套管开窗侧钻井的技术实践

胜利石油管理局钻井工艺研究院侧钻技术中心在孤东地区完成多口套管开窗侧钻井。文章结合这些井的实际情况,分析孤东地区开窗定向井的施工技术难点和采取的相应的技术措施,针对相关问题提出见解为套管开窗侧钻井的实践提供参考。     

套管开窗侧钻井的技术实践

胜利石油管理局钻井工艺研究院侧钻技术中心在孤东地区完成多口套管开窗侧钻井。文章结合这些井的实际情况,分析孤东地区开窗定向井的施工技术难点和采取的相应的技术措施,针对相关问题提出见解为套管开窗侧钻井的实践提供参考。     

浅谈钻井技术现状及发展趋势

随着油田的深入开发,钻井技术有了质的发展,钻井工艺技术研究、破岩机理研究、固控技术研究、钻井仪表技术研究、保护油气层钻井完井液技术研究以及三次采油钻井技术等都取得了科研成果,施工技术逐渐多样化,目前已在水平井、径向水平井、小井眼钻井、套管开窗侧钻井、欠平衡压力钻井等方面获得了突破。一些先进的钻井技术走出国门,走向世界,如：计算机控制下套管技术、套管试压技术、随钻测斜技术、密闭取心技术、固控装备、钻井仪表、钻井液监测技术、MTC固井技术及化学堵漏技术等,本文就国内钻井技术的现状及发展趋势进行分析。     

定向开窗侧钻工艺技术浅析

大港油田已经进入开发的中后期,很多老井由于套损、井下事故等原因不能正常生产,应用开窗侧钻技术是恢复产能,提高原油产量的重要途径之一,目前大港油田已经普遍应用开窗侧钻技术。开窗侧钻是解决老油田产能问题的最有效手段,它可以使老井恢复产能,节约投资,具有良好的经济效益。随着侧钻定向施工难度的不断增大,施工队伍在开窗侧钻过程中遇到一些技术难点,而这些难点恰恰是制约开窗侧钻技术成熟与否的关键,针对出现的问题并通过现场的实践,我在本文中进行了开窗侧钻工艺技术的分析。     

渤南地区罗151丛式井钻井技术

一、概述 罗151井台位于东营市河口区内，根据地理条件的限制该井组采用同台滚动开发生产，根据油气显示在布置下口井施工，这样为后续施工中防碰工作增加了难度。同时该地区一直受地层高压易井喷、完井卡电缆套管、下部火成岩机械钻速较慢等问题困扰。在同台施工6口井的施工中，不断积累、不断总结，成功地解决了东营组极缩径导致钻进粘卡，完井作业卡电缆套管，同台绕障等问题，采用PDC钻穿下部沙三有大段的火成岩地层，应用复合钻井技术较大地提高了该地区的机械钻速。     

陕北石油钻井漏失原因分析及其防漏措施

施工工艺不当是陕北油区钻井施工作业井内漏失的一个重要原因,具体可分为表层套管联接不牢及质量不合格、司钻操作不当、表层套管下入位置不当、固井工艺不当等基本情况。本文就当前陕北石油钻井施工中因施工工艺不当漏失的原因进行全面分析,并指出查验套管焊接质量、准确计算套管下入位置、司钻人员合理操作等5种防漏措施和处理漏失的方法。     

旋挖钻机在软弱地层的钻孔桩施工

旋挖钻机施工是近年来发展最快的一种新型桩孔施工方法,它采用无套管钻进法成孔,利用钻杆和钻斗的旋转,以钻斗自重并加液压作为钻进压力,使土屑装满钻斗后提升钻斗出土。本文对旋挖钻机在软弱地层的钻孔桩施工工艺进行了分析探讨,以供参考。     

对套管钻井工艺的简单分析

<正>一、套管钻井的含义及其发展套管钻井是指用套管代替钻杆对钻头施加扭矩和钻压,实现钻头旋转与钻进。整个钻井过程不再使用钻杆、钻铤等,钻头是利用钢丝绳投捞,在套管内实现钻头升降,即实现不提钻更换钻头钻具。减少了起下钻和井喷、卡钻等意外事故,提高了钻     

基于实例分析的地质钻探工程中遇到的问题及其措施

本文结合一些探矿工程实例,总结出钻前预留一级孔径、钻中采用套管与钻井液堵漏等方法,为后续钻进工作达到又快又好的效果,提供一些技术参考.     

大牛地气田水平井钻井工艺技术与实践

水平井钻井技术是开发建设鄂尔多斯大牛地气田的迫切需要,针对该区水平井施工中地层研磨性强,井眼轨迹控制难的难题。从钻具组合、钻进参数优选、侧钻、井眼轨迹控制、煤层段钻进等方面开展工艺技术攻关和现场试验。结果表明,试验井增储上产效果比较显著,基本形成了一套成熟的水平井钻井技术工艺技术,为大牛地气田应用水平井开发提供了新思路、新方法,为下一步持续发展明确了主攻方向。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.