中国公务员规模适度吗？———社会发展效率下的最优规模确定

中国公务员规模大小一直是学术界争论的问题。文章以省级地方政府为研究对象,以"帕累托最优"为指导,以"企业家政府理论"和"新公共服务理论"为基础,应用DEA方法,从经济增长和社会发展视角,对2012年中国大陆31个省级地方政府公务员规模效率进行了测算;同时,应用Tobit回归模型,对效率进行修正,并利用修正效率来刻画实际公务员规模与最优规模之间的差距,进而得到理论上的中国公务员最优规模。实证结果表明,在经济增长视角下,公务员实际规模高于理论上的最优规模;在社会发展视角下,实际规模低于理论上的最优规模。     

长三角地区城市平稳增长下能源碳排放需求估计

探讨了城市能源碳排放需求预测的研究方法,采用最优增长率模型,研究了经济平稳增长条件下,长三角地区各个城市未来的能源碳排放需求。结果显示,长三角地区大部分城市碳排放需求的高峰值都出现在2025年以前,只有上海出现在2040年,这将使上海面临较大的减排压力。南京、苏州、宁波和无锡的能源消费需求、能源碳排放需求都较高,人均碳排放也超出全国平均水平,因此,未来这些城市也将面临较大的减排压力。     

中国潜在经济增长率分析——HP滤波平滑参数的选择及应用

本文首先概括介绍了潜在产出的测算方法,然后结合1952～2007年中国年度产出数据特征.讨论了应用HP滤波方法测算潜在产出时的平滑参数选择问题.平滑参数取100时的HP滤波器能更准确地刻画长期增长路径,平滑参数取6.25时的HP滤波器能更好地捕捉潜在产出的波动特点.对中国这样潜在经济增长路径波动较大的转轨经济国家,必须从经济理论和实际经济运行情况判断是否发生了结构性的变动,两滤波器结合使用.最后,本文对中国1952～2007年特别是1982～2007年的潜在经济增长率进行了测算,并对未来潜在经济增长率的水平及适度增长区间做了初步预测.     

渐进改革经济中的最优增长

本文从我国经济体制改革的现实出发，结合经济增长理论的最新进展，把渐进改革等制度变迁纳入经济增长模型，考察了渐进改革经济中的最优增长路径。在理论上，我们证明了渐进改革经济中的最优增长路径不仅能够刻画经济的长期增长趋势，而且还能够刻画长期增长中的波动。在实证分析中我们发现，渐进改革经济中的最优增长路径能够显著地刻画我国1979-1999年间的经济增长，而且该结论是稳健的。     

发展与节约：当下中国的节能减排之路

当前全球经济危机的大环境下，中国的经济仍然保持着相对高速的增长态势。然而旧有的经济增长模式仍未改变，高能耗和高排放量仍然是我国经济发展前途的巨大隐患，同时也对“节能减排”的实现造成巨大压力。当下中国如何再继续可持续发展，做好“保增长”和“节能减排”的平衡成为富有时代特色和中国特色的重要议题。     

《中国经济增长路径与经济周期研究》评介

正经济增长源泉的探讨一直是宏观增长理论研究的核心问题。改革开放以来,中国经济保持了高速的增长态势,整体经济水平不断提升。为什么中国经济能够保持如此高的增长速度?这种增长速度能否持续?中国经济未来增长的潜力如何?中国经济增长是否呈现了周期性的特征?这些都是值得我们思考、研究的问题。张连城教授所著,由中国经济出版社出版的《中国经济增长路径与经济周期研究》一书的出版恰逢其时,对于     

人力资本的最优投入路径和控制路径

本文呈现了一个包含人力资本和物质资本投入的内生增长模型.人力资本和物质资本是拉动经济增长的两大主要动力是普遍接受的观点.本文关注人力资本对经济增长的作用,进而探索最优的人力资本投入路径,以及如何实现最优的配置路径.模拟的结果表明,人力资本的最优投入路径是时间的分段函数,在所考察的经济周期的前半部分,最优的人力资本应该保持在比较低的投入水平,大量的人力资本应该在经济周期的后半时期投入,同时最优的人力资本投入应该在最优的控制路径的指导之下进行.     

私募股权投资对中国三次产业创新增长的影响研究

研究目标:探究金融支持中国三次产业创新增长的策略。研究方法:利用省级面板数据，测算分析2000～2018年中国三次产业创新增长指标及私募股权投资对其影响。研究发现:中国三次产业创新增长情况差异显著。私募股权投资能够优化现有金融结构，是对现有直接融资体系的有益补充。其改善了金融资源配置效率，继而通过聚焦关键核心技术领域，并为创新主体提供增值服务，最终促进了整个三次产业的创新增长。研究创新:利用半参数OP法将三次产业置于同一测算口径下进行比较，填补了利用产业层面私募股权投资数据对中国三次产业创新增长指标进行测算和研究的空白。研究价值:揭示了私募股权投资与创新增长的关系，为金融支持实体经济发展提供了有益借鉴。     

中国节能减排政策对企业绩效的影响——基于上市公司的数据

首先,运用计量经济模型研究了中国节能减排政策的实施对经济增长的影响,研究结果表明,中国节能减排政策的实施显著地促进了经济增长。其次,从微观的角度,运用主成分分析法对8个行业24家上市公司2003²011年的绩效值进行评价,并研究了中国节能减排政策的实施对企业绩效的影响,研究结果表明,中国节能减排政策的实施对不同行业内企业绩效的影响有所不同,节能减排政策对企业绩效产生的影响取决于企业生产过程或其产品与能源的关联性。最后,提出不同行业内企业应采取差异化政策等建议。     

市场化进程中的税制结构变迁

本文研究了在市场化进程的不同阶段税制结构与经济增长和福利改善之间的关系。理论研究表明,以商品税为主的税制结构促进了鞍点路径上的经济增长和福利改善,并加速了市场化进程。随着市场化进程的不断推进,当前税制结构对于经济增长和福利改善的正向影响程度逐渐降低,而商品税税率的适度下调可以实现鞍点路径上福利水平最大化。与之相对,商品税占比过高或过低的税制结构,都会出现福利水平的相对损失。实证结果也显示,我国现行税制结构中生产性间接税可以促进经济增长和社会福利的改善,并且市场化程度对这一影响具有显著的调节效应。因此,随着中国经济发展进入“新常态”,政府应进一步简政放权,减少对市场的直接干预,适度调整税制结构,降低间接税比重,实现经济持续增长和福利不断改善。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.