通胀水平和汇率波动对汇率传递影响的实证研究

汇率传递效应在不同国家呈现出不同的效果和结论,而通胀水平和汇率波动程度也在一定程度上影响着汇率传递效应的发挥。文中根据不同的汇率波动幅度和不同的通胀水平将全样本分别分为两个子样本,建立VAR模型,利用累计脉冲响应函数来计算相应的汇率传递率并进行比较分析。结果表明,高通胀环境以及扩大的汇率波动程度都可以提高汇率传递率,使得在此情况下利用汇率政策来有效治理国内通胀成为可能。     

人民币汇率传递的不对称性及其对中国进出口的影响

从汇率传递不对称性角度分析了汇率变动对进出口的影响和对马歇尔-勒纳条件的影响;利用中国进出口的国别面板数据进行实证检验,得出人民币汇率变动对进口的影响大于对出口的影响,人民币汇率贬值对进出口影响大于升值对进出口的影响;根据汇率传递的不完全性和不对称性分析了人民币汇率变动对中国进出口影响的有限性和不对称性的原因。     

An input–output model of exchange-rate pass-through

The impact of the exchange rate on price formation is often debated through a mechanism called the exchange-rate pass-through. Studies of the pass-through generally rely on econometric analysis implemented on time series data. This study examines pass-through to the domestic price level through an input–output model. The proposed model is implemented on a sample of countries, and a number of different variables connected to the pass-through are examined. A comparison across countries and sectors highlights the importance of the construction sector in price formation. National income is negatively related to the pass-through. A high dependence on intermediate imports implies higher pass-through. Price level volatility and pass-through are positively related; whereas a country’s monetary policy stance has no apparent effect. The effect of exchange-rate volatility is unclear; it is negative for the real effective exchange rate, the connection is very weak in the case of the nominal exchange rate.     

Exchange rate pass-through: A generalization

The extent of exchange rate pass-through has been playing an increasingly pivotal role in the transmission of exchange rate shocks and adequate policy responses. We develop a model of exchange rate pass-through that allows the stochastic process of exchange rate to include the lagged values of the velocity of money. We show that the likelihood and extent of pass-through is sensitive to the lagged response.     

国际定价、营销策略与汇率传递:一个分析框架

汇率变动能在多大程度上引起商品相对价格变动是汇率研究的一个重要组成部分。文章对汇率不完全传递的原因进行了总结,在现有研究的基础上,基于微观视角发展了一个国际营销策略性定价分析框架,从微观层面对不完全汇率传递进行了探索。     

Exchange rate and foreign price effects on UK inflation

The issue of incomplete pass-through from exchange rate changes to domestic inflation has received considerable attention. Most models try to account for this by using a variety of assumptions about the costs of changing prices. These suggest complete pass-through, but only after the possible elapse of a considerable delay. In contrast, in this article Graeme Chamberlin and Brian Henry provide evidence that exchange rate effects on inflation may be non-linear and, more specifically, subject to thresholds. Their tentative results suggest this may be important in describing price-setting behaviour in the UK.     

Feeling lonely at work: investigating the consequences of unsatisfactory workplace relationships

Although prior literature reveals that loneliness is a pervasive problem among adults, little research has evaluated the impact of loneliness in the workplace. Given that workplace relationships underlie many important organizational phenomena, it is important to understand whether and how workplace loneliness affects employee behavior. Based on the social exchange model, we hypothesize that in comparison with their non-lonely counterparts, lonely employees will experience lower quality leader‐member and organization‐member exchanges at work such that they will tend to be worse at in-role and extra-role workplace functions. Drawing on the results of our survey of schoolteachers, we present findings to support our hypotheses.     

The exchange rate pass-through in the new EU member states

This paper aims to complete our understanding of the relationship between changes in nominal effective exchange rates and prices in the new EU member states. I investigate the exchange rate pass-through to import, producer and consumer prices for ten Central and Eastern European countries with quarterly data from January 1996 to December 2011. In a first step, the pass-through estimates are derived from a dynamic panel data model through the generalized method of moments. A statistically significant exchange rate pass-through to consumer, producer and import prices is found, both in the short and long run. In a second step, I proceed to an individual analysis, country by country, and find support for an increased heterogeneity in the exchange rate pass-through estimates. In a third step, I assess the drivers of the estimated exchange rate pass-through coefficients and find support for a significant impact of exchange rate volatility, inflation volatility, import dependence, and the output gap, as well as the global outlook.     

