基于DMAS的敏捷化集成供应链管理系统

在分析了敏捷供应链和分布式多Agent特点的基础上,提出了基于DMAS的敏捷化集成供应链管理系统模型,并对该模型中Agent之间的通信、协作以及Agent的体系结构进行了分析。该模型综合了DMAS、CORBA/DCOM等技术,把供应链管理中的各种活动和关系用Agent来描述,从而使得供应链的动态组建以及信息沟通更为方便。     

Taking the leap from dyads to triads: Buyer–supplier relationships in supply networks

A network is made up of nodes and links. The smallest unit that consists of both these network elements is a dyad made up of two nodes (a buyer and a supplier) and the link that connects them (a buyer–supplier relationship).Naturally, the focus of the supply chain management literature has been on this dyad. For instance, a buyer affects a supplier through its supplier evaluation and certificate programs, as well as long-term agreement practices. The relationship between a buyer and its supplier has been characterized as cooperative or adversarial. We have learned a great deal about supply chains through such studies in dyadic context.However, we submit that in a network, a dyad is not the smallest unit of a network. In fact, the smallest unit is a triad, made up of three nodes and the links that connect them. If so, how would this recognition guide us as we move forward to investigate supply chains as a network? What would be its implications to the genre of the literature on buyer–supplier relationships?     

Participation of suppliers in greening supply chains: An empirical analysis of German automotive suppliers

The public increasingly holds companies accountable for environmental misbehavior in their supply chains. To offset that risk corporations start initiatives to green their supply chains. Yet suppliers often fail to properly participate in these initiatives. This paper presents a conceptual framework to explain supplier participation in green initiatives, by investigating customer requirements, supplier readiness, relational norms and customer investment as possible drivers. The framework and hypotheses were tested using survey data of 54 German automotive suppliers. Partial least squares methodology was deployed for hypothesis testing. The study found supplier readiness and customer requirements to be significant drivers in supplier participation. Relational norms and customer investment did not per se yield significant importance for explaining supplier participation, but when taking into account firm size, the data suggests that cooperative relation norms and customer investment work as an additional driver in green supply chain management for larger suppliers. This research is one of the few studies that explore drivers for supply chain participation at the supplier's level.     

试论柔性供应链的构建

21世纪的市场竞争将不是企业之间的竞争．而是供应链和供应链之间的竞争。而供应链竞争能力的强弱，在很大程度上还取决于供应链是否具有柔性。本文首先简要分析了柔性供应链的涵义，其次对如何构建柔性供应链，提出了一些对策措施。     

基于聚类分析的供应链合作伙伴选择

供应链合作伙伴关系的建立是供应链管理的基础。研究的目的是科学、合理地选择供应链合作伙伴,使供应链企业建立起整条供应链的竞争优势。文章将聚类分析引入供应链合作伙伴选择中,建立供应链合作伙伴选择的三阶段法,通过聚类分析对供应链合作伙伴进行筛选,对筛选后的最佳分类进行评价。实现从筛选至精选的过程,可明显提高选择合作伙伴的效率。     

Think exogenous to excel: alternative supply chain data to improve transparency and decisions

Efficient decisions along the supply chain have traditionally demanded sophisticated information sharing processes. Even with decades of research on theoretical and practical developments on integrating systems and stakeholders, in practice, we still seem to struggle to achieve full transparency and mitigate inefficiency challenges. We explore the emerging sentiment analysis technique to augment sales and operations planning with currently unavailable exogenous information. Even though sentiment analysis has gained traction, a comprehensive application in supply chains has not yet been attempted. Relevant topics are reviewed to allow an examination of the key relationships in a process framework, grounded in dual-process and bullwhip effect theory. Our proposed conceptual framework extends our conception of sentiment analysis integration to improve supply chain decisions and performance. The framework addresses managers interested in developing additional analytical capabilities and researchers to initiate further empirical research on the potential held by sentiment analysis in supply chain research.     

Organisational ambidexterity and supply chain agility: the mediating role of external knowledge sharing and moderating role of competitive intelligence

The dynamic growth of a supply chain in an incessantly changing environment emanates from the dynamics of an organisation as well as its supply chain members. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the relationships between supply chain agility and its dynamic precursors including organisational ambidexterity and external knowledge sharing. The research further examines the moderating role of competitive intelligence for the relationship between organisational ambidexterity and supply chain agility. A sample of 381 respondents from chemical manufacturing companies in Vietnam produced the data for analysis. The research results shed light on the chain effect from organisational ambidexterity through external knowledge sharing to supply chain agility. The moderating role that CI plays in the relationship between organisational ambidexterity and supply chain agility was also verified. The findings from the research broaden supply chain literature through establishing the positive effect of organisational ambidexterity on supply chain agility with CI as a moderator for this effect.     

