中国农村居民收入流动性的实证研究

收入流动性在一定程度上代表机会公平，通过采用1989年至2009年CHNS数据对中国农村居民收入流动性的强弱进行考察后发现：中国农村居民收入流动性呈现下降趋势；中国农村中间阶层更易向下流动，更易跌入社会的底层，而难以跻身于高收入阶层；受教育年限、年龄等因素对收入流动性有着重要影响。因此，政府应在完善劳动力市场、增加教育支出、加大对中西部地区的财政支持力度等方面采取有效措施，以提高收入流动性，改善收入不平等这一现状。     

与收入相关的健康不平等及其动态分解 ——基于中国老年群体的实证研究

使用中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）2011年和2013年的微观数据，以中国60岁及以上老年群体为研究对象，采用Erreygers指数测度中国老年群体的健康不平等程度，并将Erreygers指数的变动进一步分解为收入增长效应、收入分布效应、收入流动效应和人口老化效应，结果表明:我国老年群体存在亲富的健康不平等，但这种健康不平等程度呈减缓趋势；收入增长效应、收入分布效应和收入流动效应在健康不平等程度减缓中发挥的作用相当，大约各占三分之一，而人口老化效应的作用极其微弱；整体而言，女性健康不平等程度大于男性，而相同年龄段的男性健康不平等程度大于女性。     

中国农村居民收入流动性的实证研究

收入流动性在一定程度上代表机会公平，通过采用1989年至2009年CHNS数据对中国农村居民收入流动性的强弱进行考察后发现：中国农村居民收入流动性呈现下降趋势；中国农村中间阶层更易向下流动，更易跌入社会的底层，而难以跻身于高收入阶层；受教育年限、年龄等因素对收入流动性有着重要影响。因此，政府应在完善劳动力市场、增加教育支出、加大对中西部地区的财政支持力度等方面采取有效措施，以提高收入流动性，改善收入不平等这一现状。     

收入流动、益贫增长与不平等

本文利用1995年、2002年、2007—2009年和2013年中国家庭收入调查（CHIP）数据，探讨了20世纪90年代以来中国城乡家庭收入流动、益贫增长与不平等变动之间的关系及其变化，其中包括城乡差异和地区差异。结果表明：中国居民收入再排序流动性和收入增长累进性的变化与经济发展和市场化改革进程密切相关，2011—2013年，收入再排序流动性和收入增长累进性的大幅下降需引起高度关注。尽管城乡家庭的收入保持较高的增长率，但收入不平等程度还没有得到有效缓解，市场因素仍然发挥着扩大收入差距的主导作用。现有的收入分配政策不利于低收入群体在经济增长过程中享受到更多的发展成果，收入流动性未能得到持续改善。新时代为落实新发展理念，要从健全经济制度着手，营造机会公平的社会环境，培育城乡统一的劳动力市场，完善税收和社会保障制度，进一步提高收入流动性、缩小收入差距，从而实现全面小康。     

收入不平等和经济增长非线性关系——中国数据的实证检验

收入不平等和经济增长的关系一直是经济学研究中的热点问题之一,尽管研究成果汗牛充栋,但仍存在诸多争论。本文在对文献综合分析的基础上,采用平滑转移模型来研究中国收入不平等和经济增长的非线性关系,并分别检验了可能是两者关系转移变量的诸多因素。研究结果表明中国收入不平等和经济增长的关系在人均收入2115元(以1978年不变价为基期)处发生转移,在此之前收入不平等对经济增长具有一定的促进作用,但在此之后,收入不平等对经济增长产生严重的损害作用。结合现状,本文也简要分析了导致该转变的原因。     

社会保险与收入流动性

本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据（CFPS），基于微观收入数据通过收入转移矩阵建立收入流动性指标，运用有序Probit模型与倾向匹配得分模型（PSM），实证检验了社会保险对收入流动性的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明：第一，社会保险的覆盖面与全面性在收入流动性中发挥着正向激励收入阶层“向上流动”的作用；第二，社会保险的五大分类保险在收入流动性上均呈现显著的正向影响；第三，无论是城市居民还是农村居民，社会保险对收入流动性的提升均具有显著的积极作用，而社会保险的全面性对农村居民收入流动性的提升效果更佳。     

09 收入不平等对经济增长的影响

本文将对经济学家们关于收入不平等对经济增长影响的相关研究进行简述，并通过对中国的分析，来说明收入不平等给经济增长带来的消极影响。 一、收入不平等促进还是抑制经济增长的研究 收入不平等对经济增长的影响，主要有两种观点。一种观点认为收入不平等为经济发展过程所必需，财富和收入的不平等为经济增长提供了动力。另一种观点则认为不平...     

