基于改进自适应遗传算法的车辆路径问题研究

针对自适应遗传算法进化初期收敛速度缓慢的不足，引入一个表示种群多样性程度的指标变量对个体的交叉率和变异率进行自适应调节，提出了改进的自适应遗传算法并将其应用于求解车辆路径问题。实验结果显示同传统的自适应调节方法相比，该算法提高了收敛速度，可以有效地求得VRP问题的最优解或近似最优解。     

一种发电机经济调度的新算法

文章采用BCC算法求解发电机经济调度模型。针对细菌个体与群体的搜索特点,引入自适应步长,对细菌每次移动过程中的移动步长和方向进行自适应调整;针对细菌迭代过程中寻我到的最优值,引入公告板,使最优值不被随机抛弃。然后,建立发电机经济调度模型,将细菌群体趋药性算法用于该模型,并采用IEEE-30节点例子进行仿真,验证其有效性。     

一种发电机经济调度的新算法

文章采用BCC算法求解发电机经济调度模型。针对细菌个体与群体的搜索特点,引入自适应步长,对细菌每次移动过程中的移动步长和方向进行自适应调整;针对细菌迭代过程中寻我到的最优值,引入公告板,使最优值不被随机抛弃。然后,建立发电机经济调度模型,将细菌群体趋药性算法用于该模型,并采用IEEE-30节点例子进行仿真,验证其有效性。     

一种发电机经济调度的新算法

文章采用BCC算法求解发电机经济调度模型.针对细菌个体与群体的搜索特点,引入自适应步长,对细菌每次移动过程中的移动步长和方向进行自适应调整;针时细菌迭代过程中寻找到的最优值,引入公告板,使最优值不被随机抛弃.然后,建立发电机经济调度模型,将细菌群体趋药性算法用于该模型,并采用IEEE-30节点例子进行仿真,验证其有效性.     

改进的蚁群算法在物流配送路径问题中的实现

蚁群算法是受自然界中蚁群搜索食物行为启发而提出的一种智能优化算法,通过介绍蚁群觅食过程中基于信息素的最短路径的搜索策略。以及蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用,在分析TSP与车辆路径问题（VRP）的异同后,给出用于求解车辆路径问题（VRP）的蚁群算法,并针对蚁群算法在求解过程容易出现过旱收敛问题,提出了几种改进算法的措施。最后通过powerbuilder的仿真实现结果表明,这种算法对VRP问题有较好的求解效果。     

蚁群遗传混合算法在求解旅行商问题上的应用

针对在求解旅行商问题时,蚁群算法易陷入局部最优,而遗传算法收敛速度慢等问题,将蚁群与遗传算法相结合:把蚁群算法每次迭代的结果作为遗传算法的初始种群,并且用遗传算法寻优结果更新蚁群算法的信息素。在用遗传算法处理问题的阶段,引入了两种新的交叉算子,并且提出混合交叉算子的新思想,算法的后期使用贪心搜索和2-opt局部优化算法,成功的避免了算法过早陷入局部最优解的问题,加快了算法的收敛速度。通过仿真,本算法与其他算法进行对比,寻优路径长度明显降低,在求解效率和求解质量上都有更好的效果。     

基于自适应的改进蚁群算法在餐饮连锁物流配送中的应用

在基本蚁群算法的基础上进行改进,运用了一种信息素自适应调整策略,在旅行商问题(TSP)的搜索过程中自适应的调整信息素挥发系数,适当抑制算法的正反馈作用,拓展了搜索空间,扩大可行解的范围,提高蚁群算法的求解性能和运行效率。通过使用matlab对实际问题进行实验,证实了该自适应蚁群算法在求解物流配送问题时,搜索能力及收敛速度比传统的蚁群算法有较大提高。     

基于自适应的改进蚁群算法在餐饮连锁物流配送中的应用

在基本蚁群算法的基础卜进行改进,运用了一种信息素自适应调整策略,在旅行商问题(TSP)的搜索过程中自适应的调整信息素挥发系数,适当抑制算法的正反馈作用,拓展了搜索空间,扩大可行解的范围,提高蚁群算法的求解性能和运行效率.通过使用matlab对实际问题进行实验,证实了该自适应蚁群算法在求解物流配送问题时,搜索能力及收敛速度比传统的蚁群算法有较大提高.     

基于遗传-蚁群混合算法求解旅行商问题

作为物流领域中的典型问题,旅行商问题的求解具有十分重要的理论和现实意义.在它的传统求解方法中,遗传算法和蚁群算法被广泛采用,但遗传算法收敛速度慢,蚁群算法易陷入局部最优,在求解旅行商问题上都有一定的缺陷.本文采用遗传-蚁群混合算法,充分利用遗传算法的快速全局搜索能力和蚁群算法的智能性,对旅行商问题求解,并进行了实例仿真.仿真计算结果表明,该算法可以找到最优解或近似最优解,并提高了求解效率.     

基于分层遗传算法的一类非线性规划问题的新解法

关于非线性规划的问题的诸多传统解法中都存在效率较低、容易达到局部最优、甚至找不到最优解的局限性。而基本遗传算法也常常由于本身算法的局限性,在搜索最优解的过程中易早熟,局部搜索能力弱,后期收敛过慢。源于这些缺陷,本论文提出使用分层遗传算法来求解一类非线性规划问题,并通过数值实验,结果表明基于分层遗传算法求解一类非线性规划问题是非常有效的。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.