企业动态能力与企业创新的相关分析

动态能力与创新之间的关系是企业能力理论研究的"黑箱"。本文从理论层面对企业动态能力与创新的互动关系进行探析,分析了企业动态能力与技术创新、制度创新之间以及动态能力子能力与创新模式之间的相互关联,并从"破与立"的视角,指出破除企业的核心刚性与组织惰性、构建学习型组织与创新型的企业文化是企业动态能力与创新发展的关键。     

动态能力理论的战略管理思想及其理论基础探析

本文阐述了动态能力理论的能力观,揭示了动态能力理论对资源学派战略管理思想的五个新发展:战略管理的核心不是企业现有核心能力的识别和利用,而是企业核心能力和竞争优势的创新;企业能力的创新应当突破路径依赖性;战略管理应突破企业的纵向与横向边界,通过整合企业内外资源,构建新的核心能力;战略管理应当把构建知识整合机制和消除组织学习的障碍作为保持企业持续竞争优势的重要手段;企业的持续竞争优势来自于动态能力。因此,战略可以超越企业现有的资源与能力。在此基础上,本文探讨了动态能力理论的三个理论基础:熊彼特的创新理论、演化经济理论和基于知识的企业理论。     

科技企业组织情绪能力影响研发员工创新的中介机制研究

在科技企业员工创造力的激发与实现过程中,情绪等软性环境变量是关键性的前置影响因素,在不同行业具有差异性影响效应.本文通过对电子通讯、先进机械制造等科技企业的问卷调研,并运用Bootstrapping和Sobel等方法分析发现:在电子通讯、机械制造、化工食品、软件服务行业企业中,组织情绪能力对研发员工创新行为产生显著影响;外部互动在组织情绪能力与研发员工创新行为的关系间扮演部分中介角色.其中,在化工食品业企业中,组织情绪能力通过影响决策参与作用于研发员工创新行为;在机械制造业企业中,组织情绪能力通过影响外部互动作用于研发员工创新行为.本研究有助于弥补国际上关于组织层次情绪能力研究的不足,深化了我们对科技企业组织情绪能力拓展至创新管理实践行业差异的认识.     

创新方式、能力的匹配及实现途径研究

创新是组织获取竞争优势的重要来源。文章在分析不同创新方式及能力要求的基础上,提出了通过双元组织的安排,形成探索能力与开发能力、渐进创新与突变创新的高水平匹配与协调,从而在资源既定的情况下,同时开展突变创新和渐进创新,进行优势互补,提高组织整体创新绩效,增强组织在动态环境下的生存能力和竞争能力。     

动态能力、员工创新行为与数字化转型

随着物联网、人工智能、云计算、在线支付系统等数字技术的出现，数字化正在深刻影响企业的内外部环境。基于动态能力理论，探讨企业动态能力、员工创新行为对企业数字化转型的影响机制。使用多元回归方法，对11个省市23家数字化转型制造企业的207位企业员工调查数据实证分析表明：企业动态能力显著影响数字化转型目标；员工创新行为在企业动态能力与数字化转型目标之间起中介作用；组织激励和组织目标一致性调节企业动态能力与员工创新行为之间的关系，同时还调节员工创新行为与数字化转型目标的关系。因此，数字化转型企业要积极构建动态能力，激励员工创新活动和培养大数据人才，加强绩效管理引导员工行为与数字化转型目标保持一致。     

企业家精神对创新绩效的影响——数字化能力的中介作用与组织韧性的调节作用

企业家精神是推动新时代企业数字化转型,提升数字化能力,进而实现持续创新的关键因素。基于企业能力理论,探索数字化能力（核心竞争力）、组织韧性（动态适应力）视角下企业家精神对创新绩效的影响机制。以作为国际科技创新中心的北京市部分高精尖企业为样本,通过266份问卷调查数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明：企业家精神对创新绩效具有显著正向影响,数字化能力在企业家精神与创新绩效之间具有中介作用,组织韧性在企业家精神和数字化能力、企业家精神和创新绩效之间具有调节作用,组织韧性调节了数字化能力在企业家精神和创新绩效之间的中介效应。研究结论为数字经济背景下充分发挥企业家精神对创新绩效的积极影响,推动新时代高精尖企业高质量发展提供重要支撑。     

