国有能源企业培育企业家精神的意义及路径探讨

党的二十大报告提出，“完善中国特色现代企业制度，弘扬企业家精神，加快建设世界一流企业”。能源行业作为国家经济命脉，与国家战略安全、产业转型升级、国计民生、公共服务等紧密相关，在保障能源安全和促进经济增长等方面发挥着重要作用。进一步激发和保护国有能源企业的企业家精神是我国新发展阶段的现实需要，也是助力社会经济发展的关键要素。本文系统地阐释了新时代国有能源企业的企业家精神内涵，并围绕培育企业家精神提出了具体建议。     

基于创新视角的企业家精神异质性分析

本文通过对企业家精神进行分析,构建了相关模型来认知企业家精神的构成要素,在分析模型的基础上,将企业家精神的构成要素分为两类:一类是核心要素,另一类是表现要素。在此基础上,对企业家精神的构成要素进行实证分析,建立评价企业家精神的指标体系,提炼出企业家精神的核心要素。通过实证研究,对中国企业家精神的构成要素按照影响程度的大小进行排序,对企业家精神最主要的四个构成要素进行分析,阐述它们之间的相互关系,论述企业家精神受不同的产业生命周期、企业规模、企业所处地区、企业性质的影响所产生的差异,认为应不断完善有利于企业家精神培养的环境、吸收有益的传统文化,以促进中国企业家精神的培育。     

基于企业家层面的新创企业国际化驱动力研究

传统国际化理论对企业国际化的动因与行为的分析只停留在企业与环境层面上探讨企业,没有深入到人的因素,忽略了企业家在企业国际化过程中的作用。而企业家作为决策者,支配着企业的商务活动,对包括国际化在内的企业战略制定与实施产生重要影响。本文结合新创企业国际化的新发展,把企业家层面的分析引入到国际化的分析框架之中,从企业家特质、企业家认知和企业家网络三个方面探讨了新创企业国际化中的企业家驱动力。     

企业家精神的美国式解读

一、引言 企业家精神是组织健康长寿的基因和根本,是企业核心竞争力的唯一真实来源,对企业的成功发展至关重要。一个活跃的市场、土地、劳动者、资本等要素只有在具有企业家精神的人手中,才能在复杂多变的竞争环境中发展壮大起来,才会真正成为财富的源泉。正是由于一批批雄心勃勃、富有革新精神的优秀企业家前赴后继,不畏挫折与失败,才成就了世界一流的伟大企业,并创造出种种经济奇迹,     

企业家精神的美国式解读

一、引言企业家精神是组织健康长寿的基因和根本,是企业核心竞争力的唯一真实来源,对企业的成功发展至关重要。一个活跃的市场、土地、劳动者、资本等要素只有在具有企业家精神的人手中,才能在复杂多变的竞争环境中发展壮大起来,才会真正成为财富的源泉。正是由于一批批雄心勃勃、富有革新精神的优秀企业家前赴后继,不畏挫折与失败,才成就了世界一流的伟大企业,并创造出种种经济奇迹,     

新创企业国际化过程中的企业家特定能力研究

新创企业国际化的蓬勃发展对传统的国际化理论提出了挑战,第三代企业家所拥有的企业家特定能力是新创企业国际化行为的驱动因素,本文把新创企业国际化过程中的企业家特定能力界定在以下几个方面：机会能力、关系能力、概念能力、整合能力、战略能力、承诺能力。企业家正是通过界定业务范围、培育组织能力和设置目标并采取行动等任务而作用于企业的国际化成长。     

战略制定与企业家精神

从创新精神、冒险精神和挑战精神入手,论证了在企业战略制定过程中发挥企业家精神的重要性;对我国企业战略制定中企业家精神的缺乏和使用过当两种形态,进行了原因和后果分析;分别从思维和行为两个方面,提出了发挥企业家精神的具体手段和措施。     

企业家精神对国际化影响研究

一系列研究表明,企业家精神对企业国际化水平产生深远的影响,本文以万达集团为例,通过三个相关论题来探究这个有意义的问题。首先,本文对企业家精神进行简单梳理,在此基础上,确立了三条重要的企业家精神影响国际化的具体途径,然后我们用这三条途径分析了大连万达集团有限公司的国际化行为。最后本文依据三条路径总结了研究企业家精神对国际化水平影响的意义并就今后企业国际化提供意见建议。     

