学习型组织的特征及意义

进入21世纪，市场环境变化加快，竞争越来越激烈。企业和个人都必须不断地自我调整，以适应快速变化的环境。但是，怎样才能更好地适应呢？美国壳牌石油公司总裁卡洛说：“应变的根本之道是学习。”⊙ “学习型”组织简述学习型组织是从文化角度来定义的，它是一种“以信息和知识为基础、实行目标管理的，成员能够自我学习、自我发展和自我控制”的组织，一般具有以下几个特征：1、善于不断学习。这是学习型组织的本质特征，它包含四个“强调”：强调“终身学习”、强调“全员学习”、强调“全过程学习”和强调“团体学习”。学习型组织通过…     

谈如何创建学习型组织

进入21世纪,知识已成为经济增长的核心力量。有人预见:21世纪,最成功的组织是“学习型组织”;真正出色的企业将是能够设法使各阶层人员全心全意投入并有能力不断学习的组织。企业发展的深层原因和最后决定力量来源于学习力的提高,对企业而言,“唯一持久的竞争优势,是具备比你的竞争对手学习更快的能力”。“用学习创造利润”是当今和未来“赢”的策略。因此,创建“学习型组织”对当今企业显得尤为重要。什么是“学习型组织”学习型组织是美国麻省理工学院博士彼得·圣吉1990在他的《第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实践》一书中提出的。圣…     

对学习型组织的冷静思考

作为“学习型组织”概念的提出者,彼得·圣吉自己也曾表示,没有人真正理解什么是学习型组织,甚至包括他自己,每个人对学习型组织的描绘只是有限程度的近似。在我们的身边,林林总总的“学习型XX”给人的感觉则更是乱、泛和虚。     

创建学习型社区营造和谐发展环境

学习型社会或称学习化社会,是教育与学习贯穿于任何时候、任何领域、任何过程之中的社会,是人人学习、时时学习、处处学习的社会.社区作为社会的一个重要的组成部分,学习型组织的创建既是客观形势的要求,更是社区和谐发展的需要.创建学习型社区,要从四个方面着手:一是观念先行,培育与创建“学习型社区”相适应的新理念；二是打造学习型团队,搭建与创建“学习型社区”相适应的学习载体；三是完善制度,整合资源,建立与“学习型社区”相适应的运行机制和共享网络；四是开展特色活动,营造与“学习型社区”相适应的浓厚氛围.     

拷问企业“学习型组织”

彼得·圣吉为了解决美国等西方发达国家普遍存在的“企业早衰”问题,创立了“学习型组织”理论。随着学习型组织理论的引入,我国掀起了一浪高过一浪的追捧热潮,许多企业纷纷着手建立学习型组织,而真正符合学习型组织标准的企业极为罕见,大多是贴上学习型组织的标签,流于形式。究其根本原因就是,目前我国企业还不具备建立学习型组织的条件。作者认为,把学习型组织当作企业的目标、理想而非手段实为企业的明智之举。     

学习型银行的“四维”构建

我国加入WTO后，国有商业银行受到多种深层次矛盾的冲击。要适应不断变化的金融形势，从容应对金融竞争，一个重要途径就是不断学习，创建学习型银行。我国商业银行创建学习型组织，关键是要做好以下四项工作，我们称之为“四维构建”。     

学习型组织理论模型的比较研究

概要总结学习型组织起源及基本概念，对目前较为成熟的四种学习型组织理论模型进行比较分析，为进一步深入研究组织学习及建立学习型组织提供一些有益的参考。     

把握“学习型企业”的真谛

学习型组织理论是当今世界最前沿的两大管理理论之一，这一理论在中国的实践虽然不长，但已进入迅速发展和普及的阶段，呈现出勃勃的生机。尤其是2001年5月，江泽民同志在亚太经合会议上发出“构筑终身教育体系，创建学习型社会”号召后，一个个“学习型企业”在诞生，一座座“学习型城市”在崛起。创建学习型组织成为当今社会的热门话题。破除认识误区是首要前提。有关创建学习型组织的模型，各国学者有不少论著。目前国内创建“学习型企业“的先行者绝大多数是参照彼得·圣吉模型，以《第五项修炼》为范本。但，不少企业界人士对该理论感…     

虚拟学习型组织的职能及构成要素

自从彼德·圣吉《第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务》一书问世以来，“学习型组织”已成为组织行为学科的经典架构，学习型组织被誉为21世纪的“管理圣经”，世界各国企业界兴起了建立学习型组织的热潮，这一理论同样被我国企业界广泛关注。     

