农地城市流转中土地增值收益分配不公平的度量——方法与案例

研究目的:探讨农地城市流转中各权利主体间土地增值收益分配不公平的度量方法。研究方法:运用阿特金森指数和社会福利指数对武汉市2007-2010年土地征收中收益分配的数据进行实证分析。研究结果:2007-2008年武汉市征地收益分配的不平等程度有好转,2008-2009年有恶化,2009-2010年不平等程度又有所减缓,但最后一列的福利指数说明,如果综合效率与公平两方面来考虑,这四年的社会福利却在逐年减少。研究结论:在我国现实的土地征收中,确实存在着机会不公、分配不公的问题,这将造成社会福利的损失。必须找出减少这些原因的方法或途径,才能消除政府失灵和市场失灵,实现资源配置效率和收益分配公平的统一及社会福利的最大化。     

德国福利住房开发的城市规划方法——以斯图加特原掷弹兵兵营居住项目为例

通过对德国斯图加特原掷弹兵兵营居住开发项目目标、规划论证、规划编制过程、规划用地布局和规划控制措施的剖析,为了解德国当代福利住房开发的城市规划方法提供了一则详尽的案例,并总结出德国当代福利住宅开发注重社会公平和可持续发展的特点。     

Industrial development and social welfare: A case study of Iran

Nowadays, monitoring and evaluation of social welfare are of profound import in many countries. This study sought to shed some light on the impact of industrial development on the Iranian social welfare. The Iranian Social Welfare Composite Index (SWCI) and Sen Welfare index (SEN) considered as proxies of Iranian social welfare. To gauge the impact of industrialization on social welfare, Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) bound testing was utilized. The econometric models estimated using annual data from 1967 to 2015 and presented in terms of long-run and short-run dynamic relationships. The results indicate that industrial development had a significant impact on the Iranian social welfare and this impact has been stronger in the long run. In addition, oil revenues, inflation, unemployment and the Iraq-Iran War have had a significant impact on the Iranian social welfare during the period under review. Despite the contradictory impact of industrialization on the various dimensions of welfare, the results show that the industrial development has had a positive impact on the social welfare in Iran. So, the government can boost the effects of industrialization on social welfare by controlling its negative effects.     

广义Stackelberg市场上企业横向兼并获利性研究

基于广义Stackelberg寡头垄断市场,研究企业横向兼并的获利性和社会福利问题。结果表明,一个领头企业与一个跟随企业之间总是存在兼并动机,而领头企业之间很少存在兼并动机;当边际生产成本的差异程度较大时,两个跟随企业之间总是存在兼并动机;兼并导致的企业利润增加是以社会福利下降为代价的。     

Optimal self-financing microfinance contracts when borrowers have risk aversion and limited commitment

This paper examines optimal lending contracts between a single not-for-profit lender and a continuum of risk-averse borrowers, where the lending relationships are continually created and destroyed.  The lender self-finances its costs via income from loans, while borrowers can walk away from the current relationship in any period and search for a new relationship.  We characterize the optimal allocation by formulating the lender’s problem of maximizing social welfare and by resorting to a variational argument that takes into account the limited commitment problem and the endogenous outside option values of the borrowers.  In the benchmark case of the Benthamite social welfare function, we find that the optimal stationary allocation exhibits novel consumption dynamics: Borrower consumption begins at a relatively low level, converges toward a particular level when the participation constraint is slack, and jumps up when the participation constraint binds.  We then explore the role of limited commitment in generating such consumption dynamics and discuss the associated repayment profile.     