董明珠的管理艺术

<正>企业高质量发展离不开企业家精神，而董明珠所展现出的企业家精神，已经融入了格力电器企业管理各个方面。珠海格力电器股份有限公司（简称格力电器）于1991年正式成立，从最初组装生产家用空调，到如今成为集家用电器、智能装备、工业制品、精密模具等业务为一体的全球家电制造业中的佼佼者，标志着“中国制造”走上了国际舞台。格力电器的国际化，不是简单的产量和销量的国际化，而是品牌的国际化。     

论"企业家"与"企业家精神"

企业家与企业家精神是包含了众多特殊性质的，由多种要素组成的内涵广泛及意义丰富的文化有机系统。文章在简要总结以往研究成果的基础上，系统阐述“企业家”和“企业家精神”的概念，突出两者在当代国民经济中的重要作用，并扼要提出培养企业家和企业家精神的方法。     

Confucian Entrepreneurship: Towards a Genealogy of a Conceptual Tool

The concept of the ‘Confucian Entrepreneur’ is now used by many scholars to understand entrepreneurship in China and other East Asian countries. This paper traces the development of this concept from its roots in the writings of nineteenth-century Western authors to its use in modern management journals. We show that while this conceptual tool has been adapted over time, the claims associated with it have remained largely similar. Use of the term Confucian entrepreneur implies belief that Confucian ideas induce Chinese entrepreneurs to behave differently than their Western counterparts, a claim for which the empirical foundations are weak. We do not go so far as to say that those who research Chinese entrepreneurship should discard the concept of the Confucian entrepreneur simply because of its historical origins in colonialism. However, we do call on researchers to reflect on the historical origins of their conceptual tools. By historicising our theories of entrepreneurship, this paper should encourage greater scholarly reflexivity and thus the development of entrepreneurship and management theory with greater predictive power.     

Entrepreneurship research in China: internationalization or contextualization?

Entrepreneurship is an emerging research field that has received much scholarly attention in recent decades. Given the global scope of this attention, this article compares entrepreneurship research in China with that in the USA and Europe. Based on publications in Social Science Citation Index and Chinese Social Science Citation Index databases over the past 10 years, we use bibliometric method to analyse entrepreneurship research in different regions. Our analysis shows that, on the one hand, entrepreneurship research in China has much in common with such research in the USA and Europe. In addition to borrowing ideas from Western researchers, Chinese entrepreneurship researchers study similar themes and use similar theoretical foundations. On the other hand, Chinese contextual environment helps preserve the uniqueness of its entrepreneurship research. Researchers deal with several context-specific topics such as guanxi, i.e. networks of interpersonal relationships, and its influence on entrepreneurship. We further discuss ways for Chinese researchers to explore the distinct context and contribute to the global literature.     

Entrepreneurship in the public sector: a framework of analysis in European local governments

In this paper we explore the potential role of entrepreneurship in public sector organizations. At first, we present a review of the entrepreneurship theme in the political science and public management research streams, comparing these ideas with the mainstream business literature on entrepreneurship. Thereafter, we illustrate empirically how Stevenson's classical framework of entrepreneurship can be applied in a European local government context to explain the recent initiatives to compete for and utilize European Union structural funds. The empirical basis of the study is comprised of ten in-depth case studies of local government organizations, five in the UK and five in Italy. Finally, we propose five distinct types of entrepreneurial agents in the public sector: professional politician; spin-off creator; business entrepreneur in politics; career-driven public officer; and politically ambitious public officer.     

Determinants of agricultural entrepreneurship: a GEM data based study

The aim of this study is to explain the determinants of entrepreneurship in agriculture industry. What are the drivers of early stage entrepreneurial activity of agri-business entrepreneur and how it is influenced by various cognitive and social capital factors? To answers these questions various driving factors of entrepreneurial activity have been explored from the literature. To achieve the objective, the study uses APS (Adult Population Survey) 2013 data of 69 countries provided by GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). Total number of respondents 1470, those who are alone or with others, currently trying to start a new business, including any self-employment or selling any goods or services to others in Agriculture Industry, were selected from the data set. To measure the influence of cognitive and social capital factors on early stage entrepreneurial activity logistic regression was employed. The findings show that those who see entrepreneurial opportunities, are confident in their own skills and ability, having personal relationship or social networks with existing entrepreneurs, and have invested in others business as business angels are more likely to become an entrepreneur. Additionally, fear of failure or risk perception does not prevent people to become entrepreneur. Policy implications have been discussed. This is one the first study of its kind and contributes to the existing literature by explaining agricultural entrepreneurship through an integrated approach of entrepreneurial cognition and social networking.