On the design of cooperative vendors’ networks in retail food supply chains: a logistics-driven approach

This paper explores the impact of the adoption of a cooperative approach on retail food supply chains, whose performances are strongly affected by the daily planning of deliveries from vendors. This approach requires a horizontal communication among vendors, and might result in minimising the overall transport costs. Nevertheless, the proper trade-off between costs and return is hard to be foreseen. Building on existing studies, this paper investigates the benefits and the opportunities deriving from the vendors’ collaboration on the delivery process. We provide a decision support tool using an integer linear programming model to explore in a what-if multi-scenario analysis the trade-off between competitive and cooperative delivery regimes. The distribution of order release and fleet availability couple with the geography of the network, allowing for the identification of thresholds of mutual convenience in shifting from a competitive to a cooperative regime. Our methodology, applied to a case study from a regional retailer supply chain, highlights evident benefits, which are sometimes up to 40% of the overall costs, for the retailer, the carriers, and the vendors. Furthermore, accounting for those costs, the tool identifies, for a given supply chain, who actually gains from the collaboration and what those gains are.     

The role of control power allocation in service supply chains: Model analysis and empirical examination

In complex and competitive business environment, there have been many examples of supply chain members fighting for power. Therefore, researchers have begun focusing on the impact of control power allocation on the supply chain. This paper examines the allocation of power in different service supply chain relationships, analyzing the impact of service level on optimal control power allocation and comparing the differences between the optimal power distribution in service supply chains and that of manufacturing supply chains. We adopt a mathematical model building method to discuss this issue, verifying the theoretical perspectives through empirical studies of China's largest state-owned logistics company, the China Railway Company, and the private ownership enterprise, Tianjin SND Logistics Company. We also develop a conceptual model of the influence of control power on the performance of service supply chains, based on the modeling and case analysis. The conceptual model shows several results: the control power allocation determines the dominant structure of the supply chain; the service provider's wholesale pricing strategy and the service integrator's sales price strategy present different outcomes under various dominant structures of the supply chain, which will greatly affect the performance of the corresponding supply chain; and the relationship between the supply chain dominant structure and the price can be adjusted by the service level.     

Efficiency meets accountability: Performance implications of supply chain configuration, control, and capabilities

The public increasingly holds firms accountable for social and environmental outcomes, such as product toxicity problems and human rights violations, throughout their global supply chains. How can companies improve the social and environmental performance within their supply chains, particularly as other competitive pressures, such as cost and quality, continue to escalate? Starting from an efficient versus responsive supply chain framework, we develop an integrative model that blends together elements of supply chain configuration, stakeholder management, and capability development. Specifically, we spotlight the dimensions of control and accountability that collectively determine stakeholder exposure, and show how this new construct affects the linkages between supply chain capabilities, configuration, and performance. In particular, this analysis reveals that the nature of stakeholder exposure determines how social/environmental technical and relational capabilities impact social and environmental outcomes. We conclude with implications for research and practice, discussing how current supply chain theories must be extended to incorporate external stakeholders, to clarify strategies and identify potential pitfalls, and to better predict performance outcomes.     

供应链成本管理的发展与理论方法研究综述

供应链绩效关系到供应链各节点企业的生存与发展,努力降低供应链的成本将成为这些企业获取竞争优势的源泉。在供应链成本现有的研究成果基础上,对供应链成本的发展过程、成本核算的概念框架及成本管理的方法进行了总结和分析,希望以此能为企业提供一个可持续发展和长期竞争优势的可操作性的理论框架。     

供应链核心企业优势生成的理论研究

企业间竞争逐步由个体企业的竞争转变为供应链的竞争,在供应链中培育企业优势和权威地位 成为核心企业整合供应链资源的基础,本文综述了企业的内外部优势源泉,供应链网络中企业的优势源变化 以及目前研究的不足。     

基于供应链合作伙伴关系的项目交易成本分析

供应链管理已经成为企业界理论研究的热点,原来作为企业竞争力量的供应商和购买者现在成为了供应链上的合作伙伴。然而,整条供应链条上的企业仍然是相互独立的成员,交易成本作为供应链上主要的组织间成本,仍然存在。文章根据威廉姆斯提出的交易成本影响因素,分析供应链合作伙伴关系下的工程项目交易成本,提出在有效控制机制下,通过实现供应链合作伙伴关系,可以有效降低交易成本,提升整条供应链上企业的核心竞争力。     

Integrating strategic cost management with a 3DCE environment: Strategies,practices, and benefits

The overall objective of this exploratory research was to examine the possible competitive advantages when organizations integrate strategic cost management into the simultaneous design of products, processes, and supply chains. The concept of concomitantly designing products, processes and supply chains is referred to by Fine [1998. Clockspeed. Perseus Books, Reading, MA] as three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3DCE). While many organizations have adopted concurrent engineering to design new products, few have simultaneously considered cost issues related to designing the supply chain. Fewer still were found to integrate strategic cost management with 3DCE. Thus a case study approach was deemed necessary. Based on case studies of five firms, a framework of testable propositions was developed. The initial findings indicated there is a positive relationship between the customer's and supplier's extent of participation in new product development, supplier development practices, and the integration of strategic cost management practices with 3DCE. The integration of strategic cost management with 3DCE should result in a higher level of operational performance in terms of product performance, supply chain responsiveness, and conformance to quality. Integration should also result in lower product and process costs, faster time to market, and fewer product launch problems. The overall result is a higher level of company performance and competitiveness.     

