基于回路分析的含分布式电源配电网简化潮流计算

文章结合回路分析,针对含分布式电源配电网简化的相关问题,提出一种有效的含分布式电源配电简化潮流计算方法,并立足于回路分析法,结合配电网的实际情况,对配电网各节点电压方程进行简化,使其能直接转化为线性代数方程,更好的适用于电源配电网计算与管理,具有较高的应用价值。     

分布式电源对配电网的影响探究

分布式电源在配电网方面缺乏相应的支撑技术,文章研究了各类分布式电源对配电网的运行造成的影响,针对其结果,从分布式电源的运行以及接口进行分析,从而得到不同影响的原因;针对分布式电源对配电网造成影响条件的不同,对影响进行可靠性评估,并在此基础上提出相应的解决措施。     

浅谈分布式电源的配电网规划与优化运行

近年来国家大力发展清洁能源,分布式电源规模快速增长。由于大量分布式电源接入城市配电网,给城市配电系统造成一定的影响。配电网在建设过程中,需要综合考虑到分布式电源接入情况,从而合理规划配电网,确保配电网系统的安全性和可靠性。本文简单概述了分布式电源以及分布式电源对配电网规划的影响,并在此基础上采用计算机仿真得出,邻域搜索算法在优化分布式电源配电网效果明显。     

基于反向思维进化算法的分布式电源选址和定容

以含分布式电源配电网规划为研究对象,提出一种反向思维的进化算法,对配电网规划中分布式电源的选址和定容进行优化。建立了含分布式电源配电网规划模型,利用Matlab仿真工具对所提算法进行了仿真,算例仿真结果表明,本算法全局搜索能力较强,收敛速度较快,可适用于配电网的规划优化。     

分布式电源接入配电网电流保护研究

分布式电源在接入配电网的同时也会对电力系统的实际运行造成一定的影响,而其对于配电网继电保护的影响尤为突出,因此,必须对配电网保护进行一定的调整与改进,才能够符合分布式电源的接入要求。文章首先分析了分布式电源接入配电网后对电流保护的影响,并以分布式电源接入点不在母线位置的情况为例,提出了配电网电流保护方案。     

浅析分布式电源接入对配网的影响

随着新能源的开发利用，分布式电源接入配电网的规模越来越大，其对配电网的影响必将越来越大，本文从分布式电源的特点入手，比较浅显地分析了其对配电网的影响。     

基于源荷电压的主动配电网运行分析

针对传统配电网优化决策中鲜有计及电压响应特性的不足,考虑电压特性对配电网中源荷功率平衡方式以及潮流分布的影响,提出了一种考虑源荷电压特性的主动配电网优化运行方法。以配电网购电成本最小为目标,以无功补偿容量、分布式电源功率有功、无功功率为决策量,构建考虑源荷电压特性的主动配电网运行优化模型,并基于GAMS优化平台选用CONOPT求解器对所提优化模型予以求解。最后,通过实际41节点配电系统及PG&E 69节点配电系统算例验证了所提考虑源荷电压特性的主动配电网运行优化方法的有效性和优越性。     

含分布式电源的低压配电网设计

目前,随着智能电网的不断优化,分布式电源取得较大的发展,配电系统中接入了越来越多的分布式电源,这在一定程度上影响了配电网的设计。文章针对含分布式电源的低压配电网设计相关问题进行分析和探究,首先介绍了分布式电源的概念,然后阐述了分布式电源接入配电系统对低压配电网设计的影响,并对含分布式电源的低压配电网设计相关知识进行探讨。     

分布式电源对配电网过电压的影响分析

由于分布式发电装置的应用,配电网逐渐变为有源环网,为电力系统安全运作设定了更高标准。文章简要分析了分布式电源对配电网过电压产生的影响,通过电磁暂态仿真软件对变电站的配电网实行了分析验证,且对其过电压水平实行对比研究。试验结论反映,分布式电源的种类和容量、负荷能力和参变量对过电压的作用较大。     

关于分布式发电对配电网继电保护影响的分析

分布式发电是一种新型、经济、高效的发电技术,在接入配电网之后对电网系统继电保护会产生较大的影响。随着科学技术的发展,这种技术也得到了飞速发展,然而大量的分布式发电的接入造成电力系统由传统单一的供电模式转变成为遍地分布和互联网相串联的网络结构,促使电网在社会发展潮流中从根本上发生变化。本文针对传统单电源防渗是配电网络特点分析,研究了分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响,进而为同行工作提供参考。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.