沈阳北站人防工程深基坑支护变形监测分析

本文通过对沈阳北站Ⅰ区人防工程深基坑的围护桩顶水平位移、桩侧土压力、混凝土支撑轴力、临时立柱桩隆起以及基坑周边地表沉降、坑外地下水位变化、周边管线沉降、周围建筑物沉降的系统监测,探讨了复杂条件下基坑开挖期间支护结构及周边环境的变形规律。为本地区同类工程施工提供参考依据。     

粉土地区复杂环境下深基坑施工监测的数据分析研究

深基坑开挖会引起周边环境的变形,变形过大会造成建构造物的功能丧失甚至破坏,尤其是对于位于繁华闹市区的深基坑,施工过程中的变形控制要求更加严格,难度更大,本文结合实际工程案例,对郑州地区某深基坑的施工监测进行归纳总结,通过分析监测数据与对应的工况,监测内容包含基坑周边建筑物沉降、基坑坡顶竖向位移、基坑坡顶水平位移、深层水位位移、锚索内力,研究复杂环境下粉土地区深基坑施工过程中的变形特性和变化规律,研究结论可为类似条件下工程施工和监测提供借鉴。     

福建省龙岩市某小区深基坑监测分析

福建省龙岩市某小区基坑周围公路及建筑物都相邻较近,基坑采用放坡+锚管(杆)+挂网喷硅护面、排桩+锚索+土钉墙联合支护等支护方案,通过对基坑坡顶水平位移及沉降、深层土体水平位移、临近建筑物沉降进行监测,经监测结果分析显示,本基坑坡顶的最大沉降量、最大水平位移速率,深层土体的最大位移量、最大位移量速率,临近建筑物的最大沉降量、最大沉降速率,均小于设计规定的最大限值,基坑坡顶的最大沉降速率超过设计规定的最大限值,但经过加固措施,基坑变形趋于稳定。监测成果表明:小区基坑工程监测项目在监测期间,基坑处于稳定状态。监测结果表明,该工程支护方案效果良好,满足设计的要求。     

深基坑工程安全监测的研究与应用——以南通大学城综合配套服务功能区为例

基坑监测的目的是验证设计基坑维护工程的科学性和合理性以及施工的可行性和可靠性。其任务是为了确保周边建筑物的安全,及时跟踪掌握在基坑开挖过程中可能会出现的各种不利现象,为设计和施工单位提供信息,以便随时修改支护参数和施工方案,合理安排土方开挖的进度和方式。基坑工程应加强监测,实现信息化施工,才能有效减少基坑工程事故。通过对南通大学城综合配套服务功能区基坑工程定期的监测,发掘其局部形变的数值与规律,为工程建设提供准确的有参考价值的建议。     

高层建筑复杂环境下深基坑位移控制施工

基坑施工的好坏直接影响到工程的工期和安全质量,对整个工程起着决定性的影响.本工程基坑开挖深度较深,且所处地下水位较高,周边环境也相当复杂.在这种特殊的情况下,控制周边建筑物和基坑的位移尤为重要.本工程通过制定科学合理的土方开挖方案、并采取有效的支护方法和对其施工过程实施有效监控,确保了深基坑施工和毗邻建筑物的安全,使临近城市设施不会遭受破坏,同时保证了深基坑施工的进度、安全及质量要求.     

紧邻既有建筑深基坑支护设计及监测技术

基坑防护工程作为临时结构,不仅具有很强的区域性,且工程环境的效应复杂,其安全储备小.对于紧邻重要建筑的深基坑防护而言,在确保自身安全稳定的同时,还需控制周边建筑物的水平位移及沉降值,安全风险更高.本文详细介绍了紧邻公共建筑的深基坑防护设计、施工期间的监测、数据处理技术及针对具体问题采取的技术措施.     

咬合桩在工程中的应用

咬合桩工程在基坑支护止水帷幕中起到了非常关键的作用,在基坑开挖降水时有效防止临近建筑物基础底部水及流砂突然间的流失,而导致临近建筑物产生突现沉降。     

建筑工程深基坑开挖不均匀沉降的机理及其优化

由于基坑开挖过程中坑内土体被挖除,挡墙向坑内移动,墙后土体受扰动产生竖向不均匀沉降。此沉降将打破建筑物原有的受力平衡体系,使建筑物产生附加力及变形,严重时将导致建筑物的破坏。总结了深基坑周边沉降的影响因素,因此基础上提出了控制沉降的方法。确保项目最经济、最有效的完成。     

基坑开挖对临近既有地铁隧道影响分析

本文针对基坑开挖对临近既有地铁隧道的影响进行研究。以重庆4号线西延伸项目的车站附属基坑开挖工程为背景案例，结合现场实际情况，评价了基坑开挖对地铁隧道的影响等级，并对隧道地表沉降位移、隧道结构位移及受力等影响进行模拟分析。研究结果表明：基坑开挖施工导致临近既有地铁隧道出现沉降、位移和受力变化，但各项影响值均处于规范值以内，能保证隧道结构的安全性。     

深大基坑工程开挖对周边建筑物的影响的三维数值分析

本文运用有限元软件plaxis对某大型基坑开挖与支护进行了模拟计算,分析了基坑开挖过程中围护结构变形、地表沉降和临近建筑的变形规律。结果表明：坑外地表沉降影响范围主要在开挖深度的一倍范围内,基坑开挖也会引起临近建筑物桩的侧向变形,最大侧移发生在开挖面附近计算得到的地连墙和建筑物的侧向变形规律与实测沉降规律基本一致,验证了计算结果的正确性,分析结果为类似工程设计与施工提供了参考。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.