Planning and Uncovering Industrial Symbiosis: Comparing the Rotterdam and Östergötland regions

Industrial ecology is defined as the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems and as such may focus on a geographic area, resource and/or industry sector. In these types of setting, industrial ecology is also often known as industrial symbiosis (IS). The proximity of companies in industrial estates facilitates the linking of utilities and the exchange of wastes and by‐products, which may eventually be useful inputs for adjacent industrial processes. The typical model that has been applied in several regions of the world is one where an anchor‐tenant organization with energy and by‐product linkages is connected to companies physically located nearby. In the case of biomass symbiosis, however, the resource chains are not explicitly arranged by their industrial setting and the supply of waste and by‐products is able to be organized in a more scattered way. In this article, the role of industrial symbiosis is analyzed in respect of the planned industrial symbiosis activities in the Rotterdam Harbour and Industry Complex in the Netherlands and in the application of renewable energy in the Östergötland region in Sweden. The objective of this article is to discuss the similarities and differences between the planned industrial symbiosis activities in Rotterdam and the unplanned biomass and industrial symbiosis activities in the Östergötland region. By presenting this knowledge in this article, it is anticipated that further development of industrial symbiosis application processes may be achieved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

The role of Embeddedness in Industrial Symbiosis Networks: Phases in the Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis Networks

Industrial symbiosis (IS) has emerged as a body of exchange structures to progress to a more eco‐efficient industrial system, by establishing a collaborative web of knowledge, material and energy exchanges among different organizational units. However, even given the potential economic and environmental benefits derived from IS networks, the process of emergence and development of these networks seems far from straightforward. The effective operation of such networks relies heavily on aspects such as trust and general reciprocity, aspects insufficiently covered in the IS literature. Based on the theoretical framework provided by social network analysis and economic geography and the empirical data collected through qualitative methods, based on the approach of Grounded Theory, the authors propose a modelling framework to analyse the main mechanisms in the building of trust and embeddedness and identify different phases in cooperation leading to effective IS exchanges. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Managing Performance Expectations of Industrial Symbiosis

Firms collaborate on environmental management issues for number of reasons, including cost reduction, risk sharing and managing competition. Industrial symbiosis represents a voluntary collaborative approach among firms in geographic proximity. Companies participating in industrial symbiosis have been found to improve their individual economic and environmental performance, while the regions where they are located are thought to benefit through enhanced environmental quality. However, too few studies have actually investigated whether this is always the case. This paper considers a single case on the island of Puerto Rico, where several firms in a predominantly pharmaceutical manufacturing cluster participated in symbiosis initiatives for several decades. It examines whether early stage symbiotic activities, specifically a shared utility, met technical performance and community expectations for improved environmental quality. Results suggest that collaboration does not necessarily lead to expected environmental performance goals. The paper details the circumstances that led to under‐performance of the initiative and the lessons for symbiosis projects in general. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

区域工业共生体内逆向物流渠道的运作模式研究

首先分析了工业共生体与逆向物流的关系,然后根据区域工业共生体内不同共生模式的特点,建立了三种工业废弃物逆向物流渠道模型,最后详尽比较了这三种模式的特点和适用条件,为区域工业共生体内企业选择适合自身发展的逆向物流渠道模式提供了一定的理论依据。     

基于产业共生网络的供应链金融结构模式的研究

产业共生网络是由具有关联性的各种类型的企业通过经济、社会和环境各方面的合作而形成的企业与企业间关系的复杂系统,根本目的是提高经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,将生态学的理论应用于产业发展指导是当今产业界的一个重要发展趋势。基于产业共生网络,分析了供应链金融共生网络形成的必要性和可行性,提出供应链金融共生网络的结构模式,并分析该共生网络的效益。     

Learning strategic cooperative behavior in industrial symbiosis: A game‐theoretic approach integrated with agent‐based simulation