企业数字化转型、动态能力与创新绩效

在数字经济时代下,对企业数字化转型提升创新绩效的效应与作用机理进行讨论很有必要。基于技术创新理论和动态能力理论,采用文本分析法构建2010～2020年企业数字化转型指数,实证检验企业数字化转型如何影响创新绩效,并将动态能力细分为创新能力、吸收能力、适应能力,探讨其中介效应,总结出“企业数字化转型——动态能力——创新绩效”这一作用路径。主要结论如下：企业数字化转型对创新绩效具有显著促进作用,通过多种稳健性检验后,研究结论依旧可靠;企业数字化转型正向影响动态能力——创新能力、吸收能力、适应能力,且三者在企业数字化转型与创新绩效之间发挥着显著中介作用。进一步研究发现,在低市场化程度下,企业数字化转型对创新绩效的促进作用更加显著。研究结论为企业数字化转型促进创新绩效的内在机理研究提供了微观证据,为企业推动数字化转型、发展动态能力、提升创新绩效提供了明确启示。     

组织变革、动态能力与创新绩效——基于多案例的研究

本文旨在探讨组织变革、动态能力以及创新绩效之间的影响关系。以新产品开发为视角提出基于NPD的三维动态能力,并利用探索性案例研究方法,以制造业三家具有代表性的企业为分析样本,证实了组织变革对需求识别能力、概念开发能力和产品设计能力与创新绩效之间的关系起到了部分中介影响作用。     

内向型创新、企业网络能力与创新绩效——网络外溢的调节作用

本文将企业网络能力作为一种典型的动态能力运用到开放式创新研究领域中,探索其在内向型创新与创新绩效关系中所起的中介作用,并考虑到环境约束的影响,采用网络外溢作为该中介环节的调节变量。通过对中国211家企业样本的实证检验,得出结论：（1）内向型创新对创新绩效具有正向影响,企业网络能力在其中承担完全中介作用;（2）网络外溢程度越高,内向型创新对企业网络能力的影响则越大,但其在企业网络能力与创新绩效的关系中不具有调节作用。     

技术多元化、动态能力对企业二元式创新的影响——基于中国汽车企业面板数据

技术创新是企业获得竞争优势的必要手段,而作为技术创新的体现,技术多元化对企业不同创新模式的影响具有重要意义。在此背景下,本文基于66家中国汽车产业上市公司2011-2015年的面板数据,采用负二项随机效应模型,分析企业技术多元化对二元式创新的影响,以及动态能力对二者的调节效应。研究结果表明:技术多元化与利用式创新和探索式创新均呈倒U型关系;动态能力正向调节技术多元化与利用式创新的关系。因此,企业在实施技术多元化战略时要注意"广度"的把握;在坚持技术创新时注意自身动态能力的提高;加强对不相关技术的搜寻,提高探索式创新绩效。     

The variable effects of dynamic capability by firm size: the interaction of innovation and marketing capabilities in competitive industries

Although investments in marketing and innovation capabilities theoretically help firms to compete in dynamic markets and enhance performance, company size has a strong influence on whether this is the case. In a test of a proposed conceptual model, this study of 692 small, medium, and large enterprises found that large firms prospered from building dynamic capabilities under conditions of high industry competitiveness, while investments in innovation and marketing individually diminished small firms’ performance. The effect was mixed for medium-size firms. In small enterprises, however, dynamic capability proved to be crucial in order to withstand competition. Therefore, taking into account these firms’ limited resources, managerial efforts should be focused on the integration of marketing and innovation capabilities, because each capability alone does not have a significant positive impact on performance. In medium-sized enterprises, the support of marketing capability is required to raise profitability under conditions of high industry competitiveness; otherwise, innovation would not lead to actual profits. For large enterprises, industry competitiveness was found to be a less serious threat to performance, and instead is a catalyst to the development of capabilities, suggesting that managers of such firms should focus on building long-term strategic advantages.     

