Identifying strategic interactions in Swedish local income tax policies

This paper uses data on Swedish local governments to test for strategic interaction in local tax setting. We make use of a number of indirect predictions from the theories of tax competition and yardstick competition in order to test for the presence of strategic interaction in these forms. Using such additional predictions of the theories serves a twofold purpose—first it helps us establish if the spatial coefficient is due to strategic interactions or merely reflecting spatial error correlation, and second, it helps identify the source of interaction. The analysis provides strong evidence for spatial correlation in tax rates among Swedish local governments. Moreover, we find weak evidence of tax competition effects in the setting of tax rates.     

The Spatial Effects of Wage or Property Tax Differentials, and Local Government Choice between Tax Instruments

This paper considers the spatial effects (on wages, employment, and business capital as functions of location) of a localized differential in source-based wage tax rates or business property tax rates between (for example) a central city and the surrounding suburbs. A simple model is used in which business production uses only labor and capital inputs. Consumers have fixed residential locations but may commute to work. Wage and property tax differentials have effects that are similar in some ways but different in other ways. If given a choice, a local government would choose to set its business property tax rate equal to zero and use only a wage tax.     

The decision to ‘bid for business’: Municipal behavior in granting property tax abatements

We investigate the timing of local economic development incentive offers by estimating duration models of the time to adoption of the first manufacturing property tax abatement offered by a municipal government. The effects of municipal characteristics, incentive prevalence measures, and fiscal stress indicators on the duration of non-abatement regimes are investigated using data for 112 municipalities in metropolitan Detroit during 1974–1992. Median household income and the local property tax price of local public services are found to affect the hazard rates. Most importantly, there is evidence of positive duration dependence, or an emulation effect, with first-time abatement offers.     

加强政府部门合作,提高纳税服务质量

纳税服务是税务部门的主要职责,它涉及社会经济生活的方方面面,同地方政府及其相关部门如财政、金融、工商行政管理、质量监督、海关、公检法、环保等部门发生密切联系。本文分析了税务部门与政府及相关部门协作的主要内容,指出只有建立、健全部门协作体系,充分发挥政府各部门的职能作用,才能为纳税人营造良好的税收环境,从而保证纳税服务质量的提高。     

国家贫困县存在税收竞争吗？

以国家扶贫县为研究对象，考察贫困地区是否存在税收竞争行为。利用空间自回归模型，采用最大似然估计法（MLE），在不同空间权重下分析国家扶贫县的税收竞争行为。研究发现：第一，国家扶贫县之间同样存在税收竞争行为；第二，同一省份国家扶贫县之间的税收竞争要明显强于不同省份国家扶贫县之间的税收竞争；第三，经济实力相仿的国家扶贫县之间税收竞争更加明显。     

个人所得税制度改革的探讨

随着社会经济的高速发展，中国经济发展的市场化已经越来越深入整个经济生活。个人所得税是与百姓生活密切相关的一个税种，在我国税收体制中所占的地位也在逐渐上升，而工资、薪金费用扣除标准制度已成为我国个人所得税法的争议焦点和立法热点。本文将简单介绍我国现行的个人所得税制度及存在的问题。     

Shocks derived from mining windfalls and horizontal transfers: Exploring the permanent income hypothesis in Chilean municipalities from a spatial competition approach

We explore how spatial interaction affects the strategic use of municipal income when deciding between 1) an optimal long-run expenditure strategy versus 2) using the current income to finance current activities, a phenomenon known as the permanent income hypothesis. Even when this hypothesis is grounded in temporal logic, insufficient attention has been given to the impact of spatial dependence on this type of budget decision. Therefore, we present two reasons why spatial interaction adds new insight to this discussion. First, subnational governments located inside larger functional areas have lower average costs due to the population concentration, allowing for coordination between jurisdictions to achieve more power of negotiation and to potentially exploit economies of scale. Second, local government decision-making is not independent of other jurisdictions as municipalities would constantly evaluate the others’ actions regarding local tax effort, spending, and debt. While this spatial consideration remains a challenge for theoretical modeling, we offer empirical evidence to evaluate how robust the permanent income hypothesis is when geography is incorporated. Our empirical approach uses dynamic panel data with spatial dependence on debt, expenditure, and the error term. To evaluate our hypothesis, we exploit panel data from 320 Chilean municipalities between 2008 and 2020 and use two sources of income: non-matched grants via mining windfalls and horizontal fiscal transfers among cities. The evidence indicates that jurisdictions make backward-looking decisions regarding spending; that is, there are no significant differences between the short and long run. The results for debt, however, are not robust. Policy pertaining to the use of public resources should consider the spatial dependence between municipalities which should be a crucial factor in budgetary decision-making.     

