加入WTO要掌握游戏规则

什么是ＷＴＯ的竞争原则 ?中国企业怎样根据这个原则制定短期或长期的经济发展战略。这里讲两个问题 :一是ＷＴＯ企业竞争原则 :中国企业怎样提高竞争力 ,才能在国际竞争中有自己的地位。要弄清这个问题 ,最重要的是要懂得ＷＴＯ的竞争规则 ,否则我们的努力都会白费。什么是ＷＴＯ企业竞争规则呢 ?一是从法律上谈 ,另一方面是从经济上谈。法律上的规则一般说是已经制定好的 ,而市场经济的规则将会根据市场来制定。目前有些规则可能还没定 ,但作为一个企业家从战略上考虑 ,就应该预计到一个即将出现的规则。要了解ＷＴＯ有哪些规定 ,要知道游…     

中国企业环境保护及压力探源

随着环境问题的日益严重,环境越来越受到世人的关注,在经济全球化进程中企业环境责任的空前拓展,国际贸易与竞争规则发生了重大变化.     

温商走出国门的战略选择及策略

<正> 改造企业竞争力疲乏的普遍性等问题,关键是要将我国经济融入全球产业链,积极地参与国际性竞争。譬如我们的企业利用WTO规则中的原产地原则和美国、欧盟等发达国家对贫困落后的非洲、中北美国家的援助性的贸易政策,积极实施走出去战略,主动把竞争向贸易市场的前沿推进便是最有力的证明。同时我们也看到,对各国之间开展的国际贸易方面,在制定了许多公平措     

浅析资本经营

<正>目前,世界经济更趋于全球化、一体化、信息化、网络化。中国加入WTO 之后,把我国经济直接融入全球之中。由此,中国企业面对更加竞争激烈的世界市场,直面许多新的经济运行规则,加之,国际资本大量涌入中国,资本结构的多元性、融资渠道的多样性。面对融资技术的复杂性,企业必须认真地研究资本经营的方式,才能在复杂多变的激烈竞争的市场中求得生存和发展的空间。本文就资本经营的一些问题作一些初步的分析。     

通过绩效管理建立集团公司有效的监控体系

<正>环境的不断变化,改变了企业竞争的规则,迫使企业参与更为全面的竞争,不仅包括产品、服务在市场上的竞争,更包括企业内部素质与能力的竞争。集团公司管理体制和运营机制面临着激烈的市场竞争所提出的适应性挑战。     

试论企业会计政策选择的原则问题

会计政策在形式上表现为会计过程的一种技术规范,但其本质上是一项社会经济和政治利益的博弈规则和制度安排,不同的会计政策选择产业企业不同结果的会计信息,会对企业利害关系集团产生不同的利益分配结果和社会资源配置效率;因此会计政策选择不仅具有广泛的经济后果,而且还是各相关利益集团为转移财富而进行的政治博弈和竞争。该问题的研究价值日益凸现,并将成为二十一世纪中我国会计研究特别是资本市场会计问题研究中的一个崭新而重要课题。     

供应链:企业竞争新阶段

进入21世纪,人类从工业经济时代进入了知识经济时代,这个时代的商业环境和商业规则都发生了根本性变化,这必然引发一场企业生产过程组织与管理模式的革命。以往企业与企业的竞争,将演变为一个企业供应链与另一个企业供应链之间的竞争,企业最根本、最核心的竞争力在于对供应链的管理。     

企业网络和波特的竞争战略

本文在分析企业网络的特点上指出了波特的竞争优势理论在企业网络中的运用；在网络经济时代，企业网络的竞争规则和波特的竞争规则已有所不同，企业网络的竞争是利用信息链，提倡时间领先的战略指导下的竞争谋略——协作竞争．     

企业定位战略的演化

在过去几十年的发展中，技术进步与经济全球化正在改变着企业的经营环境和企业竞争的规则。企业经营环境的变化不仅影响了企业的战略行为，而且也将推动学术界对企业战略管理理论和方法进行反思及发展。本文以定位为切入点，试图分析企业竞争战略的演化过程，并提出适应现代企业竞争环境的定位战略模式，丰富企业竞争战略的理论，同时为企业赢得竞争优势提供借鉴与参考。     

我国卷烟生产企业市场结构优化的对策分析

随着中国经济与WTO规则的日益融合,外国卷烟逐渐进入国内市场,中国烟草市场将不可避免地遇到来自各大跨国烟草公司日趋激烈的竞争压力和挑战.为了获得规模经济效益、提高企业技术水平和创新能力、应对国外烟草企业的竞争,有必要提高我国卷烟市场的集中度,优化市场结构.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.