A linear model for the allocation of instructional resources

An allocation model is proposed for instructional systems which have instructional programs that can be structured in terms of behavioral objectives, instructional activities and required achievement levels. It is assumed that the relevant characteristics of the students and teachers are known and that the instructional resources needed for an activity can be estimated. Carroll's “model for school learning” is used to justify a linear model. Carroll's model hypothesizes that a learner will achieve an objective to the extent that he spends the time he needs. As a first approximation, the degree of learning is the ratio of the time actually spent on learning to the time required. The model can be used for econometric studies of instructional systems and to compare resource allocation strategies.     

教育公平理念下高校贫困生资助体系建设研究

高校贫困生的问题,不仅仅是学生个人的问题,更是一个事关教育公平的问题;高校学生资助体系作为一种补偿制度,在很大程度上实现了人们对教育公平的追求,但是由于现行的资助体系本身和运行过程中存在着诸多问题,引起了公平的失位。因此,基于教育公平理念下贫困生资助体系建设,需要完善和落实国家助学贷款制度;强化责任主体地位;建立新型的资助制度管理模式;构建资助政策体系的实施机制。     

重心下移,激活基层团学组织活力——浅析高校基层团学工作的优化与创新

高校基层团总支和系学生分会在校园文化建设、协助学生管理、加强师生联系等方面发挥着重要作用。本文主张打破院团委独揽全院的学生文化活动的局面,形成眼睛向下,重心下移的工作思路,优化与创新团学工作的方法,激励基层团总支和系学生分会发挥主观能动性,鼓励由基层团学组织承担一部分校园文化活动的组织工作,并通过引入第三方力量来减轻学院团委及院学生会的事务性工作,保证文体活动的质量;增加学生会成员的纵向交流来传承优良的工作作风和高效的工作方法,培养优秀的接班人;摆脱学生会特殊的半行政组织特点的羁绊,切实维护普通同学的权益;建设一支来自学生、管理学生、服务学生的干部队伍,做好学生与学校的桥梁纽带,做好信息沟通工作。     

Default risk and private student loans: Implications for higher education policies

In recent years, the proportion of students facing a binding constraint on government student loans has grown. This has led to substantially increased use of private loans as a supplementary source of finance for households׳ higher education investment. A critical aspect of the private market for student loans is that loan terms must reflect students׳ risk of default. College investment will therefore differ from a world in which government student loans, whose terms are not sensitive to credit risk, are expanded to no longer bind. Moreover, beyond simply crowding out private lending, expansions of the government student loan program will feed back into default risk on private loans. The goal of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the likely effects of the private market for student loans on college enrollment. We build a model of college investment that reflects uninsured idiosyncratic risk and a well-defined life-cycle that is consistent with observed borrowing and default behavior across family income and college preparedness. We find that higher government borrowing limits increase college investment but lead to more default in the private market for student loans, while tuition subsides increase college investment and reduce default rates in the private market. Consequently, higher limits on government student loans have small negative welfare effects, while tuition subsidies increase aggregate welfare.     

The generation of doctorates and their feedback into higher education

The dynamic effects of alternative manpower policies and programs can be “pretested” in a computer based simulation. It is generally recognized that the production of Doctorates depends to a large degree on the Doctorate-holding faculty. Because the doctorate holders are in great demand by the other sectors of the economy, a circular or a “feedback” situation exists. The problem is further complicated by the availability of developed student talent and by various socioeconomic conditions existing at different periods of time within two or three decades prior to the time a study is made.

This paper attempts to develop a conceptual and a mathematical model to study the production of Doctorates, Masters' and Baccalaureate degrees and their feedback into higher education. The model consisting of over 200 non-linear difference equations is programmed for computer simulation and validation against historical data. Currently simulation is used to describe what has happened in the past. Once this phase is accomplished, the model can be used to prescribe what will happen in the future with a fair level of confidence.     

基于任务驱动的高职大学生消费支出行为调查与分析

随着社会的发展和学生群体的改变,大学生的消费状况和行为会不断产生新的变化。通过学生参与的自我调查和分析,对于了解大学生的消费支出更有意义。论文基于课堂教学中任务驱动的动机,主要就调查的结果进行分析,并提出了有益的建议。     

浅谈怎样当好高职院校辅导员

高职院校辅导员是高职院校学生管理工作的骨干力量,对实用技术型人才的培养,作用非常大。本文结合高职院校学生的特点,从辅导员应当具备的素质和能力,高职院校班级管理的方法与经验,高职院校的培育目标及学生应具备的能力等多方面阐述了怎样做好高职院校的学生工作,怎样当好高职院校辅导员。     

Participation behavior and distributional consequences under a multiple constrained housing program

A distinguishing feature of supply-side housing subsidy programs is that potential participants must jointly accept the multiple constraints imposed by the programs in order to get the subsidy. This paper investigates how information about this feature and the characteristics of the participants can be used to model the conditional probability of participation and to determine the sources of equity/inequity in the distribution of benefit from such programs. The benefit is explicitly estimated in terms of the Hicksian consumer surplus measure using data from the Section 8 New Construction program. Among other findings, it is shown that the probability of participation is a positive function of the perceived benefit but a negative function of the participants' income.     

