瓦窑堡油田中山川区延长组长4+5油层沉积特征

瓦窑堡油田长4+5储层岩性主要为浅灰白色细粒长石砂岩、粉砂岩为主,粒度概率曲线以两段式为主,在观察的基础上,研究长4+5油层的岩性、结构、构造特征,结合该区十几口井的测井资料及粒度参数图件分析,长4+5储层沉积为湖泊三角洲平原沉积,分流河道砂体形成本区的主要储集层,储层分布主要受沉积特征控制。     

鄂尔多斯盆地曹凡峪地区长6储层非均质性研究

曹凡峪地区位于陕西省延安市甘泉县境内,劳山乡西北侧,研究区面积约30km2,是劳山油田主要开发区块之一,主要开采层位为长6油层。曹凡峪地区延长组长6储层发育于三角洲前缘,为低孔低渗储层。通过岩心物性分析、薄片鉴定、录井、测井等资料,对曹凡峪地区长6储层的层间、层内及平面非均质性进行研究,认为研究区长6油层展布主要受沉积相控制,储层非均质性强,要对该类储集层采取有效改造措施,以达到开发区整体高效稳产的注水开发效果。     

GG区块DZ44150井区长8油藏渗流特征研究

研究区储层属于亲水储层,本文主要从相渗特征,含水及含水上升率变化规律以及无因次产液、产油指数变化规律三个方面来研究该储层的渗流特征。研究结果表明随着含水饱和度增加,油相渗透率下降很快,而水相渗透率增加较慢。该油田在生产过程中,含水饱和度在0.4～0.5之间含水上升最快,高含水期含水上升率缓慢减小。由于原油粘度低,随着含水率的增大,无因次产液、产油指数、吸水指数这三个指数都呈现了近似线性的变化规律,含水率95%以后会大幅提高。     

辽河断陷齐3-17-5块莲花油层储层“四性”关系研究

辽河断陷齐3-17-5块莲花油层储层主要为湖底扇相沉积,通过对取心井的岩性统计分析,研究区储层主要以砂砾岩、粗砂岩、中砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩等为主。通过对该段储层测井、录井、岩心和试油等资料的收集、整理、校正、分析,开展了储层特性和油水层解释标准研究,总结出该地区储层的四性关系,并建立了储层油、气、水、干层的解释标准及解释图版,确定出油层的有效厚度下限标准,为储层参数模型建立和油气层识别打下了坚实的基础。     

文51油藏单砂体剩余油研究与挖潜

本文对文51油藏通过相控储层流动单元的划分和分类,重点对Ⅰ类流动单元小河道单砂体从空间组合、平面组合模式两个方面详细描述,并进行了不同的分类,在此基础上,对剩余油潜力进行再认识,重新调整了文51油藏的注采调整方案,通过完善注水的方式进行有效挖潜,调整效果明显。     

白河油区长8油层前置酸压裂研究

本文基于白河长8油层在勘探开发过程中的低产低效问题,在总结该地区储层的物性特征、岩矿组分以及敏感性基础上,分析了前置酸压裂技术在白河油区的可行性,建立了适用于研究区的前置酸液体系,筛选出了相应的支撑剂。通过压裂酸化软件模拟及分析,优化了前置酸压相关参数。     

吴仓堡油区三叠系油层体积压裂技术探索研究及应用

吴仓堡油区三叠系油层有长6、长8、及长9等开采层系,均具有低孔、低渗透、低压、低产等特征,一般不经压裂无自然产能,但是常规水力压裂改造后,单井产量低、产量下降快、油田稳产形势严峻,严重制约了三叠系油藏的有效开发。本文针对三叠系主力油层长6、长8和长9为主要研究对象,结合吴起油田勘探开发过程中的水力压裂改造实践经验,借鉴国内外低渗透、低压致密油层改造先进技术理念,以储层研究为基础,分析了体积压裂的增产机理及在吴仓堡油区开展体积压裂的可行性,探索了吴仓堡油区三叠系油层体积压裂的工艺设计模式,为吴起油田低渗透、低压致密油层开展体积压裂提供了有益的参考。     

辽河油田全过程欠平衡钻井技术应用

本文介绍了辽河油田在古潜山油气资源开发过程中,为解决钻井过程引起的油气层污染问题,应用井下隔离技术在4口井中开展全过程欠平衡钻井技术试验的情况。试验结果表明,该技术在钻井过程对古潜山储层保护作用显著,井底处于平衡或者欠平衡状态下,减少了长水平段钻进过程的储层污染。     

王家湾东南区长6层油藏评价研究

本文过对安塞油田王家湾东南区长6油藏的构造特征、沉积特征和储层特征的综合研究,分析油气富集的主要控制因素,确定油藏类型,了解该区长6油水分布关系及其分布规律,对有利区块进行预测,以指导研究区的滚动勘探开发。     

合水地区长7段致密油效益建产技术探讨

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长7油层组作为研究对象,以多学科交叉研究为指导思想。结合文献调研及生产数据等资料,结合前人研究成果并借鉴邻区研究经验,针对长7段油藏"小而散"且致密的特点,对长7段致密油勘探开发模式与效益建产模式进行了研究和探索。得出了采取小井距、长水平段、大规模压裂的配套技术与水平井整体开发技术相结合的方法,将难采,低产的小区块油气储层连通成片,提高油气采收率,降低钻井成本的结论。通过增加勘探开发方面的投入,以更加充分的资料总结出地区油气富集规律,结合效益建产配套指标,因地制宜,达到"产效并重,产效协调"的效益建产目标。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.