物流系统的复杂适应性研究

在介绍物流系统的基础上,运用复杂适应系统理论对物流系统的基本特征进行了分析,证明它是一个复杂适应系统．并分析了物流系统的复杂适应性,构建了物流系统复杂适应性的概念模型。结果表明．物流系统是一个典型的复杂适应系统,具有学习演化、协同进化、涌现、动态性和环境的交互作用的复杂适应性特征。     

基于复杂适应系统理论的我国政府社会管理改革探讨

运用复杂适应系统理论研究政府社会管理系统的结构及功能,克服目前政府社会管理中存在的问题和缺陷．从而增强政府的公共管理和社会服务能力,具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。文章应用复杂适应系统（CAS）理论分析了政府社会管理的复杂性系统特征,提出了复杂环境下政府社会管理改革的方向和新的管理模式。     

中国在全球海运史中的大国角色——《海上丝路叙事》系列之五

全球的海运史也可以称为是世界各国文化、科技的交流与融合的历史。整个海运史讲述了世界各国从偏安一隅到洲际合作,再到全球化的整个进程,从某种程度上来讲,全球海运史就是一部国家文明的碰撞与交流史。伴随着古代海上丝绸之路的不断扩展,在清朝以前中国曾一度成为全球海运发展进程中的先锋,在海运发展史中扮演着不可或缺的大国角色。全球海运事业的蓬勃兴起日本日本早在唐朝和北宋时期就与中国进行了官方航海贸易,派遣了大量的使节来到中国学习文化、宗教、技术等,到了1592年开始了"朱印状(船)"贸易时代,这一时代日本主     

驾驭财务管理的非线性

财务管理系统符合复杂适应系统的特征,用复杂适应系统的研究工具对其进行研究和探讨,不仅有助于提高企业的环境适应能力和管理水平,更重要的是为企业决策提供了更切合实际的程序化管理方法和依据。本文从复杂适应系统的特征之一非线性入手,建立起企业财务管理系统与复杂适应系统之间的有机联系。     

调水工程复杂适应系统构建及其应急管理途径分析

针对调水工程管理中未充分考虑水质水量的复杂性、不确定性和动态性等问题,从复杂适应系统视角出发分析调水工程系统特征及应急管理途径,建立了调水工程复杂适应系统概念模型。从调水工程事故孕育期、形成初期、发展阶段和全生命过程四种途径实现对调水工程水质水量安全事故的控制,提出了相应的应急管理对策。     

谈对铁路集装箱运输发展的研究

通过对集装箱运输的新发展分析,提出我国应该重视集装箱运输的发展,适应国际贸易和我国经济发展的需要,铁路、公路、海运、内河要协调地发展,以形成综合运输能力。     

基于复杂适应系统理论的我国企业集团协同管控模式研究

如何实现有效的集团管控是长期以来困扰企业管理者的难题之一,复杂适应系统理论的提出,为解决这一方面问题提供了新的思路。本文旨在通过对企业集团系统性以及内外部环境的分析,阐明企业集团管控与内部整合两者的统一性,基于复杂适应系统理论提出企业集团协同管控模式以及通过实施内部整合建立该模式的思路,为企业管理者解决集团管控问题提供有价值的参考。     

外贸萎缩背景下中国海运企业战略转型问题

<正>自2011年起至今,由于世界范围内贸易量的萎缩,导致全球海运需求量急剧下降。在此大背景下,我国海运企业的生存发展面临着严峻的挑战。此外,由于我国海运企业发展中的特殊国情以及企业本身存在的大量不足,使得我国海运企业几乎进入了全面肃杀的"严冬"。生死攸关,战略转型已是海运企业迫在眉睫的第一要务,"变则通,不变则死"。海运企业急需由单一产业、粗放经营、低附加值和恶性竞争的现状,向高附加值高技术含量产业链集约化经营的战略转型。首先,笔者将概述全球海运坏境和我国海运企业的经营现状;然后,分析造成我国海运企业恶劣现状的原因;继而,阐述海运企业战略转型的必要性;最后,对海运企业战略转型的具体措施进行一些建议性描述。     

海运物流中集装箱滞留成本估计

针对海运物流运营过程中运输路线不合理以及海运进口报关报检失误等原因造成海运物流集装箱滞留成本增加的问题,参照灰色系统成本预测理论,构建海运物流中集装箱滞留成本估计模型,通过对辽宁大连海运物流中集装箱滞留成本问题的实例研究发现,构建的海运物流集装箱滞留成本灰色估计模型具有较高的精准度,可以准确的估计出海运进口集装箱的滞留费用,有效地降低集装箱滞留成本,为海运物流企业提高集装箱使用效率提供了科学指导。     

集装箱班轮运输成本项目体系研究

在世界经济形势和格局的变化影响下．班轮公司面临着巨大的成本压力,而传统的海运成本管理计算法,已不能适应现代海运成本管理的需要。文章结合班轮公司实际工作情况．具体分析集装箱班轮公司运输成本预算分析和计算方法,通过对集装箱运输成本预算和动态目标、实际值来源的研究,针对集装箱运输成本主要项目进行具体定义,规划成本发生的流程解析图,并对应形成数学分析模型。初步建立班轮运输企业的成本管理项目指标体系。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.