打造精益物流,追求企业库存资金最小化——浅析襄阳工厂零件库存资金控制策略

精益物流来自于"精益理念"在物流理论的分析与应用,而"精益理念"则来自于精益生产(Lean Production)。精益物流是运用精益思想对企业物流活动进行管理,其基本原则是:从顾客的角度而不是从企     

资源协奏视角下大数据赋能精益生产的机理研究

数字经济时代下,数据成为关键生产要素,驱动制造企业生产力和生产方式变革.然而,大数据对生产精益化的赋能机理有待深入探讨,特别是从关键生产要素到精益生产绩效之间的作用机理仍旧模糊.基于资源协奏理论和大数据相关理论,以格力电器为案例研究对象,探索大数据赋能制造企业精益生产的内在机理,构建揭开大数据"如何赋能精益生产"暗箱的...     

丰田:终结浪费、持续改善

在20世纪初,丰田佐吉就在自家的织布机厂内推行了后来被称为"精益生产"的方法.在当时的丰田自动织机制作所中,据说只要有一根织线断掉,织布机就会自动停下来,排障重启.这被称作"自动化"(Jidoka),后来成为了"精益生产"理论中的一大支柱.精益理论由来已久,但首次在这方面提出体系化理论,并通过这种理论方法获得切实收益,而且在业界评价颇高的,还是丰田公司.     

精益生产模式在企业中的作用

"精益生产模式"最早起源于日本丰田汽车公司的丰田生产方式(TPS,Toyota Production System),丰田公司的这种生产方式在20世纪70年代石油危机爆发后及日本经济进入"低速增长"时期仍然创造较高的盈利并开始为外界引起注意。"精益生产模式"在20世纪80年代初引进我国,2007年,在工业企业界,"精益生产模式"及推行精益生产正在受到前所未有的重视。工业企业极力所推行的"精益生产模式"及其精益生产,究竟给所推行的工业企业带来的作用有哪些呢?还有众多现代化的工业企业如此痴迷"精益生产模式"及其精益生产的原因在哪里呢?     

关于“精益生产”在“小产线”实施的思考

精益生产是衍生自丰田生产方式的一种管理哲学,关于精益生产管理的企业咨询顾问公司有很多,主要是做精益生产的理论宣贯和实施指导。小产线想要有改善只能自己来摸索着实践精益,应用精益的思想走出自己的特色道路。论文立足于现有产线资产,将“精益生产”的宽泛理论抽丝剥茧应用于“小产线”,细化精益生产管理实际操作,实现精益目标。     

基于精益生产体系的装配制造企业初期问题分析

精益生产已然成为各企业实施的重点。项目实施初期存在的众多问题阻碍活动顺利推广。本文以Z企业精益模式的推广为研究案例,针对企业实施精益初期体系不完善而造成的推行困难等问题,基于系统的精益体系规划,结合精益生产思想和"5W1H"、"ECRS"等方法进行初步的改善,使"精益"融于生产的整个过程,为企业深入推行精益活动铺垫良好开端。     

精益六西格玛黑带培训

近年来,精益六西格玛作为一种集成了精益生产、六西格玛管理两大重要管理理论和技术的改进方法论,被越来越多的企业关注并采用。通过运用精益六西格玛方法,可以有效地帮助企业减少浪费和消除质量波动。为满足企业管理需要,中国质量协会于2012年4月举办精益六西格玛黑带培训,培训采取"课堂授课+项目辅导"的形     

精益成本管理在供电企业的应用研究

加强精益成本管理,有效控制成本,是供电企业提高竞争能力的重要途径。供电企业精益成本管理的关键控制点包括精益成本预算编制、精益成本进度管控和精益成本分析考核。为了实现精益成本管理,供电企业应当确立科学、简约、可计量和差异化的预算编制原则,采用零基预算编制方法,选用合适的成本控制方法,深化精益成本分析和建立健全成本考核机制等。     

如何转入精益生产

称作"精益"并非偶然,就如一个人开始进行新的饮食锻炼计划一样,企业转入精益生产也非易事.实施精益生产首先要具备有关精益生产系统和程序方面的技术知识.但是,实施精益生产却往往不能产生立竿见影的效果,因为向精益生产的过渡牵涉到人,牵涉到他们的思想有什么样变化,或干脆没有变化.     

如何转入精益生产

称作"精益"并非偶然,就如一个人开始进行新的饮食锻炼计划一样,企业转入精益生产也非易事。实施精益生产首先要具备有关精益生产系统和程序方面的技术知识。但是,实施精益生产却往往不能产生立竿见影的效果,因为向精益生产的过渡牵涉到人,牵涉到他们的思想有什么样变化,或干脆没有变化。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.