Innovation as a driver of eco‐innovation in the firm: An approach from the dynamic capabilities theory

The aim of this study is to investigate how innovative capabilities of the firm affect eco‐innovation from a dynamic capability lens. We build on OECD research to conceptualise eco‐innovation as the capacity with which firms modify, redesign, and create products, processes, procedures, and organisations in order to reduce environmental impact. We propose and test the temporal and relational properties of eco‐innovation as a capability. We demonstrate that eco‐innovation possesses two properties of innovative capabilities, namely, persistence over time and interrelation with other innovations. We thus shed new light on the mechanism through which firms engage in eco‐innovation. We also provide empirical evidence to the debate on the relationship between the “normal” innovation (technological or nontechnological) and eco‐innovation. We show that eco‐innovation and innovation are interrelated both simultaneously and sequentially. Moreover, we show that innovation capabilities and eco‐innovation are not only related, but they also have a complementary nature, which facilitates the development of future eco‐innovation.     

Are fiscal policy incentives effective in stimulating firms' eco-product innovation? The moderating role of dynamic capabilities

This study investigates the effectiveness of fiscal policy incentives—in particular, direct subsidies and tax credits—in stimulating eco-product innovation among Chinese manufacturing firms. We also examine the moderating effects of dynamic capabilities. The empirical results, which are based on survey data from 265 firms in China, demonstrate that both direct subsidies and tax credits are conducive to firms' eco-product innovation. In addition, we find that when firms' dynamic integration capabilities are strong, the facilitating effects of direct subsidies and tax credits on eco-product innovation are likewise strong. Moreover, dynamic reconfiguration capabilities positively moderate the relationship between tax credits and eco-product innovation. By identifying moderators that influence the effect of fiscal incentives on eco-product innovation in heterogeneous firms, this study contributes to fiscal policy debates and realizing sustainable development.     

Innovation and de facto standardization: The influence of dominant design on innovative performance,radical innovation,and process innovation

Setting technology standards is the route to market growth and to potentially influencing the performance of a whole industry. When a market accepts a particular technology as one that defines the specifications for products in the entire industry, a dominant design is set. In this article, we investigate how the existence of a dominant design affects subsequent innovation in an industry. In particular, we study the influence on innovative performance, radical innovation, and process innovation. Analyzing longitudinal, cross-sectional patent data for more than 2.6 million patents filed from 1978 to 2013, we find support for our hypotheses that an industry's innovative performance and degree of radical innovation are negatively influenced by dominant design in that industry, and that process innovation is fostered by the occurrence of a dominant design. We discuss the findings in the light of the increasing speed of technological development and standardization. Additionally, results from a sensitivity analysis for different threshold values of dominant design call for adjusting a binary definition of dominant design with different threshold values depending on the effects under study.     

Dynamic capabilities for orchestrating digital innovation ecosystems: Conceptual integration and research opportunities

While most previous research on orchestration of digital innovation ecosystems has examined governance structures, our knowledge of relevant dynamic capabilities remains abstract and lacks conceptual integration. This imbalance limits current knowledge to the extent that digital innovation ecosystem orchestration is mainly considered a structural issue. Based on a synthesis of related literature, we present a novel dynamic capabilities framework that builds on sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capabilities for digital innovation ecosystem orchestration. We differentiate two major challenges addressed in orchestrating such ecosystems: component challenges and complement challenges. We propose six concrete routines that collectively help address these challenges. These include co-creating architectural knowledge, cultivating boundary objects, renegotiating system integration, screening complementors, co-specializing interfaces, and restructuring complementarities. We illustrate each of these routines with examples from the automotive sector. In addition, we sketch trajectories for future research both at the level of the individual routines and at the level of the overall framework.     

