欢612块裂缝性潜山油藏油水分布规律及改善开发效果研究

文章应用三维地震、储层反演等方法,结合化验分析,老井试油试采等资料,对欢612块古潜山的裂缝发育及油水分布规律进行研究分析,总结出在断层附近裂缝比较发育,是有利的含油带。研究底水上升特点及油水界面变化规律,利用经验公式计算出水淹半径,绘制出剩余油分布图。利用侧钻等技术挖掘剩余油,有利于改善区块的开发效果。     

试论鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田的成藏机理

鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡的苏里格气田是我国目前探明的天然气地质储量最大的气田。苏里格气田的气体生成、运移和保存条件相对比较好、完整,气源岩主要为石岩。苏里格气田的有效储层主要为灰白色粗中粒石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩。苏里格气田的储集类型属孔隙性储层,孔隙类型以岩屑溶孔和粒间溶孔为主。储层具有低孔、低渗特征。二叠系海陆过渡相至陆相的含煤地层,所产生的气为成熟裂解气;气田处于油气就近运移的指向带上,利于天然气富集;砂体的储集物性横向非均质性强,构造没有对天然气形成影响,以致局部形成透镜。     

官10井区沙三段测井约束地震反演及储层描述

测井约束地震反演技术是储层描述中一项较为成熟的技术,该技术成功地将低频丰富的地震资料与高频丰富的测井资料相结合,适用于以岩性油藏为主的勘探地区,对浊积砂体发育的地区应用效果尤为明显.通过精细解释沙三中各层的构造,对该区探井和开发井进行合理的处理和标定,做好该区的地层速度统计分析,建立合理地质模型,做好反演预处理工作.提高反演资料的分辨率,识别出了沙三段的储层.从反演砂体分布形态看,物源从东南方向向前推进,形成大规模浊积扇储层的规律.本区油气藏主要受构造岩性双重控制,油气藏类型主要为自生自储的构造岩性油气藏和岩性构造油气藏.     

温西—芭蕉场地区嘉陵江组二段储层特征研究

根据川东北地区下三叠统嘉陵江组二段沉积、构造发育特点,通过对测井、钻井资料及实验室各项分析,对嘉陵江组二段储层特征进行研究。认为储层的储集岩类型为砂屑云岩、砂屑灰岩和少量的细粉晶云岩,主要储集空间为粒间孔和粒内溶孔,主要储层类型为裂缝—孔隙型,为低孔、低渗储层。储层发育的控制因素主要是沉积相、成岩作用和构造作用,其中裂缝的发育对储层的储集性能有较大改善。建议以台内滩亚相作为今后勘探的重点沉积相带。     

锦612块薄层稠油水平井挖潜研究

针对锦612兴隆台发育较薄的稠油油层,通过三维地震资料、储层反演和小层精细对比等技术对该块构造、储层以及油层分布规律进行精细研究,利用水平井技术取得了较好的勘探开发效果。     

StatModcMC反演在薄互层地震储层预测中的应用

地质统计学反演首先应用确定性反演方法得到波阻抗体,以了解储层的大致分布,并用于求取水平变差函数;然后从井点出发,井间遵从原始地震数据,通过随机模拟产生井间波阻抗,再将波阻抗转换成反射系数并与确定性反演方法求得的子波进行褶积产生合成地震道,该方法有效地综合了地质、测井和三维地震数据,反演结果是多个等概率的波阻抗数据体实现,符合输入数据的地质统计学特征并受地质模型的约束,具有测井数据的垂向分辨率高和地震数据的横向分辨率高的优势,可用于不确定性评价.     

双孔介质页岩气藏产能递减曲线动态分析

页岩气藏里的孔隙结构复杂,微孔隙普遍发育,主要储集类型可分为：裂缝和孔隙。在开采过程中,吸附在微孔隙内表面的吸附气发生解吸作用,变成游离气。在压差的作用下进入裂缝系统,以层流形式流入井筒。根据页岩气渗流机理、吸附气解吸特征和渗流理论建立双孔介质页岩气藏数学模型,并对模型求解,分析了储层模型、吸附气、表皮系数、几何因子等对气井产能变化的影响。结果表明：开发初期,地层压力差较小,吸附气解吸量较少,对气井产能影响很弱;开发后期,吸附气的解吸量增加,保证了气体的供应量,延长了气井稳产时间。     

浅谈恒速压汞法与常规压汞法优缺点

油藏勘探开发过程中，储集层岩石的孔隙结构是非常复杂的，岩石的孔隙结构特征对储层的渗流特性有直接的影响，一直是油层物理学的一个重要研究内容。目前对孔隙结构认识的资料都是建立在理论模型上的，岩石孔隙结构参数的测定方法主要是常规压汞法、半渗透隔板法、扫描电镜、铸体薄片分析等，都受到检测方法和技术手段的局限性限制，都做了相当的假设性处理，这种假设增加了预测结果的随意性，很难精确地描述储层岩石真实的孔隙结构特征。恒速压汞法是一种测试储层岩石孔隙结构的新技术，对孔隙结构复杂性的认识方面，比以往的研究方法和手段更先进一步，对储层岩石的孔隙结构特征有了更精细的描述和刻画。本文以美国ASPE-730压汞仪为例，浅谈该检测技术的优缺点。     

加强管理提高普光气田电网功率因数

提高功率因数是电网节能管理的重要方法.本文主要介绍普光气田无功状况、无功补偿的原理、意义以及普光气田提高功率主要方法.     

页岩的地震属性分析综述

在最近几年里,非常规页岩气和页岩油勘探已经进入公众的视线里,引起大家的注意。这些新的成藏是地球物理学许多新发展的催化剂,尤其是新地震属性的应用。近来,三维地震数据和地震属性技术已经在断层、裂缝方位和密度、储层富集带,可能的水力压裂障碍,孔隙压力,岩石力学以及增产的有效性和优化提供信息。下面介绍的是从三维地面地震资料中获得的信息,这些信息是怎样影响非常规页岩发展的。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.