关于人民币汇率机制的存在问题及改革初探

人民币汇率问题成为中国经济问题的焦点之一。本文从人民币汇率机制的历史演变的基础上出发,指明了现行人民币汇率机制存在的一些特点,进而得出了现行人民币汇率机制存在问题――强制结汇售汇存在缺陷,人民币缺乏弹性,外汇市场不完善。最后本文在此基础上提出了一些改革人民币汇率机制的建议。     

中国汇率制度改革初探

中国在世界经济中举足轻重的地位决定我国的汇率制度改革会受到多方关注。本文基于中国汇率制度改革的进程和中国政府在汇率改革中的作用,通过对一些金融危机研究的分析,认为适用更宽的汇率浮动区间也许是中国当前汇率制度改革较好的选择。     

THE INFLUENCE OF FUNDAMENTALS ON EXCHANGE RATES: FINDINGS FROM ANALYSES OF NEWS EFFECTS

Abstract As we survey the literature of macroeconomic news in the foreign exchange market, we can by now look back on nearly 30 years of research. The first studies which analysed news effects on exchange rates were established in the early 1990s (see, for example, Dornbusch). Almost at the same time Meese and Rogoff published their influential paper, revealing the forecasting inferiority in exchange rates of structural models against the random walk. This finding has shocked the pillars of exchange rate economics and thus cast general suspicion on research focusing on fundamentals in this field. The eventual rising popularity of event studies can partly be attributed to the re‐establishment of the raison d’être of exchange rate economics. This work focuses on systematically surveying this literature with particular respect to its primary goal, i.e. shedding light on the analytical value of fundamental research. Thus, its major findings are, first, fundamental news does matter, whereas non‐fundamental news matters to a lesser degree. Second, news influences exchange rates via two separated channels, i.e. incorporating common information into prices directly or indirectly based upon order flow. Third, with a few exceptions the impact of fundamental news on exchange rates is fairly stable over time.     

SPECULATIVE CURRENCY ATTACKS AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CRISES

Abstract. This paper reviews the recent theoretical literature on collapsing exchange rate regimes. Using a combination of technique, intuition and realworld observation, we discuss the literature's main insights, point out some unresolved questions and offer suggestions for future research. The survey should be of interest to both specialists and non-specialists in the field of international macroeconomics.     

“汇改”后汇率变动对股票市场的影响——基于具体行业股票收益率的实证分析

使用GARCH和分位数回归模型,以11个具体行业上市公司为样本,对2005年7月＂汇改＂后人民币汇率变动与股票市场中行业股票收益率波动的相关性进行分析,研究结果表明：相对于即期汇率,以远期汇率为代表的汇率预期对行业股票收益率影响更为明显;预期汇率对行业股票收益率的影响具有明显的阶段性特征;在第一阶段,受远期汇率影响的行业主要对远期汇率的升值比较关注,而在第三阶段,不同行业对即期汇率和远期汇率的反应呈现多样化。     

第三方跨境电商结汇平台评价指标体系构建研究——基于模糊神经网络

为跨境电商能顺利解决第三方结汇平台的择优甄别问题,首先通过问卷调查法收集商家意愿,再结合文献研究法重构并完善第三方跨境电商结汇平台评价指标体系,构建模糊神经网络模型加以数据训练,使得训练后的模型具有更好的稳定性、预测性和泛化能力。模型可以帮助从事跨境电商领域的商家有针对性地甄别适合的第三方结汇平台,以减少商家在资金结汇环节上的成本。     

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE EXPECTATIONS: SURVEY AND SYNTHESIS

Abstract.  This paper reviews the empirical literature on foreign exchange rate expectations. Prominent issues are the forward premium puzzle, expectations formation in financial markets, heterogeneity of expectations, market microstructure, time-varying risk premiums and forecast performance. Although much has been learned in each field, this survey highlights the areas of research in which our understanding of the mechanism of exchange rate expectations is still incomplete. Our survey suggests that both irrational expectations and time-varying risk premiums account for the forward discount anomaly, that long-term expectations reverse towards their long-run equilibrium values and that heterogeneous behaviour of market participants has the potential of explaining some of the empirical regularities in the international finance literature.     