供应链伙伴关系、供应链动态能力与企业竞争优势关系的研究

通过分析供应链伙伴关系、供应链动态能力和企业竞争优势之间关系,构建了三者之间的概念模型。其中供应链伙伴关系包括信任和承诺两个维度;供应链动态能力包括运作能力、学习能力、协调能力和重构能力四个维度;企业竞争优势包括财务绩效和非财务绩效等两个维度。利用结构方程分析实证结果表明:供应链伙伴关系对企业竞争优势有正向作用关系;供应链动态能力对企业竞争优势有正向作用关系;供应链伙伴关系对供应链动态能力有正向作用,并且通过供应链动态能力对企业竞争优势有间接作用。     

Supply chain performance flexibility in the Australian beef industry

The red meat value chain in Australia is undergoing a rapid change due to globalisation, a highly competitive meat market and increased production efficiency and flexibility. This paper aims to investigate how beef producers can increase supply chain performance (SCP) flexibility by improving supply chain practices. A model was developed and hypotheses were formulated based on the literature review of agri-food supply chains. A survey questionnaire was distributed to beef producers in Australia and the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that performance flexibility was significantly influenced by the supply chain practices: customer relationships and information quality (IQ). Given these findings, beef producers should focus on customer relationships and IQ in order to achieve enhanced flexibility in their SCP. The paper discusses the implications and current practices in beef cattle farming industry.     

中小企业存货质押供应链金融博弈及数值分析

本文根据供应链金融理论,分析存货质押供应链金融融资模式中各主体间的博弈关系,对复制动态方程表示的银行、物流企业及中小企业利益函数进行数值分析,认为存货质押供应链金融融资模式对三方收益具有积极影响,三者之间信任关系的建立及维护对供应链金融融资模式的实施具有重要影响。最后提出了同一供应链条上的核心企业与中小企业加强信任与合作、强化物流企业对中小企业贷款抵押存货的监管、建立和完善银行对中小企业的还款追加制度和存货质押管理制度以及成立中小企业政策性银行四点政策建议。     

Supply chain risk management in India – practical insights

This paper reviews the supply chain risk management (SCRM) literature to identify as well as to discuss and elaborate on the impact and origin of major supply chain risk factors in an Indian context. Through a combination of existing literature and a survey instrument, we identify major SCRM issues including underlying supply chain risks and thereafter identify gaps, issues and opportunities for further research. SCRM has become a popular research topic, in part owing to increased globalisation of business. Moreover competitive factors such as shorter product life cycles, technological innovations and changing government policies have brought this topic more sharply into focus. We carried out a survey among Indian supply chain professionals, based on supply chain risk constructs developed from a literature review. Statistical analysis utilised exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to determine the major risk factors in the Indian supply chain sector. We found a range of supply chain risks prevalent in Indian supply chains, classified here as cultural, operational, infrastructure, economic, forecasting and supplier-related risks. However, for a variety of reasons and as discussed in the paper, the implications can vary considerably. Based on the findings we provide a future SCRM research agenda from an Indian perspective. As international supply chains increasingly have Indian partners and domestic firms within India seek to be globally competitive, the risks need to be better understood. This is the first detailed study on SCRM practices in an Indian context.     

供应链绩效评价研究现状及展望

供应链绩效评价是供应链管理与控制的基础。文章在全面回顾现阶段研究的基础上,从供应链绩效评价框架与指标、系统设计规则研究、评价结果分析与系统学习、评价体系的影响因素几个方面对文献进行了梳理,并指出在将来的研究中需要关注的问题。     

The evolution of supply chain relationships: An interpretative framework based on the Italian inter-industry experience

This paper adopts an inter-industry analysis approach to compare the supply chain evolution of the railway and aircraft manufacturing industries, highlighting the fact that these industries are going through a period of enormous change involving the production system as a whole. In particular, the paper identifies the supply relationship evolution in both industries and analyses the vertical relationships, thus showing how the circulation of information and technology is a crucial factor for supply chain efficiency. These elements are addressed so that an interpretative framework may be developed to broaden understanding of the industry-specific factors that affect firms’ competitive strategies. The paper synthesises the results of a research program focused on the supply systems of the main Italian companies in the aircraft industry (Alenia Aeronautica) and in the railway industry (AnsaldoBreda).