我国收入分配不平等与经济增长关系的数量探析

改革开放以来,我国经济增长速度举世瞩目,但是同时收入分配不平等程度也在逐渐扩大。这说明不平等与经济增长之间可能具有一定关系。本文采用计量模型选用我国1982年到2009年的基尼系数和人均国内生产总值对不平等和经济增长进行计量分析。通过时间序列平稳性检验以及协整检验,证实了两者具有长期均衡关系。并且这种均衡关系构成了单向的因果关系——经济增长是导致收入分配不平等的Granger原因,即经济增长会促进收入分配不平等的扩大。     

互联网如何影响代际收入流动

互联网作为深刻改变了人们经济行为和生活方式的力量,是否会影响代际收入流动性?运用CFPS 2014年、2016年、2018年三个年度的微观数据,用父代子代收入对数的关联系数衡量代际收入流动,用CFPS中的网络使用情况构建了互联网使用指标,实证研究了互联网对代际收入流动的影响,并分析了异质性及作用机制。结果表明:互联网使用促进了代际收入流动,以社区使用互联网情况作为工具变量消除内生性,结果依然成立;互联网对代际收入流动的影响对农村居民、男性、西部地区作用显著。进一步研究表明,互联网通过影响社交网络、购买金融产品、提升技能等渠道促进代际收入流动。     

收入不平等与经济增长的经济分析:文献述评

本文研究了收入不平等的近期文献,探讨了收入不平等现象与经济增长关系.在经济增长过程中,一般来说,不平等对经济增长有害.然而,当谈到富裕国家收入分配的上限时,更高的不平等促进经济增长,而且这种关系变得积极.另外,在社会福利方面,通常认为是收入不平等增加,社会普遍福利将减少;但至少目前来看,随着经济的快速增长,引起了普遍社会福利的增加,可能会导致收入差距减少,一般福利下降的情况.收入不平等现象的加剧不利于国家的经济发展和社会的稳定.收入不平等对经济增长并不必然具有负面效应,也不一定使得社会福利的整体水平下降.但如何减少收入不平等才能实现包容性增长是一个值得研究的重要议题.     

Understanding Income Inequality in China: A Multi-Angle Perspective

Economic reforms have brought about spectacular growth and vast improvements of people’s living standards in China since 1978. In the meantime, unbalanced regional growth and income inequality have become two important concerns of future development. Most available studies on income distribution have either focused on the rural population or on the urban citizens. This paper stresses the importance of adopting a multi-angle approach to fully understand income inequality in China. We first use some top-down information to form a general picture of inequality for the whole country, and then use some bottom-up household survey data to explain in detail the development of inequality over time regarding rural/urban inequality, rural inequality, urban inequality and inter-regional inequality, the relative importance of different income sources to overall inequality. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ethnic Disparities in Neighbourhood Selection: Understanding the Role of Income

Resurgent fears that segregation could undermine the cohesion, prosperity and security of British society require re‐examining how ethnicity and economic resources interact to structure the types of neighbourhoods people relocate to when they move. This article uses the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study and 2011 census data to assess how ethnicity and income intersect to stratify the ethnic and socio‐economic composition of the neighbourhoods people move to in England and Wales. The results suggest that greater access to resources allows people from most ethnic groups to act on shared residential preferences by moving to more advantaged locales. Furthermore, higher incomes accelerate ethnic deconcentration by carrying Asians into neighbourhoods with a greater share of White Britons. However, there is also considerable inertia and ethnic inequality in neighbourhood destinations. The geography of local opportunity structures constrains the types of neighbourhood people relocate to and ethnic minorities tend to move to less advantaged neighbourhoods than their White British peers. Although Britain is not ‘sleepwalking to segregation’, there are persistent ethnic and socio‐economic disparities in neighbourhood outcomes.     