Interest rate pass-through in South East Europe: An empirical analysis

This paper investigates the effectiveness of the interest rate channel in three small open economies with rigid exchange rate regimes in South East Europe – Bulgaria, Croatia and Macedonia – during the period 2000–2010. Specifically, we examine the size and speed of adjustment of bank lending rates to the changes in money market rates by employing various cointegration methods. In addition, we assess the stability of interest rate passthrough during the transition period, including the recent economic crisis. The results reveal the existence of a cointegrating relationship among some of the interest rates. We find that the long-run pass-through is far from complete with the exception of Macedonia. The shortrun adjustment of lending rates is also low and sluggish, implying that the domestic monetary policy may have a limited impact on the interest rate channel. Finally, the econometric investigation provides mixed evidence on the stability of the interest rate pass-through. Therefore, the overall findings of the paper support the view that in small open economies with rigid exchange rates the effectiveness of domestic monetary policy through the interest rate channel is quite limited.     

The effects of U.S. monetary policy on Colombia and Panama (2002–2007)

I study the economies of Colombia (floating exchange rate) and Panama (dollarized) to illustrate how the monetary policy of a large economy can export capital structure distortions to small open economies that follow different exchange rate regimes. The paper contributes to the literature on international business cycles in two ways. First, it adds to recent research that extends the Mises–Hayek business cycle theory to an international context. Second, most current research abstracts from effects on the production structures of emerging market economies when analyzing the transmission of monetary policy shocks. This paper seeks to fill this gap by studying structural effects of U.S. monetary policy on the economies of Colombia (floating exchange rate) and Panama (dollarized).     

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO STERILIZED FOREIGN EXCHANGE INTERVENTION

In this paper, we survey prominent theories that have shaped the literature on sterilized foreign exchange interventions. We identify three main strands of literature: (1) that which deems interventions futile; (2) that which requires some market friction (i.e. limited arbitrage) in order for interventions to be effective; and (3) that which advocates the use of interventions as long as they convey signals on the stance of future monetary policy. We contribute to the literature in three important ways. First, by reviewing new theoretical models that have surfaced within the last decade. Second, by further penetrating into the theory of interventions in order to analyze the key features that make each model distinct. And third, by only focusing on sterilized operations, which allows us to sidestep the effects induced by changes in the stock of money supply. In addition, the models that we present comprise both a macro and microstructure approach so as to provide a comprehensive view of the theory behind exchange rate intervention.     

人民币汇率:缓解升值压力,加快制度改革

近一段时间人民币汇率在内外因的共同作用下升值压力巨大,盯住美元的固定汇率制度已经不符合当前中国的经济形势,但是完全放开人民币汇率让其自由浮动在现有条件下也是行不通的,以市场供求为基础的有管理的浮动汇率制度才是目前的最佳选择。     

Examining the link between flexible working arrangement bundles and employee work effort

Empirical evidence regarding the link between flexible working arrangements (FWAs) and work effort is mixed, with the literature showing that some practices are linked to more while others to less work effort. In this study, we argue that this discrepancy may be due to the existence of different types of FWA bundles with potentially distinct effects on work effort. Using Understanding Society, a British national survey, and building on theories related to social exchange, the study examines the link between employee‐centered and employer‐centered FWA bundles, and work effort. This study further tests whether these relationships differ depending on employees' family responsibilities. Based on a sample of 13,834 employees, results show that both employee‐centered and employer‐centered FWA bundles are negatively associated with work effort, and findings for the latter bundle are more pronounced. These negative associations are somewhat stronger for employees with fewer family responsibilities. We infer that employees appear to use employee‐centered FWAs for their intended purpose, that is, to balance life and job demands, while they might perceive employer‐centered FWAs as unfair, resulting in less work effort in an attempt to restore fairness.