异种钢焊接工艺综述

文章通过结合已有的研究结果,从异种钢焊接材料的焊接方法、焊接材料、工艺参数和热处理等方面对异种钢焊接工艺进行了综述。结果表明,母材的物理化学性能相异是焊接困难的主要原因,合理的工艺能有效地提高焊接接头的组织性能。     

20钢与15CrMo的异种钢焊接工艺分析

60万吨/年产甲醇装置R-52001合成塔靠近塔体第一道焊口出现不同程度的裂纹缺陷,由于塔体管口与升汽管材质不同,对焊接材料选用到焊接过程工艺参数的控制都提出了更高、更严的要求,通过选用合适的焊接材料及合理的工艺参数,成功地完成了升气管缺陷焊口的返修任务。异种钢的焊接一直是焊接工艺中的一个难点。文章通过对20钢与15Cr Mo的异种钢焊接工艺进行探讨和分析,为类似的相关设备的检修提供借鉴和参考。     

浅析异种金属材料物理性质对焊接的影响

异种的金属材料由于其物理性的不同对焊接的结果会产生不同的影响。在实际的工程焊接中,异种金属焊接的需求非常多,根据焊接金属材料的不同可以将焊接分为异种钢材料焊接、异种有色金属焊接、钢材料与有色金属的焊接。鉴于异种金属对焊接的影响,在进行异种金属的焊接过程中通常需要注意一些事项,文章对此进行了研究。     

7075与6063异种铝合金的焊接技术研究

某容器用接管需将7075与6063异种铝合金对接,但两种铝合金不论是化学成分还是力学性能均有很大差别,焊接时工艺不当容易出现裂纹、气孔、变形、接头软化,力学性能降低等缺陷。文章主要对7075与6063两种铝合金的焊接性做了简要分析,介绍了采用钨极氩弧焊焊接该异种铝合金接头所采用的焊接材料及工艺要点。     

浅析铝材的焊接工艺

现代有色金属焊接工艺的进步,有利于我国工业的发展。现从铝及铝合金的特点入手,介绍了铝及铝合金焊接的准备、材料选择及焊接工艺。     

异种金属材料物理性质对焊接的影响

异种金属材料由于物理性质的不同会对焊接过程起着不同程度的影响。按照实际工程要求的需要，异种金属焊接的组合是多种多样的，按照焊接材料的不同来分类，有异种钢焊接、异种有色金属焊接、钢与有色金属焊接。由于异种金属的材料的物理性质的不同对焊接产生了不同程度的影响，文章主要对这一问题进行了讨论。     

采气树制作中异种钢的焊接分析

某改进型采气树的制作中,涉及到45钢、36Mn2V钢与Q235的异种钢焊接.围绕这三种母材的异种钢焊接,本文从母材成分、组织.异种钢焊接难点;焊接方法、焊材及焊接参数的选择;预热及焊后热处理等方面进行了分析,制定出相应的焊接工艺.     

T91与12Cr1MoV异种钢焊接分析

300MW机组锅炉的高温再热器管(T91钢),与低温段珠光体耐热钢12CrlMoV进行焊接,焊接难度大,通过焊接工艺评定试验,最后确定用高强配比的焊接材料进行焊接。结合焊接工艺实例,研究分析了T91与12Cr1MoV异种钢的焊接工艺原则,在焊材选择、工艺参数选择等方面作了详细论述,对今后类似焊接工程提供参考和借鉴。     

T91与12CrlMoV异种钢焊接分析

300MW机组锅炉的高温再热器管（T91钢）,与低温段珠光体耐热钢12CrlMoV进行焊接,焊接难度大,通过焊接工艺评定试验,最后确定用高强配比的焊接材料进行焊接。结合焊接工艺实例,研究分析了T91与12CrlMoV异种钢的焊接工艺原则,在焊材选择、工艺参数选择等方面作了详细论述,对今后类似焊接工程提供参考和借鉴。     

火电厂管道异种钢的焊接热处理问题探讨

异种钢在火电厂管道工程中的应用较多,为确保管道异种钢的焊接质量,必须确保焊后热处理的质量。然而,在对异种钢进行焊接热处理的过程中却常常会引起各种问题,这对管道异种钢的焊接质量造成了影响。鉴于此,本文首先简要分析了火电厂管道异种钢焊接热处理问题,在此基础上提出解决火电厂管道异种焊接热处理问题的有效途径。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.