The impact of government financial support on the performance of new firms: the role of competitive advantage as an intermediate outcome

This research examines the influence of government financial support on new firms' performance. Extant empirical research on the topic has found mixed results, which warrants an exploration of the theoretical basis for the impact of support policies on new firms' performance. Grounding the theoretical model in the resource-based view and institutional theories, this study contends that performance outcomes – e.g. revenues or profits – should not be the first outcomes of public policies to be examined. Instead, competitive advantage formation is suggested as a link between support policies and new firms' performance. Using new firms from the USA, we examine the impact of government financial support measures – government loans, guarantees and government equity – on firms' overall competitive advantage and more specific types of competitive advantage based on innovation, licensing-in, marketing and human capital. Controlling for family funding, bank financing, equity of business angels and venture capitalists, industry, size as well as entrepreneur's characteristics, the results reveal that government guarantees and government equity have a direct effect on new firms' competitive advantage and only an indirect impact on performance. Our results suggest to policy-makers to focus on helping new firms build the necessary capabilities to compete successfully in the marketplace.     

How do established firms improve radical innovation performance? The organizational capabilities view

The paper examines organizational capabilities for improving performance, with respect to radical innovation (RI), in established firms. These organizational capabilities are (1) openness capability, (2) autonomy capability, (3) integration capability and (4) experimentation capability. The paper proposes four research hypotheses, to examine the relationship between four types of organizational capabilities and radical innovation performance. A dataset of 112 corporate RI-specific capabilities and innovation performance data, from the top 500 Taiwanese manufacturing firms, is collected via a postal questionnaire survey. The multiple regression results reveal a positive relationship between organizational capabilities and radical innovation performance. Finally, some managerial recommendations, to develop radical innovation capabilities, are provided.     

我国地方特色大米产业创新博弈分析

我国特色大米产业处于发展阶段,在我国特色大米产业创新系统中,政府、龙头企业、高校与科研院所这些主体承担着不同功能和职能分布,拥有着各自的利益和立场。文中先通过对企业与农户、政府与企业的创新博弈利益进行分析,再通过构建产业创新中官产学研动态博弈模型,进一步得出在我国特色大米产业创新系统中,更加优化的策略选择。     

The power of combinative capabilities: Facilitating the outcome of frequent innovation in pharmaceutical R&D projects

The purpose of this article is to investigate how organizations organize the early phases of research and development (R&D) projects in the pharmaceutical industry to achieve frequent innovation. The investigation was designed as a qualitative multiple case study. The analysis identified a standardized projectification of the preproject phases, leading to certain conflicts, such as a severe tension between dynamic, project, and multiproject capabilities, which hamper frequent innovation. Optimizing combinative capabilities to balance the capabilities triumvirate can provide powerful leverage and boost frequent innovation.     

Using web mining to explore Triple Helix influences on growth in small and mid-size firms

While broad “Triple Helix” frameworks of industry, government and university collaborations have the potential to enhance innovation and economic development at macro-levels, at the micro-level of the firm it should not be assumed that such relationships are uniform in character or outcomes. Each firm will negotiate and develop its own set of relationships with other innovation system actors based on its capabilities and strategies. To better understand these dynamics, particularly from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises, this study probes the micro-level characteristics and impacts of external enterprise relationships. Novel website-based Triple Helix measures are introduced that extend the analytical scope beyond customary indicators (such as patent analysis or entropy measures) to include communication and coordination among all three helices at the micro-level of individual firms. This approach is used to explore the micro-level characteristics and impacts of industry, government and university relations for small and medium-sized enterprises by analyzing a subset of 271 U.S. green goods small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. We compare the website-based measures with case study results to authenticate the method. A panel data regression model is then employed to analyze the simultaneous impacts of various combinations of industry, government and university links on firm sales growth (2008–2011), with controls for region, scale, and application domains. The ability of website-based indicators to distinguish the impacts of different mixes of Triple Helix relations is demonstrated. While relationships with all three helices have a positive total marginal effect on firm sales growth, local relationships and relationships that emphasize links with government and industry make particularly notable contributions to growth in the sample green goods enterprises. The implications of these findings are discussed.