职业体育联盟制度安排的反垄断法分析

职业体育联盟起源于西方发达国家,随着市场经济的进一步深入,职业体育联盟的一些制度安排不可避免的受到反垄断法的规制,所以,职业体育联盟制度安排必须考虑反垄断法问题,考虑职业体育联盟生存的制度环境的差异性,尽量规避职业体育联盟的反垄断诉讼。     

论反垄断法的价值取向

反垄断法的出台经历了12年的“难产”期,拟在今年6月向全周人大提交《反垄断法草案》。然而,要制定反垄断法首先要明确反垄断法的价值取向。本文从美国反垄断法价值取向的演变历程出发,认为反垄断法的价值目标应考虑一国的政治经济条件和国际环境,应既具有法的基本价值的共性,又有自己的个性,是法的基本价值与竞争秩序两方面的交叉,以此为基点构筑出反垄断法的价值目标体系。     

中国足球职业联赛的反垄断法分析--以中国足球协会角色和职权的转变为视角

我国《反垄断法》自2008年8月1日起施行以来，在保护市场公平竞争，提高经济运行效率，维护消费者利益和社会公共利益方面的重要作用日益显著。在我国职业体育已经产业化的背景之下，中国足球职业联赛也理应纳入《反垄断法》的调整范围，并受其制约。然而，由于受到历史因素和体制因素等影响，中国足球职业联赛的领导部门--中国足球协会的强势角色和权利集中的体制设置并不尽合理，进而导致垄断现象的产生，严重阻碍了足球市场的有效竞争。中国足球协会的角色和职权亟待转变。     

我国职业体育产业进程的管理瓶颈分析

制约我国职业体育产业可持续发展的管理要素主要表现在政府权限过大,单项协会功能变质,且管理不善;法制建设滞后;经营模式不合理;联赛产权不清;竞赛表演市场不兴旺。因此,应在管理体制和运行机制上加以创新,加强政府对职业体育的宏观调控与管理;实行体育协会实体化,发挥体育协会自我管理功能;完善职业体育的法制建设和规章制度;明确俱乐部性质和产权,建立现代化企业制度;建立产权明晰、独立的职业联盟,进行公司化管理;采取切实有效的措施,大力培育与壮大竞技表演市场。     

企业并购需要反垄断法加以规制——一个经济学分析的视角

《反垄断法》草案已明确地把企业并购规制作为其中的一项重要内容。其实质并不是阻止并购,而是如何促使并购以对竞争损害最小的方式进行。而明确的技术指标和评价并购的分析框架不可能列入其法律条文中,出台与《反垄断法》相配套的横向并购指南非常必要。     

论反垄断法的规制方法

反垄断法是经济法的“龙头法”。明确反垄断法规制方法是我国反垄断立法中的重要问题。垄断表现为垄断状态和垄断行为两个方面。鉴于我国目前情况,规制垄断行为符合我国社会整体经济效益的价值取向。     

论研究开发协议的反垄断豁免制度

经营者之间的研究开发协议有助于促进技术进步和提高经济效率,反垄断法给予其豁免的特殊待遇。但是,研究开发协议的反垄断豁免并非是绝对的和没有边界的,因此,明确豁免的标准和程序极为必要。美国、欧共体在明确反垄断豁免标准和程序方面积累了丰富的经验。我国应当在反垄断法相关规定的基础上完善研究开发协议的反垄断豁免制度。反垄断执法机构有必要出台专门的研究开发协议反垄断豁免指南,明确研究开发协议豁免标准和程序,从而为企业提供更为明确的行为指引。     

我国CBA职业体育俱乐部内部价值链结构解析

职业体育俱乐部是职业体育经营的企业实体单元。系统研究职业体育俱乐部的内部价值链管理,将有助于提高职业体育俱乐部的价值增值能力,提高赢利水平。本文运用ISM系统结构解析模型,对我国CBA职业体育俱乐部的内部价值链进行了系统分析,刻画出了其层次结构,并对其层次过程进行了解释说明。     

国外职业体育发展及其启示

本文通过收集大量文献资料对国外职业体育的现状、发展趋势、职业体育的组织形式，影响职业体育的主要因素等问题进行了探讨，对我国职业体育的发展提出了一定的建议，目的是为我国职业体育的发展提供一些借鉴。     

职业院校体育教学的误区与对策浅析

一、体育教学中存在的误区 第一，缺少职业体育教育的内容，照搬普通高校的体育教育。我国职业院校学生的专业（未来职业）已定，绝大多数学生毕业后，将从事专业的工作。对其施以职业体育教育，使之具备一定的职业体育知识、能力和身心素质，不仅能提高个人的工作能力、工作效率和竞争力。也能提高企业和国家的劳动生产率和经济效益。但目前，一些职业院校的体育教学，并没有根据学生的实际专业来进行相应的职业体育教学。缺少职业体育教学内容，而是照搬普通高校的体育教学模式。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.