中国装备制造业全要素生产率增长的波动与异质性

研究目标：中国装备制造业及其细分行业TFP增长率的测定与分解。研究方法：构建超越对数形式的随机前沿生产函数模型,测算中国装备制造业及其细分行业TFP增长率,并对其进行分解。研究发现：中国装备制造业TFP增长率不但在区域和省份之间存在差异,而且存在明显的内部行业异质性;技术进步和配置效率变化分别是提高和阻碍装备制造业TFP增长率的主要原因和障碍;除技术进步均为正值外,技术效率变化、规模效率变化和配置效率变化在装备制造业各行业中异质性相当明显;装备制造业及其细分行业仍未从真正意义上实现由粗放型向集约型增长方式的转变。研究创新：中国装备制造业细分行业TFP增长率及其异质性。研究价值：为装备制造业转型与升级提供经验证据。     

中国服务企业生产率异质性与资源再配置效应

本文采用世界银行提供的中国服务企业调查数据,运用半参数的LP方法测算了中国服务企业的全要素生产率（TFP）,并进一步将TFP分解考察了中国服务业TFP的增长源泉和市场资源的再配置效应。结果表明：管理、设计和通信等中间投入对服务企业产出的贡献率是最高的;中国服务企业TFP总体上呈现出上升态势;不同类型企业和行业的TFP水平及增长率存在较大差异。TFP分解后发现,中国服务业TFP的增长主要是靠外部市场需求和企业自身进步同时拉动的;但劳动力资源产生了误置,且国有化程度越高的技术密集型服务行业的资源再配置效应越差。与制造业企业的比较显示,中国服务企业的规模、TFP水平和增长率普遍偏低;总体上服务企业间的再配置效应优于制造业企业,但再配置效应在各服务行业上表现出更强的异质性。     

基于随机前沿面神经网络的TFP贡献率测度

针对全要素生产率(TFP)贡献率测度的问题,研究了用神经网络来测量TFP贡献率的方法和用随机前沿面来测量TFP贡献率的方法;指出了这两种方法在测算中存在的缺陷。并在此基础之上,提出了运用随机前沿面模型构造出随机前沿面神经网络来测量TFP贡献率,从而实现了利用随机前沿面神经网络模型进行TFP测度贡献率。全部计算过程都通过了编程计算,收进我们自己的软件系统DASC。     

国家审计、非效率投资与制造业企业全要素生产率

基于2010—2018年审计署实施中央企业审计事件样本,采用多时点双重差分模型考察国家审计对制造业企业TFP的影响效应和机制以及非效率投资的作用路径。研究发现,国家审计显著促进了制造业企业TFP的提升,这种提升主要是通过缓解代理问题和抑制高管超额在职消费发挥作用的。非效率投资在国家审计对制造业企业TFP影响过程中发挥了部分中介效应,即抑制非效率投资是国家审计促进企业TFP提升的重要作用路径。进一步地,二次审计正向调节了国家审计对企业TFP的影响效应。国家审计的促进作用在非效率投资程度高的企业中更为显著,且主要缓解了制造业企业投资不足问题。研究结论为微观企业借助审计监督力量更好实现经济高质量发展、优化审计治理机制提供了路径参考。     

一种新的考虑全要素生产率的成本函数估计法

研究目标：探索全要素生产率异质性对成本函数模型估计的影响。研究方法：简要归纳出各类成本函数族和基于半参数法的生产函数改良思路,将以往用于生产函数估计的Olley-Pakes（OP法）运用到成本函数估计中,构建了一个基于半参数估计的成本函数计量模型。研究发现：通过与最小二乘法、固定效应、随机前沿的回归结果对比发现,OP法用于估计成本函数能够在一定程度上控制同步性问题以及样本选择偏差问题,并能测算与分解企业间异质的全要素生产率。研究创新：通过改良成本函数估计方法以控制全要素生产率的异质性和同步性问题。研究价值：对该方法论的探讨有助于成本函数在经济统计、计量经济模型估计、政策效应评估等领域的推广与改良。     