基层税务局纳税服务信息化优化研究

国地税合并后,基层税务局依托海量数据优势,实现纳税服务信息化优化势在必行。以C区税务局为切入点,论文深入剖析基层税务局纳税服务信息化发展存在的问题,提出优化基层税务局纳税服务信息化发展的建议和措施,以期为基层税务局利用信息化优化纳税服务提供参考。     

地方政府政绩诉求、政府控制与国有企业税负

以我国2004—2012年A股非金融类地方国有上市公司为研究样本,在区分了省级政府与市级政府控制的基础上,实证检验了各级地方政府不同的政绩诉求对国有企业控制程度是否存在差异及该控制程度对国有企业税负的影响。研究发现：地方政府的政绩诉求（包括财政盈余、相对经济增长率、失业率等）显著影响地方政府对国有企业的控制程度,且省级政府更注重相对经济增长率及失业率,市级政府更关注财政盈余水平;三个政绩诉求中相对经济增长率对政府控制的影响最为显著;地方政府对国有企业的控制程度与企业税负显著正相关;与省级政府相比,市级政府控制的国有企业税负更重。这表明,增加地方国有企业税负是市级地方政府实现其政绩诉求的重要途径。     

税收数据深度利用探析

税收数据在税务总局、省局两级的集中存储、处理和管理为税收数据的深度利用提供了必要的条件。本文探讨了税收数据深度利用的相关概念,分析了当前税收数据深度利用的影响因素,提出了地市级税务机关税收数据深度利用的建议。     

地方财政压力与投资多样性——基于所得税分享改革的研究

利用企业所得税分享改革构建强度倍差模型，使用1997—2012年全国地级市数据，检验了地方财政压力对于投资多样性的影响及相关传导机制。结果表明，地方财政压力不利于投资多样性的提高；在财政压力下，地方容易形成偏向房地产行业的投资倾向。然而，不同地区地方财政压力对投资结构的影响存在异质性。经济发展水平较低的地区在财政压力下更容易降低投资多样性；而经济发展水平高的地区应对财政压力时，更倾向于通过多元化投资的方式做大税基、减轻财政压力。优化分税制结构、建立地方性税种能缓解地方财政压力，对于改变地方“房地产集中型”投资结构有一定的积极作用。     

Optimal taxation and intergovernmental transfer in a dynamic model with multiple levels of government

In this paper, we study the optimal choices of the federal income tax, federal transfers, and local taxes in a dynamic model of capital accumulation and with explicit game structures among multiple private agents, multiple local governments, and the federal government. In general, the optimal local property tax is zero if the local property tax is constrained to be nonnegative, whereas the optimal local consumption tax is always positive. When the local consumption tax is chosen optimally, the federal income tax can be either positive or negative. For most reasonable parameter values, our numerical calculations have shown that with a positive local consumption tax there exists a reverse transfer from local governments to the federal government.     