中国企业建立学习型组织的突破口

学习型组织作为新组织的一种形态,从20世纪80年代开始,在企业界和管理思想界掀起了一股研究、推广热潮,学习型组织已成为21世纪企业组织和管理方式的新趋势。世界许多一流的企业如：美国的波音公司、杜邦、微软、英特尔、苹果电脑、IBM、加拿大皇家石油、汉诺威保险公司等都在建立学习型组织。学习型组织的兴起,有着深刻的社会、经济、科技和文化等方面的背景,是知识经济时代对管理模式变革的要求。学习是人的天性,如果每个员工都将“改进工作（improving)”与“完成任务（doing)”同等看待,那么组织作为一个整体,“学习(learning)”和“绩效（performing)”就会成为它的一个重要目标,其集体人力资源潜在的能量就能够得以释放。这一点也是人们对学习型组织越来越兴趣的原因。     

Measuring the quality of managerial learning on the job

This article describes the development of an instrument to measure the quality of managerial learning on the job. The instrument can be used to analyse the quality of the individual learning process on the job. The literature shows that two factors determine the quality of the learning process: the learning potential of the job context and the way in which the manager approaches their work. So the instrument has two components. The first component measures the four types of work experience that offer potential opportunities for individual learning. These are transitions, task-related characteristics, obstacles and support. The second component, the so-called learning behaviour, analyses the way the individual approaches the potential learning opportunities present in the job. This can also be divided into four categories: emergent learning, planned learning, instruction-oriented learning and meaning-oriented learning. Based on these two components, an instrument has been developed to measure the quality of learning on the job. This has been shown to be valid and reliable in a sample of European managers.     

Transforming your manufacturing organization into a learning organization.

Many experts believe the only sustainable advantage an organization will have in the future is its ability to learn faster than its competitors. This competitive advantage can be achieved by transforming the organization into a learning organization. This article describes the basic elements of a learning organization and how to transform an organization to focus on learning. The article also describes methods for evaluating the training and learning that occurs within the organization to ensure that training dollars are wisely spent. Finally, the article describes what individuals can do to focus on their own learning and personal development within an organization.     

组织学习能力对知识创新的影响机理与实证研究

本文从组织学习理论出发,构建学习能力对知识创新的影响模式。实证研究结果表明学习能力对知识创新有正向的影响。即组织若具备较好的学习能力,则知识创新的绩效越好。学习能力的各观测变量中,应用能力最具解释力,其次为获取能力,再次为整合能力与转换能力。     

The role of capital investment project teams in organisational learning

The management and organisation of capital projects in the British National Health Service (NHS) is dependent upon project teams. An analysis of four case studies shows how these teams also act as agents of learning for individuals and the organisation. This article considers the process by which learning came about. In particular it identifies the ability of the project teams to develop a parallel organisation within a wider organisational context. These teams develop specific rules, roles and relationships which help individual project team members to more effectively share their knowledge with others and their organisation.     

The interplay between learning strategy and organizational structure in predicting career success

The institutionalization of management development and the money spent on it is in sharp contrast to the importance attached to what we know about how managers learn and whether it helps them to get promotion, given the specific organizational context in which they work. We therefore examined career success as a complex positive or negative function of the individual's learning strategy and the organization's structure. One hundred and twenty-seven managers from three government-related organizations completed a questionnaire. A deep learning strategy, characterized by a focus on meaning and relations, fosters career success, especially in a lowly specialized context. In contrast, a surface learning strategy, characterized by a focus on instructions and facts, hampers career success, especially in a highly integrated context. The findings strongly suggest that management development programmes need to be made to measure, taking into account both how the manager learns and how the organization is structured.     

Organizational learning and the learning organization in health care

Learning is seen as a systems-level phenomenon that stays within the organization regardless of the "players" involved. However, this article reviews some of the history of organizational learning and the learning organization and makes a proposal for how health care organizations are becoming learning organizations.     

学习型组织的内涵特征与构成要件

本文主要从学习型组织的内涵特征和构成要件出发,提出了学习型组织的构建模型。     

以学习目标导向为中介的知识贡献行为的心理促动因素研究

本论文的目的在于研究个体如何愿意在组织中主动贡献自己的知识技能，论文首先讨论个体所具备的“成就动机”以及“职业发展欲望”等特质对于“学习目标”以及“知识贡献”的正面影响，然后进一步论证个体“学习目标”对“知识贡献”的正面影响，并提出“学习目标”在“成就动机”与“职业发展欲望”和“知识贡献”的关系中起到的中介作用，最后根据以上论证提出研究假设并建立模型。本研究在不同行业中，以上司和下属配对方式收集了192套问卷进行实证检验，结果验证了所提出的假设。研究结果对组织如何提升组织内个体的知识贡献行为提供了理论依据和实践参考。     

Enhancing continuous learning: Diagnostic findings from multiple companies

This article describes, both conceptually and empirically, how salient aspects of an organization's work environment can influence whether continuous learning will occur. Survey results from over 500 people in seven organizations, coupled with data from diagnostic interviews, revealed that each organization has a unique learning profile and relies on different sources of learning to develop individual competencies. Those organizations with stronger learning environments appeared to demonstrate greater organizational effectiveness. Several common learning environment factors were empirically identified. These factors were found to be related to perceived competence and satisfaction with development across organizations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.