This paper investigates the negotiation phase of industrial symbiosis relationships, where companies exchanging wastes for inputs need to develop strategies on how to share the additional costs to operate the industrial symbiosis business. The business behavior is approached as a “coopetition” problem where companies need to cooperate to reduce waste discharge costs and traditional input purchase costs and dive into competition to pay a minimum share of additional costs (i.e., waste treatment, waste transportation, and transaction costs) of operating industrial symbiosis. A noncooperative game‐theoretical model for sharing the additional costs is proposed that highlights the two strategies that companies can adopt aimed at sharing costs: a fair strategy and an opportunistic strategy. Then, an agent‐based model is used to simulate the game iterated over time and investigate how the players can adapt their strategies according to their past experience. Simulation results show that players learn that playing the fair strategy is beneficial in the long period, despite in the short period they can gain more benefit by playing the opportunistic strategy. Findings of the paper are critically important to reduce the business and managerial barriers against the formation of industrial symbiosis networks and to stimulate innovative thinking of company managers to foster the development of the circular economy. The paper proposes theoretical, managerial, and policy implications, which are discussed in detail in a comparative manner between linear and circular economy.     

柳州市工业物流发展现状及对策分析

工业物流是工业企业生产经营活动的重要组成部分,对于提高工业企业的市场竞争力具有重要意义.柳州作为广西工业重镇,随着工业的快速发展,工业物流也得到了快速的发展,但仍存在诸多不足.文章首先对柳州市工业物流发展的现状进行了阐述,并分析了现阶段工业物流存在的问题,并针对其后续的发展提出了相关建议.     

浅谈工业锅炉系统的节能降耗

工业锅炉是我国耗能最多的设备之一,每年消耗的能源约占整个国家能源消耗的三分之一。而工业锅炉耗能是为了生产二次能源——蒸汽或热水。蒸汽或热水再通过热力管网送往各种用热设备。锅炉、管网和用热设备组成了热力系统,该系统的能源利用率等于锅炉热效率、管网热效率和用热设备热效率的乘积。由此可见,锅炉耗能的大小不仅决定于本身热效率的高低,而且也决定于热力系统的能源利用率。因此,降低工业锅炉耗能必须从锅炉、管网和用热设备三方面系统地考虑。     

State entrepreneurship and regional development: Singapore's industrial parks in Batam and Suzhou

This paper examines a case of state entrepreneurship and regional development through an analysis of the Singaporean government's ‘regional industrial parks’ programme, which began in 1990. To the Singaporean government, this programme was an entrepreneurial venture because it was designed to generate profits through developing, leasing and managing industrial estates in selected locations across the Asia Pacific region. This paper examines two such regional industrial parks, situated in Batam (Indonesia) and Suzhou (China). It finds that as an entrepreneurial venture, the parks have both successes and failures. In addition, the two parks have had different developmental impacts. The paper concludes by arguing that although the entrepreneurial state's strategies are important, host governments must act on these strategies effectively in order to achieve sustained economic development.     

珠江三角洲产业结构升级策略研究──基于中山市产业结构调整的调研

加快经济结构转型、实现产业升级与产业结构升级已经成为保持和加强中山市经济竞争优势的唯一出路。为此,广东省及中山市政府相继制定了一系列有关产业结构升级的政策,但政策的实施效果与政府预期相差甚远。将产业结构升级简单理解为以技术、资本密集型产业代替劳动密集型产业的认识是错误的,过分强调高新技术产业的培育和发展,忽视劳动密集型产业的就地改造和升级的做法是危险的。中山市乃至珠三角对现有劳动密集型产业进行就地改造和升级才是保证经济可持续性发展的当务之急。     

我国工业锅炉节能标准化探讨

文章详细分析了典型发达国家工业锅炉节能标准化发展的现状,总结了我国工业锅炉行业的概况及节能标准化发展现状,并提出了我国工业锅炉节能标准化体系的构建设想。     

基于特色产业集群的巩义县域经济发展研究

培植特色产业集群是加快县域经济发展,提升县域竞争力的重要途径。巩义特色产业集群特点鲜明,其形成和发展既受其地域条件的影响,同时也离不开政府的大力支持。特色产业集群对巩义县域经济的发展起到了巨大推动作用。由巩义特色产业集群发展的经验得知:可以通过发挥政府的扶持作用、完善社会化服务体系建设、发挥集群内企业的主导作用等方面来促进特色产业集群的更好更快发展,从而推动县域经济的发展。     

