产业产值结构与劳动力结构分析

文章从宏观经济的角度出发,研究GDP与就业人数及三次产业GDP与产业就业人数的相关程度。研究结果表明,除第一产业GDP与其就业人数呈现弱负相关关系外,其余均表现高度正相关关系。GDP和产业就业人数作为企业最终产出和成本指标的重要组成,其正向相关关系显著,产业结构的优化调整仍是我国当前重要的经济任务。     

北京市流动人口发展趋势及调控管理研究

北京市人口总量持续增长,其中主要是流动人口迅速增长,流动人口对城市建设和首都发展做出了重要贡献,但也给城市管理和公共服务带来了巨大压力,使城市人口承载力不断面临新的挑战。如何引导人口有序流动,提高流动人口管理和服务水平,促进中国特色世界城市建设的任务已经十分迫切。文章首先分析了北京市流动人口现状,其次采用时间序列法,依据2000年～2011年数据预测到2025年北京流动人口规模约为1340万人（不包括临时性流动人口）。最后从功能定位、城市布局、产业规划、市场和政府、区域一体化、城乡一体化等七个方面提出了北京市流动人口调控管理的对策与建议。     

福州服务业发展的现状、问题与对策

城市是人流、物流、资金流、信息流的集聚中心,是产业的发源地和现代经济的增长极,更是市场交易中心.经过近百年的发展,发达国家城市服务业的产出和就业人数都占其总量的70%以上,经济增长主要来自于服务业.     

产业联系与北京优势产业及其演变

根据经济基础理论,城市经济增长源于城市外部需求.一个城市的比较优势体现在服务于外部市场的产业中.论文基于北京市投入-产出表,依据产业净流出,分析了北京市产业的比较优势及其变化.过去15年来,北京的劳动密集型和原料型制造业的优势逐渐丧失,以电子通信设备、化学工业和机械设备制造业为代表的资本和技术密集型产业正成为优势产业;服务业中,传统服务业从20世纪80年代的优势地位退居劣势地位,取而代之的是知识密集型的生产者服务业,如金融业、软件和计算机服务业、信息传输服务业、广告业、房地产开发业、商务服务、科技交流和推广服务业等.产业联系是北京产业比较优势的显著影响因素,资本、知识和技术是北京市产业比较优势的投入支撑.     

经济两位数增长 北京动力何在

1.三次产业,工业推动 2003年,北京市生产领域对经济增长的推动力主要来自于工业.特别在农业和第三产业受到非典疫情不同程度影响后,第二产业尤其是工业更成为经济增长的主角.2003年,全市生产总值为3611.9亿元,其中,第二产业实现增加值1298.5亿元,对经济增长的贡献率达到41.7%,比上年提高18.3个百分点.     

经济增长目标压力与城市绿色发展

以中国2003-2017年286个地级及以上城市政府工作报告中的经济增长目标数据为基础,对当年经济增长目标与过去实际经济增长均值之差进行归一化,构造经济增长目标压力指数,分析其对城市绿色发展水平的影响及其传导机制.研究表明,经济增长目标压力指数与绿色发展水平之间存在倒U型关系,过高的经济增长目标压力导致城市绿色发展水平下降,其传导机制在于:过高的经济增长目标压力导致地方财政支出、实际利用外资、资本存量、就业人数等增加,工业增加值占GDP比重和人均地区生产总值下降,污染产业产值占工业总产值比例上升、环境治理水平下降,进而抑制了城市绿色发展水平的提升.选择适度的经济增长目标有利于城市绿色发展.     

北京产业结构变化趋势分析

从三次产业和第三产业内部两个角度对北京产业结构变化进行了历史回顾和现状分析,运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,预测了2015年北京的三次产业结构,及三次产业和第三产业主要部门未来的变化趋势.     

构建以石家庄为核心的冀中南经济区

在区域经济发展的实践中,中心城市无疑是带动整个区域发展的增长极和决定因素.近年来,石家庄市在强力推进城镇面貌"三年大变样"的同时,狠抓发展环境优化,大幅提升城市品位和城市形象,对大项目、好项目的吸附力和承载力迅速增强,中心城市的产业定位日益明朗.因此,围绕省会构建冀中南经济区,对于增强我省中心城市辐射带动力,促进区域经济协调发展,加快河北崛起进程具有重要的现实意义.     

北京水资源承载力与承压状态实验研究

本文构建了包含人口、生态和经济因素的水资源承载力指标体系,使用主成分综合评价法对北京市1999-2007年间的水资源承载力进行了指数化分析,并采用相对资源承载力比较法测度了同期北京市水资源承载压力度.研究发现,北京市水资源承载力呈现逐年下降的趋势,水资源承载状态处于"超载状态";同时,承压状态分析发现近年来北京水资源承压度出现逐年回升的态势,暗示北京市水资源的"超载"状态在某种程度上得到一定缓解.     

河南省产业结构与经济增长的关联研究

文章采用2000～2008年数据,应用灰色系统理论建立了实证模型,量化分析了河南省不同的产业投入对经济增长的贡献差异.研究结果表明,实证模型对于通过三个产业投入来预测河南省的经济增长具有良好的预测精度,对于科学制定经济政策能够提供一定的智力支持.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.