垂直关系、效率原则与社会福利研究

企业之间的垂直关系主要包括垂直一体化和垂直分离,具体选择哪种垂直关系,企业需要在规模经济、交易成本和提高成员激励的各种得失中进行权衡。从社会福利和产业组织政策来看,处于不同市场结构中的企业,其进行垂直一体化和垂直分离的效率后果不尽相同,由此也导致了不同的社会福利水平。     

上市公司股权再融资的财富再分配效应研究

中国上市公司在再融资方面呈现较为显著的股权再融资偏好,文章对股权再融资过程中各相关利益主体的财富变动情况进行理论推导,以期挖掘上市公司股权再融资的内在动因。研究结果表明,通过股权再融资,上市公司非流通股东能够实现财富增值,这是控股的非流通股股东偏好股权再融资的动因。     

Evaluating intergenerational risks

Climate policies have stochastic consequences that involve a great number of generations. This calls for evaluating social risk (what kind of societies will future people be born into) rather than individual risk (what will happen to people during their own lifetimes). We respond to this call by proposing and axiomatizing probability adjusted rank-discounted critical-level generalized utilitarianism (PARDCLU) through a key axiom ensuring that the social welfare order both is ethical and satisfies first-order stochastic dominance. PARDCLU yields a new useful perspective on intergenerational risks, is ethical in contrast to discounted utilitarianism, and avoids objections that have been raised against other ethical criteria. We show that PARDCLU handles situations with positive probability of human extinction and is linked to decision theory by yielding rank-dependent expected utilitarianism—but with additional structure—in a special case.     

企业社会工作介入新生代农民工福利保障路径分析

本文首先指出新生代农民工福利保障存在的问题,继而分析了社会工作介入新生代农民工的福利服务的路径,以促进劳动关系和谐发展并实现体面劳动。     

Welfare Effects of Endogenous Information Acquisition and Disclosure in Duopoly Markets

Abstract

This paper investigates the interaction between firms' information acquisition decisions and disclosure of internally acquired information in a Cournot duopoly market under demand uncertainty. The main results are as follows. When the correlation between firms' demands is positive and sufficiently high, disclosure of information on demand uncertainty can enhance social welfare, given that the quality of firms' private information is constant. However, in the setting where firms' private information is endogenously determined, mandatory disclosure is not always desirable. This is because, when disclosure is mandated, firms acquire less precise information compared with the case where the acquired information is not disclosed; hence, their internal information environments are deteriorated. This can lead to unintended consequences such that disclosure regulation decreases social welfare.     

Social dumping and relocation: is there a case for imposing a social clause?

Public opinion in Europe seems worried about the relocation of production plants toward low wage countries often accused of practicing ‘social dumping’. To reduce the incentives for relocation trade unions proposed the adoption of ‘social clauses’ protecting domestic markets from commodities produced in countries where minimal labor condition are not met. We analyze the effects of the adoption of a social clause in a vertically differentiated Bertrand duopoly. We assess how such a policy affects firms’ relocation decisions in order to be able to assess its welfare implications. We also characterize the optimal social clause policy, both under domestic welfare maximization, and from an efficiency point of view. While we show that a social clause policy cannot be dismissed on domestic (or world) welfare grounds, its case is weaker the higher is the domestic wage and the lower is the foreign wage.     

中国社会福利的地区差异分析

为了分析中国社会福利的地区差异,本文考察近年来中国各地区的社会福利支出现状,分析了各地区的社会福利支出的地区差异分布,认为地区差异分布是由各地方政府之间存在的财政支出能力和社会福利制度结构上的差异所致。最后,本文提出若干缩小社会福利地区差距的措施建议。     

“倒票现象”的福利分析

对"倒票现象"对社会福利的影响进行了分析,证明不考虑社会公平,一般情况下"倒票现象"增加社会福利;但是当社会存在过度"倒票现象"时,"倒票现象"就会损害社会福利。考虑到"倒票现象"对社会公平的负面效应,提出政府应对"倒票现象"的建议。     