Inferring welfare maximizing treatment assignment under budget constraints

This paper concerns the problem of allocating a binary treatment among a target population based on observed covariates. The goal is to (i) maximize the mean social welfare arising from an eventual outcome distribution, when a budget constraint limits what fraction of the population can be treated and (ii) to infer the dual value, i.e. the minimum resources needed to attain a specific level of mean welfare via efficient treatment assignment. We consider a treatment allocation procedure based on sample data from randomized treatment assignment and derive asymptotic frequentist confidence interval for the welfare generated from it. We propose choosing the conditioning covariates through cross-validation. The methodology is applied to the efficient provision of anti-malaria bed net subsidies, using data from a randomized experiment conducted in Western Kenya. We find that subsidy allocation based on wealth, presence of children and possession of bank account can lead to a rise in subsidy use by about 9% points compared to allocation based on wealth only, and by 17% points compared to a purely random allocation.     

高校学生工作绩效评价研究

本文分析了高校学生工作的内容及特点,构建了高校学生工作评价指标体系,通过问卷调查采集分析数据,应用层次分析法确定各层评价指标的权重,运用模糊综合评价方法构建了高校学生工作绩效模糊综合评价模型。     

独立学院学生教育管理模式的研究与实践

独立学院的学生教育管理是高校学生教育管理的新领域。独立学院学生教育管理工作应当结合独立学院运行实际,在深入分析独立学院学生特点的基础上,围绕教育管理队伍建设、教育管理制度完善、教育管理体制机制建立等方面,进行改革实践和系统研究,形成一套适应于新形势下独立学院学生教育管理的优化模式,使学生教育管理工作不断取得新的突破和创新,为提高独立学院人才培养质量提供了良好的保障。     

“以学生为中心”谈高校学生管理

高校学生管理工作任务繁重而又艰巨,面临许多问题,本文分析了我国高校学生管理中学生主体失落的外在原因和深层次原因,倡导"以学生为中心"的学生管理理念,走近学生,贴近学生,做好学生的管理工作,成就科学的学生管理模式。     

高校学生干部定位和现状调查分析——以南京财经大学信息工程学院为例

随着高等教育的扩招,大学教育已经从精英教育转变为大众教育,而高校学生干部是大学生的优秀代表,关注这些精英的成人、成才成为高校学生工作的重要内容。本文以南京财经大学信息工程学院学生干部为调查对象,针对当前高校学生干部的定位和培养现状进行调研分析,认为学生干部的定位较清晰、现状较乐观,但创新能力的培养和思想政治素质的提高有待进一步完善。     

关于高校学生社团管理的思考

高校学生社团是高校大学生自发组织起来的学生群众性组织,是学校对广大学生进行思政建设、学风建设和校园文化建设的重要载体和有效途径。现就新时期高校学生社团发展提出了一些对策,使学生社团在高校育人过程中发挥更加积极的作用。     

Sample selection bias with multiple selection rules: An application to student aid grants

This paper extends the sample selection bias correction procedure, developed by James J. Heckman, to the case of multiple selection rules. Estimators are presented for independent selection rules and a consistent estimator for the variance-covariance matrix is derived. The methodology is applied to the problem of estimating the financial aid available to U.S. highschool students for college education. In order to be observed in receipt of financial aid, a student has to be both enrolled in college and to have had an expected value of aid in excess of the costs of applying. Both of these sources of selection bias were found to be important.     

Effect of university heritage and reputation on attitudes of prospective students

• This study examines the impact of heritage and reputation of nonprofit universities on attitudes of prospective students. Data were collected from 208 community college (preuniversity) students in the USA. Results from structural equations modeling indicate that university heritage positively impacts university reputation, potential students' attitudes, and intentions to pay a tuition premium as well as to recommend the university. Students' nationality moderates the relationships between university heritage, reputation, and attitudes. International students from Asian nations with a long‐term orientation exhibit stronger relationships between these variables than domestic students from the USA. These findings add to the nascent and emerging literature on branding of nonprofit higher education institutions and will be of interest to administrators and marketing managers of universities to nurture and extol their university heritage in student recruitment programs, especially in promotional materials targeting international students.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈高校学生宿舍管理的策略

学生宿舍是学生在学校学习期间重要的生活和学习场所,也是学生在校期间进行社会交际的主要平台以及进行学生德育的重要基地。因此,在当前高校学生的思想道德教育极其受关注的背景下,学生宿舍的管理工作在整个学校的管理中显得异常重要。本文主要从德育、制度、资源和文化四个方面对高校学生宿舍的管理策略进行了探讨。     

略论计算机信息技术在高职院校学生管理中的应用

将计算机信息技术应用于学生管理,是实现学生管理科学化、现代化的重要手段,对加强和改进高职院校学生管理、提高管理工作效率具有重要作用。本文针对高职院校学生的特点和变化,提出了计算机信息技术应用于学生考勤、宿舍管理及其它方面的设想。     

创业技能教育对大学生创业意愿的影响研究

本文通过文献分析和实地访谈,界定了大学生创业技能维度和各要素的定义,构建了大学生创业技能各要素对其创业意愿的影响模型;通过对在校240位大学生进行问卷调查,并运用相关分析法和多元逐步回归法分析有效数据,结果发现:大学生创业技能各要素与其创业意愿均显著正相关。其中,风险承担能力、社交能力、自制能力、团队协作能力、创新能力、战略能力和承诺能力是影响大学生创业意愿的关键技能要素。最后,对高校如何培养大学生创业技能,以提高其创业意愿提出合理的建议。