     

Entrepreneurial cognition and internationalization speed: towards a potential moderating effect of experiential and rational information processing

This study explores the influence that entrepreneurial cognition, in terms of the dichotomy in human information processing, has on the earliness of internationalization and post-entry speed. Entrepreneurial cognition is investigated through the lens of the dual-process theory, which posits that human information processing is formed of two systems, the experiential cognitive system (System 1) and the rational and analytical cognitive system (System 2). The speed of the entire internationalization process is analyzed in terms of earliness (how soon after inception a company enters its first international market) and post-entry speed (how fast it enters new markets after the first internationalization). Drawing on ten cases, we find that companies that internationalized earlier and faster were managed by entrepreneurs with higher levels of the experiential cognitive system. In contrast, companies that internationalized later and more gradually were managed by entrepreneurs with higher levels of the rational cognitive system. Thus, our study reveals that the speed of the entire process of internationalization is governed, at least partially, by the entrepreneur’s cognition. On the basis of our findings, we introduce three propositions on the moderation that the entrepreneur’s cognition exerts on the well-established relations between environmental signals and both earliness of internationalization and post-internationalization speed.

     

Role stress and entrepreneurship research

Entrepreneurship as a domain of research has grown by benefiting from more established disciplines. However, a commonality in the early stages of applying established theories to entrepreneurship is the lack of grounded research frameworks. This paper reviews literature on role stress and develops a conceptual framework that illustrates how this construct can serve entrepreneurship research. Based on a review of psychological and sociological literature, the paper proposes a model of antecedents and consequences to entrepreneur role stress. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are also presented.     

From admiration to abhorrence: the contentious appeal of entrepreneurship across Europe

Although entrepreneurship seems to offer a universal economic solution, there are some doubts about whether it is universally attractive. We argue that entrepreneurship is a socially constructed concept and consequently the meanings, and hence the appeal, of the enterprise will vary internationally. We argue that how entrepreneurship is understood affects how attractive it seems. Accordingly, we investigated the meanings of entrepreneurship by analysing a range of metaphors of entrepreneurship gathered from schools across Europe. We found that both the meaning and understandings of the practices vary considerably. For most, the concept of entrepreneurship as an engine of the economy is attractive, but for some, the practices of entrepreneurs were considerably less appealing. We find links between national socio-economic contexts and attractiveness. We argue that culture and context seem to influence the social constructions of entrepreneurship and hence the attractiveness of entrepreneurial options. We also find that the pedagogical national narratives of the entrepreneur stand in dynamic tension with the performative national processes of entrepreneurship.     

Debt renegotiation under reputation concerns and tolerance for failure

We propose a career concern model where a privately informed entrepreneur reports the firm financial situation. On this basis, the creditor may offer debt renegotiation. Due to reputation concerns, the entrepreneur may feel reluctant to restructure and may manipulate information. We analyze how creditor attitude towards failure and entrepreneurs reputation concerns interact and influence the restructuring decision. We show that debt renegotiation under more lenient conditions discourages manipulation because entrepreneurs are ensured that their reputation will not suffer from revealing financial difficulties. Intolerant creditors make entrepreneurs more concerned about reputation weakening their incentives to restructure, leading to inefficient continuation of investments.     

构建三位一体的中国企业国际化知识学习与共享体系

中国企业走出去参与世界竞争越来越重要,很多中国企业纷纷走出国门进行跨国经营。但是却面临一系列的问题,特别是对复杂的国际、东道国环境的不了解遭受经营失败率很高。为了支持中国企业走出去,政府、大学、企业都应积极参与到建立国际化知识的共享学习体系中,为中国企业提供必要的信息和学习培训的机会,增强企业国际化成功率。     

‘Recession push’ and ‘prosperity pull’ entrepreneurship in a rural developing context

In this paper, the ‘recession push’ and the ‘prosperity pull’ hypotheses are used to analyse the effect of growing non-farm wage employment on entrepreneurship in a rural developing context. Data are collected in a rural household survey in 110 communes in central Vietnam which includes subjective owner assessments of reasons for starting non-farm businesses. This way it is possible to separately test the two hypotheses by distinguishing opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs. We use clustered probit regression analyses and control for possible endogeneity in order to predict participation in entrepreneurship. The results show that better access to non-farm wage employment increases the likelihood of becoming an opportunity entrepreneur but has no effect on necessity entrepreneurship. This, therefore, supports the ‘prosperity pull’ hypothesis but not the ‘recession push’ hypothesis. The growing non-farm economy is likely to accelerate the emergence of opportunity entrepreneurship in rural areas. However, necessity entrepreneurs are suffering from a lack of individual and household assets which pushes them into entrepreneurship regardless of non-farm job opportunities in the surrounding area.