对经济与技术发展过程中收入调节问题的新探讨

发展方式转变的基础是技术进步。技术进步的结果是新产品产业的出现和传统产业的技术改造与升级。为了保持社会总供求平衡和促进新产品产业的发展，政府干预社会工资水平的调整成为经济社会平稳发展所必不可少的重要环节。传统产业的技术进步，将直接降低产品成本和销售价格，从而也必将增加社会居民的消费福利。社会工资收入水平应随着本国产业结构的发展与完善而不断进行调整，使居民的消费结构和消费福利随之不断完善和提高。     

Welfare-improving policy on medical tourism and labor productivity: A theoretical analysis

This paper considers welfare and wage inequality effects of developing medical tourism on the host country from a theoretical point of view. Due to the competition between public healthcare provision and medical tourism, the development of medical tourism might reduce labor productivity and thus widen wage inequality via the increased wage rates of healthcare workers and decreased wage rates of production workers. In addition, the expansion of medical tourism can lower social welfare of the host country through a decline in labor productivity caused by reduced public healthcare provision. A tax-subsidy welfare-improving scheme is suggested to mitigate the unfavorable productivity effect of medical tourism on the host economy. This theoretical result fits into current empirical evidence on medical tourism.     

Axiomatization of weighted (separable) utility

Nontrivial decision problems typically involve a trade-off among multiple attributes of choice options. One simple way of resolving such trade-offs is to aggregate multiple attributes into one real-valued index, known as weighted or separable utility. Applications of weighted utility can be found in choice under risk (expected utility) and uncertainty (subjective expected utility), intertemporal choice (discounted utility) and welfare economics (utilitarian social welfare function). This paper presents an alternative behavioral characterization (preference axiomatization) of weighted utility. It is shown that necessary and sufficient conditions for weighted utility are completeness, continuity, bi-separable transitivity (and transitivity if none of the attributes is null, or inessential).     

社会价值、经济价值与社会企业创业策略的选择 ——基于制度逻辑理论的案例研究

社会企业在创业过程中如何选择市场逻辑与公益逻辑,以平衡社会价值和经济价值之间的冲突,促进企业的可持续发展?其作用机理是怎样的?影响不同逻辑选择背后的因素是什么?基于制度逻辑视角,以三家典型社会企业为研究对象,对上述问题进行了研究,发现:①相对于单一的公益逻辑、单一的市场逻辑,混合逻辑是社会企业最佳的创业策略,可以很好地...     

Privatization,Financialization and State Restructuring in Eastern Germany: The case of Am südpark

Using a mix of survey data, results from a study on local planning politics and fieldwork, this article discusses the interplay of planning and welfare policies with global financial markets in the ‘making’ of social segregation in Halle‐Neustadt, a borough in the German city of Halle (Saale). Here, different developments come together. First, Halle‐Neustadt has experienced two waves of privatization, leading to a complete change of ownership structures, marked by the rise of financial investors. Second, welfare cuts have put increasing pressure on welfare recipients to live in the cheapest housing available. This has led to the emergence of a ‘Hartz IV business model’ based on low, but state‐subsidized, rents. Third, new planning policies have led to a massive drop in house prices, thus facilitating the use of ‘leverage’ strategies for financial investors. We expand on an already developed debate, providing new insights about relations between planning, state restructuring and financialization in a German context. We demonstrate that a broad array of changes in national regulatory settings, policy change in different sectors and local particularities can all be crucial in enabling financialization. We conclude that research should place greater emphasis on the state in providing explanations and take differences in context more seriously.     

Efficiency in the provision of social care for older people. A three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis using self-reported quality of life

Using a three-stage data envelopment analysis approach, this paper explores efficiency in the provision of social care for older people in 148 English Councils in 2009/10. Departing from D'Amico and Fernández (2012) [31] our measure of efficiency is inscribed within the production of welfare framework and based on self-reported quality of life of recipients of the services. Our results indicate a high level of efficiency, but once we control for the effects of a number of environmental variables, we found that more stringent eligibility criteria and higher assessment costs are negatively associated with the efficiency in the provision of social services.