轻资产类上市公司定增并购后长期业绩表现——昙花一现还是细水长流?北大核心

定增并购作为并购重组的一种特殊方式,其双重定价的公允性中所蕴含的利益输送空间备受社会诟病,引起人们对定增并购后长期业绩表现的担忧和质疑,尤其是影视网游等轻资产类公司并购存在高估值、高溢价问题。基于此,以文化创意产业及互联网金融等公司在2013~2016年间成功实施定增并购的80个公司为样本,观察其在定增并购后的长期业绩表现,通过事件前后业绩改善的纵向比较并计算定增并购净效应进行配对样本横向比较,均发现样本公司绩效确实较事件前有改善,但长期来看表现乏力,后期下滑明显,并购后整合不力。标的资产高溢价显著影响长期业绩,主并方大股东参与定增并购的样本公司定向增发高折价也显著影响长期业绩,股份支付相对有利于长期业绩表现。跨界并购和借壳上市都不利于主并公司并购后的长期业绩改善。业绩承诺制度的实施有利于定增并购后主并方长期业绩的改善,但效果不明显。     

混合所有制、非国有大股东治理与国有企业并购效率

基于国有企业大力推行混合所有制改革这一背景,深入考察混合所有制对国有企业并购效率的影响及作用机制。研究发现,实施混合所有制改革提高了非国有股权比例,这有利于国有企业实现“少而优”的并购,即降低并购发生的可能性,但所选项目能够获得优质的并购绩效,整体上表现出较高的并购效率,而且这种促进作用在非国有大股东参与国企公司治理时更加显著。进一步研究发现,当混改国企处于竞争性行业或属于地方国企时,非国有大股东治理效应的作用机制更加凸显。所得结论有助于深化混合所有制改革,为国有企利用市场化力量“混”股权、“合”治理以及实现国企价值创造提供经验证据。     

股权二元结构下的股利政策--一种新的代理成本理论

本文基于股权二元结构建立了新的代理成本理论，发现并度量了分配现金股利的“再分配效应”——导致价值在流通股与非流通股之间转移，说明分配现金股利可能是大股东对流通股股东的掠夺行为。再分配效应揭示了股权二元结构的缺陷，有助于解释股利分配的一些实证现象，为现金股利的“利益输送”假说提供了理论基础。本文提出的配股一分红策略可以实现非流通股间接上市的目的。     

后股权分置改革时代上市公司并购市场绩效研究

文章以股权分置改革这一制度的变迁为研究视角,运用事件研究法,研究了中国上市公司并购市场绩效（CAR）的影响因素,并进一步探讨了股权分置改革后大股东改变侵占公司利益方式的可能性。研究发现,股权分置改革后,并购公司的并购市场绩效均值显著为正,采用现金支付方式的并购公司有较高的并购市场绩效,收购公司并购活动的关联属性对并购市场绩效无显著效应,第一大股东持股比例越高的并购公司其并购市场绩效越低。另外,成长性增强了现金支付方式对并购市场绩效的正效应,公司杠杆减弱了现金支付方式对并购市场绩效的正效应。文中的结果表明,股权分置改革后,中国上市公司并购活动逐渐显现出市场化特征,股权分置改革对上市公司并购行为和并购市场绩效已产生积极作用,但并购活动中利益输送的动机和行为在股权分置改革后仍然存在。     

上市公司定向增发后大股东减持行为研究

一、引言股权分置时代,由于无法通过在市场上转让原始股权来获取资本性收益,持有大量非流通股的大股东主要由非证券价格渠道获得利益。有关上市公司大股东利益输送的研究也发现,资金占用（李增泉等,2004）、并购（贺建刚、刘峰,2005）、关联交易（郑国坚等,2007）、关联担保（高雷、宋顺林,2007）、关联投资（柳建华等,2008）等方式成为大股东从上市公司输送利益、转移资源的途径。股权分置改革后,随着股份逐步解禁并取得流通权,     

“PE+上市公司”型并购基金与公司价值创造——以博雅生物为例

当前,我国许多上市公司参与设立产业并购基金,希望借助产业资本完善产业链,实现企业价值创造。在此背景下,结合医药上市公司博雅生物案例,探讨“PE+上市公司”型并购基金的价值创造全过程。结果显示,上市公司设立“PE+上市公司”型并购基金能够产生协同效应价值、提高企业价值和财务绩效。但是,上市公司应明确基金设立的投资方向、降低基金参与主体间的利益冲突,注重基金的运作过程并激发并购基金的创新力,以更好地实现价值创造。     

定向增发折价发行下大股东财富转移研究

文章以2006年至2009年进行定向增发的上市公司为样本,研究了定向增发折价发行与大股东利益输送的问题。研究中发现,大股东认购比例和上市公司定向增发折价水平成正比,上市公司折价越大,大股东侵占中小股东利益越大。     

上市公司大股东利益输送问题研究

大股东利益输送行为是现代公司治理中的一个突出问题,我国股票市场作为新兴加转轨市场,上市公司大股东利益输送行为尤为严重,股权分置改革之前更加明显。由于上市公司股权集中且大股东所持股份多为非流通股,因此大股东为了实现自身利益的最大化,通过股权融资、现金股利、资金占用、关联交易等方式转移上市公司资源达到挖空上市公司的目的,严重侵害了中小股东的利益。我国目前相关法律体系不完善也是产生利益输送行为的原因之一,而获得控制权私人收益是造成大股东利益输送行为的直接动力。     

多个大股东对并购决策及并购绩效的影响 ——基于主并方企业的经验证据

文章选取2008—2018年间我国上市公司发生的并购事件为样本,基于多个大股东的公司治理效应理论,从企业并购决策和并购绩效的双重视角深入考察了多个大股东对企业并购的影响.研究发现:相对于单一大股东控制,多个大股东并存能够显著降低企业发起并购的可能性,同时显著提高了并购绩效,并且大股东数量越多,企业的并购绩效越好.进一步研究发现,多个大股东并存对于企业并购绩效的促进作用在非国有企业和外部制度环境较差的企业中表现得更为显著.     

自媒体帮助控股股东在定向增发中获利了吗？

考察了上市公司控股股东如何利用自媒体信息披露在定向增发融资中调节股价的变化,从而获取额外收益的过程。研究发现：控股股东为使定向增发融资顺利进行,倾向于在定向增发准备期频繁发布自媒体信息,以抬高股价吸引外部投资者关注,并且当发行对象不包括控股股东时,通过发布自媒体信息来抬高股价的行为会更加显著;而在定增新股定价期间,定向增发对象包括控股股东的上市公司却会显著减少自媒体信息发文数量,以压低股票价格,帮助控股股东以较低对价购入定增股票。进一步分析发现：上市公司中机构投资者持股对控股股东定价期间压低股价的行为具有显著抑制作用。从自媒体信息披露这一崭新视角切入,证实了我国上市公司控股股东在定向增发过程中既有通过自媒体信息披露使定向增发吸引关注、满足融资需求的动机,又有利用自媒体信息披露降低控股股东参与定向增发的成本、对自身进行利益输送的动机;而机构投资者能够有效监督这一过程中大股东的利己行为。研究结论为加强对上市公司在定向增发中信息披露的监管,保护中小投资者利益提供了有益的启示。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.