repositioning problem in multi-vessel, multi-port and multi-voyage shipping systems with dynamic, uncertain and imbalanced customer demands. The objective is to minimize the expected total costs including inventory-holding costs, lifting-on/lifting-off costs, transportation costs, repositioning costs, and lost-sale penalty costs. A simulation-based optimization tool is developed to optimize the container fleet size and the parameterized empty repositioning policy simultaneously. The optimization procedure is based on Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Strategy combined with an adjustment mechanism. Case studies are given to demonstrate the results.     

Transport policy in Australia—Evolution,learning and policy transfer

Urban transport policy in Australia has changed markedly over the period since the first generation of modern urban transport strategies were published in the 1960s. This is illustrated through a review of 43 transport strategies published for the five largest cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide) in Australia between 1965 and 2010. The review is complemented with observations from a survey of public servants in the policy and strategy divisions of state and territory transport agencies. The results of this research are examined using the Dolowitz–Marsh framework, considering the need to seek policy transfer, who is involved, what is transferred, from where policy lessons are learnt, the degree of transfer, constraints to policy learning and demonstration that transfer has occurred. The evidence for policy transfer and learning is mixed. Transport policy adopted by the states of Australia for their respective capital cities has been remarkably similar between the cities and has changed in a similar way over time, indicating the almost seamless transfer of concepts. Less positively, there is little published evidence that the performance of previous strategies has been critically examined and lessons learned, and that the approaches adopted in strategies are superior to alternative approaches and are able to achieve the objectives set for them.