建立生产函数表达式的一种优化方法

生产函数是经济学中的一个重要概念。生产函数在确定科技进步在经济发展中的贡献率、企业的效益、生产行为的有效性等微观及宏观经济分析中有重要应用。因此如何从已知的一组投入产出观测值,估计出生产函数（亦称前沿生产函数、边界生产函数）是一项具有重要意义的工作。 一、现有研究的情况 目前对生产函数表达式的估计主要分为参数方法和非参数方法。参数方法是指在投入与产出之间假设明确的生产函数表达式,然后根据一组投入产出的观测数据,在满足某些约束下,利用数学规划或回归分析方法来确定表达式中的参数。 Ａｉｇｎｅｒ和 Ｃｈｕ…     

能源效率测度方法：演变、争议与未来

测度能源效率是一项重要的基础性研究工作。本文在分析了能源效率测度方法的演变过程、研究争议以及发展方向后发现：全要素能源效率方法随着全要素框架的设定、假定的放松和新技术的引入,基于DEA的估计方法也经历了从径向到非径向再到基于冗余模型,从距离函数到方向性距离函数再到基于冗余的方向性距离函数,逐步将经济、能源与环境问题纳入统一的分析框架,越来越具有接近现实生产情况与政策含义明确等优势。方向性距离函数与随机前沿分析方法（SFA）的结合以及单要素指数分解方法（IDA）与距离函数的结合所产生的基于生产理论框架的分析方法（PDA）在能源效率测度方面的应用,更加快了各种方法之间交叉融合的发展趋势。Russell型、QFI型、SBM型以及DDF+SBM型的DEA测度的能源效率可以称为和得到真正意义上的能源效率。本文研究对科学认识能源效率内涵,合理测度能源效率水平以及建立规范细致“节能减排”绩效评估框架与政策体系具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。     

金融发展、技术前沿距离与追赶型增长

提高全要素生产率（TFP）是高质量发展的动力源泉。在银行主导型的金融体系下，银行业代表的金融发展在支持中国实体经济方面扮演着重要角色。基于企业技术前沿距离的视角，本文考察金融发展如何影响企业TFP增长。研究发现，中国制造业存在后发企业向技术前沿靠拢的“追赶型增长”。相对于接近技术前沿的企业，金融发展更有利于远离技术前沿企业的TFP增长，即金融发展助推了制造业后发企业的“追赶型增长”。进一步地，这种异质性效应主要体现在国有企业、制度环境好的地区和非劳动密集型行业内。变换TFP测度方法、技术前沿距离指标和金融发展指标及采用工具变量进行内生性检验后结果均稳健。     

谁会高估企业全面预算管理成熟度——基于过度自信理论的一项自然实地实验研究

通过对67家中国企业预算管理人员进行的自然实地实验研究,考察了企业预算管理评价者对企业预算管理状况的评价态度。结果表明:样本公司中有52%的评价者高估了企业全面预算管理成熟度水平,反映了中国企业预算管理人员对企业预算管理实施效果存在较为普遍的乐观情绪;直接负责预算工作的评价者比其他评价者更倾向于高估预算管理成熟度;企业管理人员比基层员工更倾向于高估预算管理成熟度;评价者的工作年限对高估预算管理成熟度没有影响;相对于非国有企业,国有企业中评价者是否直接负责预算工作、是否为管理人员与高估预算管理成熟度正相关的显著性更高。文章为企业了解和把握预算管理人员个人特征对其评价预算管理的影响提供了理论支持和证据。     

超越对数函数要素替代弹性公式修正与估计方法比较

对超越对数函数要素替代弹性估计方法进行专门研究,修正了超越对数生产函数要素替代弹性公式错误,梳理超越对数成本函数各类替代弹性定义,综合考虑数据易得性、估计可靠性、定义合意性以判定各类估计方法的相对优劣。研究发现,受困于共线性难题,基于超越对数生产函数计算替代弹性效果不佳;基于超越对数成本函数计算替代弹性更具优势,影子替代弹性凭借出色的理论性质与强稳健性成为首选。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.