企业税负与会计信息质量关系研究

以2015—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本，探讨企业税负对会计信息质量的作用方向、作用机制与差异化作用效果。研究发现：降低企业税负可以显著提高会计信息质量，这一结论经一系列稳健性检验后仍成立。机制分析结果表明，降低企业税负能够通过减少融资约束和代理成本两条中介路径来提高会计信息质量。异质性分析结果表明，在纳税贡献高、审计任期短以及分析师关注度高的公司中，降低企业税负对会计信息质量的提高作用更加明显。     

浅议我国现行个人所得税制改革

个人所得税作为调节居民收入分配的一个重要税种,在我国经济生活中起着至关重要的作用。个税调整直接关系百姓钱袋子,在通胀形势下成为关注热点。随着我国经济的增长,居民可支配收入也在逐年增多,但是作为调节贫富收入差距的"个人所得税"这一税收杠杆却滞后于我们经济的变化,这些问题不仅严重影响了税收调节经济的功能,而且对社会稳定也极为不利。本文在阐明了我国个人所得税制改革中存在的相关问题后,有针对性的提出了相关学者的政策建议。     

Use-Value Assessment Tax Expenditures in Urban Areas

Use-value assessment is the practice of valuing land for property tax purposes in its current use, rather than at its full market value. This practice is widespread in the U.S. and is intended to reduce the property tax burden on agricultural land near urban areas and slow the pace of land development. We examine the foregone property tax revenue, or tax expenditure, due to use-value assessment. Data sets for two case studies are employed in empirical estimation of spatial models of the difference between market value and use value, providing the analytic basis for estimates of tax expenditures.     

Trust breeds trust: How taxpayers are treated

Tax compliance has been studied in economics by analysing the individual decision of a representative person between paying and evading taxes. A neglected aspect of tax compliance is the interaction of taxpayers and tax authorities. The relationship between the two actors can be understood as an implicit or “psychological” contract. Studies on tax evasion in Switzerland show that the more strongly the political participation rights are developed, the more important this contract is, and the higher tax morale is. In this paper, empirical evidence based on a survey of tax authorities of the 26 Swiss states (cantons) is presented, indicating that the differences in the treatment of taxpayers by tax authorities can be explained by differences in political participation rights as well. Received: June 2000 / accepted: November 2000     

组织资源能力对税收征管绩效影响的实证分析

按价值取向将税收征管绩效分为税收征管效能和纳税服务品质,讨论组织资源能力对这二者及二者之间的相互关系。采用问卷调查法,运用描述性统计分析,信度和效度检验,验证性因子分析以及结构方程建模模型研究了组织资源能力对税收征管绩效影响,结果发现,组织资源能力对税收征管效能和纳税服务品质具有很强的正向影响,但纳税服务品质对税收征管效能的影响并不显著,且结果为负。说明在中国的国境下,组织资源能力的提高可以提升税收征管绩效,但服务品质的提高却未必能改善税收征管的成本和效益,政府应做好税务管理现代化实施过程的调控。     

企业所得税法对企业组建税务筹划主要方法的探讨

依法纳税是纳税人应尽的义务,而税务筹划亦是其应当享有的正当权利。在现实经济生活中,税务筹划已逐步成为纳税人理财的重要手段之一。在新形势下,企业作为纳税人,怎样熟悉了解我国企业所得税相关法律制度,利用税法所提供的优惠政策及可选择性条款,合法合理进行税务筹划,为企业提高经济效益已经成为当今企业一个必修的课题。     

注册在“避税天堂”的公司确实能避税吗？——基于中国海外上市公司的实证研究

近年来，越来越多的中国企业开始在开曼群岛、百慕大群岛等“避税天堂”进行注册，其初衷一方面是降低税务负担，另一方面是利用国际避税地的各种便利条件提升企业盈利能力。这些企业税务负担的经验数据与实证研究，将为我国应对日益激烈的国际税收竞争提供决策依据。因此，利用中国海外上市公司2011年到2015年数据，对企业税负和盈利能力进行了实证研究。结果表明，在国际避税地注册的企业的税负并没有显著低于其他企业税负；在国际避税地注册的企业的盈利能力一般高于其他企业。     

新税法下企业会计的税务筹划分析

社会经济水平的提高以及市场经济体制改革的深化,使得企业面对的市场环境愈发严峻,企业之间的竞争也越来越激烈,会计工作成为降低成本、提高效率效益的有效途径。基于此,为使税务筹划满足新税法的要求,论文先探讨了企业会计开展税务筹划的价值意义,在研究新税法下企业会计税务筹划受到的挑战之后,重点分析了新税法下企业会计税务筹划的开展途径,以期为相关工作提供参考性建议。