我国的收入分配发展趋势是否为倒U形

阐述了国内外学者对库兹涅茨"倒U假说"所持的观点和认识。用我国的实际数据对库兹涅茨"倒U假说"进行了检验,认为我国的收入分配基本上不符合倒U形状,不能靠经济增长来解决收入差距的拉大问题;收入现状的改善需要政府政策的支持。     

镇江市农民收入构成特征及增收对策

新一轮农业产业结构调整以来,镇江市农民收入持续稳定增长。本文以2000～2009年镇江市农民收入构成的时序数列为分析对象,研究了农民收入构成的特征和增长源泉的变化,最后提出增加农民收入的对策建议。     

Income distribution and well‐being: what can we learn from subjective data?

Abstract. How does the income of others affect my own welfare? This survey of the empirical literature stresses the contribution of subjective data to the understanding of this issue, with an attempt to disentangle direct effects (preference interdependence) from indirect informational effects. It shows that perceived mobility is central to the link between other people's income and individual satisfaction, as it determines individual opportunities and risks. Agents also appreciate the egalitarian nature of mobility itself, so that individual welfare depends on dynamic inequality rather than static income distribution. These studies illustrate how subjective data can bring information on aspects of utility and social interactions that are beyond the scope of the method based on action‐revealed preferences.     

The Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Household Income Inequality: Some Empirical Evidence

Abstract

We investigate the effects of fiscal decentralization on income inequality using a sample of 23 OECD countries over the period 1971–2000. We utilize novel and robust measures of fiscal decentralization based on different degrees of fiscal autonomy of sub-central governments. Our results highlight the importance of both the nature of fiscal decentralization—expenditure versus revenue—and the extent to which independent spending responsibility and taxing powers are actually assigned to local governments. A higher degree of tax decentralization is associated with higher household income inequality within a country. Thus, even if fiscal decentralization could be attractive according to efficiency reasons, it may actually have undesirable consequences on the income distribution.     

全面收益会计在我国的适用性研究

随着我国证券市场的发展和投资者素质的提高,报告全面收益在我国有其必要性和可行性。文章分析了我国企业收益确定的特点,指出收益不实是我国企业收益报告中存在的严重问题。在分析了我国报告全面收益意义的基础上,对建立我国全面收益报告进行了思考。本文研究全面收益会计在我国的适用性,以期进一步推动我国财务报表体系的改进,引起人们对业绩报告改革的重视和讨论。     

Income mobility in Russia (2000–2005)

Using the data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), this paper investigates income mobility in Russia during the period of rapid economic growth (2000–2005). Employing a broad set of mobility indices, we show that there is much mobility in household incomes from one year to the next and over longer periods in Russia. Both relative and absolute mobility in Russia are significantly higher than in Western countries. We demonstrate that income growth in Russia was strongly pro-poor in 2000–2005. Incomes of the relatively poor were growing faster than incomes of the relatively rich. However, this inequality-reducing effect was almost exactly offset by changes in the relative positions of individuals and the overall reduction in cross-sectional inequality was merely modest.     

CROSS‐COUNTRY RANKINGS IN INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY: A COMPARISON OF APPROACHES FROM ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY

Abstract This paper summarizes research on the relative level of intergenerational mobility – whether classified by income, education or social class. The literatures on education and income mobility reveal a similar ranking with South America, other developing nations, southern European countries and France tending to have rather limited mobility although the Nordic countries exhibit strong mobility. Estimates of mobility based on social class point to rather different patterns, and we demonstrate that these differences are most likely generated by intergenerational earnings persistence within social classes. The second part of the paper looks for explanations for the differences in earnings and education persistence and finds that mobility is negatively correlated with inequality and the return to education but positively correlated with a nation's education spending.     

一种离散型收入分布基尼系数精确计算方法

基尼系数问世八十多年的时间里,在度量经济不平等的基尼系数指标时,最常见的是离散型收入分布,本文设计了一种离散型收入分布基尼系数计算方法,用它可以精确地求解基尼系数。