基于因子分析法的河南省产业素质水平实证研究

区域产业素质就是指区域产业系统的性质或质量,它是区域产业结构的本质。[1]根据多元统计分析方法,对全国各省的区域产业素质水平进行了因子分析;结合河南省实际,就河南省的区域产业素质升级提出相应对策。     

长江沿江主要城市投资环境评价及上海扩大向外投资的方向和对策研究

为了对长江沿江地区各主要城市的投资环境加深了解,并配合上海产业结构的调整,探索上海今后在经济发展当中产业向外疏导,扩大向长江沿江地区投资的可能性,本文采用加权等级尺度法,在征求了专家意见的基础上,推举并筛选出了九大评价指标组成评价指标体系,对长江沿江15个主要城市的投资环境进行了总体性评价和重点产业的适宜性评价。并以此为基础,就今后一个时期上海扩大对长江沿江地区投资的方向及政策思路,提出了若干建议。     

基于层次分析法构建中心-卫星式产业集群风险模型

中心-卫星式产业集群是处在一个区域内的系统,其发展离不开产业集群外宏观环境,也离不开产业集群内企业的经济运行状况。文中对中心-卫星式产业集群的内、外部风险因素进行识别分析,根据内、外部风险的分类,分别对内、外部的风险进行识别分析,明确其危害性。在分类基础上,选择主要影响因素,基于AHP的模糊评估方法,提出中心-卫星式产业集群风险的模糊综合评估模型,使得中心-产业集群和政策制定者能够有效的评价集群的风险。     

变频器在使用过程中的故障及防范措施

交流变频调速技术是20世纪80年代兴起的一种新型技术。它具有调速方便,保护功能完善,组态灵活,可靠性强,节能降耗等特点。当前变频器在工业控制中被广泛应用,成为工控系统中的重要的部件,但在实际使用中由于安装环境和使用方法的差异,不可避免的会出现一些问题。本文就变频器在使用中的一些突出问题及解决办法进行论述。     

Energy Demand,Structural Change and Trade: A Decomposition Analysis of the Danish Manufacturing Industry

This paper examines the relation between trade patterns and energy consumption in manufacturing industries. An input-output decomposition method is used to decompose the change in industrial energy consumption for Denmark into six components, of which three are trade-related. Trade-induced changes in energy consumption have important implications for issues such as international distribution and regulation of energy consumption and emissions. It is shown that a structural change in foreign trade patterns can increase domestic energy demand. This is contrary, however, to what might be expected for a small industrialized country, which is presumed to export products that intensively use inputs of skilled manpower as well as research and development. Finally, calculations carried out at different levels of aggregation are compared. The findings here demonstrate the importance of large variations in energy intensities among subsectors for the calculation results.     

考虑企业社会责任的工业园区废弃物定价策略

考虑制造商承担企业社会责任,构建了工业园区内两个制造商和政府之间的三阶段博弈模型,研究了工业园区废弃物的均衡定价决策。通过模型仿真分析了企业社会责任水平和共生系数对制造商定价、利润和社会福利的影响,并比较了不同废弃物处理情形下制造商的利润。     

基于空间自相关理论的工业产业集群功能区域划分——以湖北省为例

空间自相关分析法是基于对空间单元属性值聚集程度的度量,探讨区域内变量分布的规律性,其原理可用于分析空间格局聚集或分散状态、协调空间格局内主体间的平衡关系。本文首次将此计量方法用于研究省级区域内的工业发展评价分析,创新性地通过定量分析确定了湖北省工业产业集群功能区域划分体系,阐述了工业集群功能区域划分及其与空间自相关性的联系,最后针对性提出各工业集群功能区域的发展方向,强调通过发挥本地优势及周边集群效应,实现湖北省工业产业整体协调、快速的发展。     

利用模块化理念建立工业园区循环经济标准体系结构

建立工业园区循环经济标准体系结构是开展工业园区循环经济标准化工作的重要途径。文章首次采用模块化理念建立工业园区的循环经济标准体系结构,创新性地提出“共用标准模块”、“特性标准模块”的概念。因循环经济标准体系的运行是一个不断发展、增值转换的过程,所以该体系结构是一个开放式的结构,便于根据实际工作需要对其进行不断改进和完善。