我国出租车市场组织形式管制的效应评价

管制出租车市场的理由在于市场失灵,但是采取何种管制工具则一直是探讨的焦点。本文就我国目前采取的严格限制进入出租车市场的组织形式这一管制方式进行了分析,在简单分析了我国出租车市场发展及限制组织形式制度背景的基础上,根据企业理论刻画了个体经营与企业经营出租车的优劣,进而针对我国目前出租车市场限制个体经营与企业经营的现状及产生的问题,提出了放松组织形式限制的政策建议。     

出租车停运背后的制度问题研究

出租车停运反映出出租车司机与出租车公司的利益冲突,更暴露了我国的出租车营运制度的缺陷,即政府对自由市场的管制。这种管制是无效的,反而损害了出租车市场的发展。杜绝出租车停运,政府必须放松管制,将出租车经营权返还给个体。     

出租车司机收入相对偏低的原因分析——以北京市为例

本文以北京市为例,分析了出租车司机收入相对偏低的原因,认为:一是北京出租车市场管制模式导致出租车司机的收入要经过多次利益分割;二是北京市出租车司机劳动力市场供过于求导致出租车司机与出租车公司的谈判力下降;三是出租车司机为争夺有限客源而展开的囚徒困境博弈导致集体非理性.因此,提高出租车司机收入可以从调整管制政策、拓宽就业渠道、缓解出租车司机内部竞争等三个方面入手.     

出租车数量管制对社会福利的影响

运用经济学的研究方法对出租车行业的数量管制问题进行了考查。研究发现,由于出租车行业具有很强的竞争性,单纯依靠市场的自发调节就能够实现该行业的资源优化配置;对出租车行业的数量管制,不但影响了出租车行业的自身发展,而且造成了社会福利损失。事实上,管制的重要原因是为了获得管制租金而不是增进社会福利。因此放宽对出租车行业的数量管制才是增进社会福利的有效选择。     

出租车特许经营权管制评析

我国政府对出租车行业实行严格的准入管制,但基于自然垄断特性而对出租车行业进行准入管制的理由是不充分的。在特许经营权收益绝大部分分配给了出租车公司的情况下,政府管制使出租车公司获得垄断高价,并侵害到出租车司机与乘客的权益;出租车公司的高额利润导致非法营运增多,显然其收益与贡献是极其不匹配的。深层次原因是市场需求与准入管制的时滞性矛盾、出租车数量在空间分布上的不均衡及政府将新增道路上出租车的特许经营权完全无偿赋予了出租车公司。现阶段,在促进有效竞争的基础上实行管制创新就成为一个必然的选择。     

出租车行业中的政府管制

文章从出租车行业中政府管制存在的问题角度，探讨了对于该行业政府是否应该管制，应如何管制，从而更好的满足公共利益的需要。     

完善我国会计信息市场管制的几点建议

一、完善我国会计信息市场内部性管制措施 1．采用先进的会计信息市场内部性管制模式。由于传统的会计信息市场管制模式存在效率与公平的矛盾、不完全信息、会计寻租成本等问题,因而需要对现有的管制模式进行改进。新的模式要合理安排政府与民间机构在会计信息市场管制中的作用,     

出租车市场供给控制

在绝大多数城市,出租车市场属非自由竞争市场。供给控制成了出租车市场管理的核心内容,集中体现在对出租车营运牌投放的严格控制上。作为出租车市场准入证的营运牌,是众多商家追逐的对象。本文试图对营运牌的投放形式、营运牌的拍卖方式及营运牌投放点的确定等作些探讨,以寻求适应我国经济发展要求的出租车市场供给控制模式。     

浅谈健康发展出租车市场之路

今年来出租车客运市场迅猛发展。随着出租车数量的不断增大,各种矛盾也都不断显现出来,严重制约了出租车市场的发展。应从建立出租市场公平、公正、公开竞争的格局、改变出租公司运作方式等方面考虑健康发展出租车市场。     

公共管制影响公共交通服务供给问题研究 ——以北京南站的变化为例

公共管制存在的目的是为了纠正市场失灵造成的偏差,公共管制对公共交通服务供给有时会产生正面影响而有时会带来负面作用。文章采用个案研究法,以北京南站非法运营车辆横行公共交通服务不足引起的公共管制事件为研究对象,对引起北京南站非法运营车辆横行的原因:公共交通服务供给不足、非法运营车辆市场需求量大以及非法运营车辆的违法运营成本低进行分析,针对出现的问题提出了放松对出租车行业的管制、合理分流引导处理非法运营车辆以及对北京南站夜间工作的出租车给予补贴等方法。希望可以改善北京南站公共交通服务的供给,使大众出行更加方便。     

出租客运的性质、地位及其应有的管理模式

采用经济学和运输经济学的理论与方法,分析了我国出租客运行业的基本属性、定位、资源配置机理、发展动力机制以及高技术风险特征,认为出租客运行业不具备一般市场竞争领域的特征,政府应对该行业实施管制。结合我国城市发展的多层次性,提出了大型中心城市出租客运行业的管制模式:政府监管企业,企业监管车辆及其运营。     

a taxi for miss doolittle

Why is it so difficult to get a taxi in London? Robin Jenks is confident that without regulation the service would be greatly improved. Is it really necessary for taxi drivers to have ‘The Knowledge’?     

THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC REGULATION IN THE ISTANBUL TAXICAB MARKET

This paper discusses the regulation of the Istanbul taxicab market and its consequences. While price and entry regulations are common to many taxi markets, there are significant differences in their institutional frameworks. We examine the problems of the Istanbul market and offer recommendations to improve its efficiency.     

Pay progression in routinised service sector work: navigating the internal labour market in a fast food multinational company

The United Kingdom's widespread use of low-skill, low-paid employment has been well documented. It has been argued internal labour markets (ILMs) benefit such workers, affording them with opportunities for progression. Relatively little is known, however, about the impact of ILMs on entry level workers undertaking routinised service sector work. Drawing on qualitative data, this article explores the prospects on offer in a market leading, fast food multinational company. Potential enabling features include on-the-job training, a transparent and integrated pay structure and a professed culture of progression . Occupational movements to positions above the low-pay threshold are, however, relatively rare. We conjecture this contradiction is the result of the business context in which the firm operates. The findings suggest that in sectors where price leadership strategies dominate, escape from low pay is likely to be exceptional, even within large organisations featuring some of the classic characteristics of ‘pure’ or strong ILMs.     

The Red Queen and the environment: reconciling public regulation and business strategy

Until the late 1980s, environmental regulation in Denmark was often carried out in an intensely politicized and confrontational climate marked by strong tensions between authorities and polluting firms. In recent years, however, the general spirit of regulation seems to have improved significantly. During this same period, ‘generic’ measures such as general discharge limits have been supplemented with more specific demands, tailored for individual companies. The present paper presents a case study based on the environmental regulation of TripleNine, a West Jutland fishmeal factory. In response to major changes in its market and regulatory environment, the firm has revised its general strategy and taken a more pro‐active stance on environmental issues, pursuing a policy of active co‐operation with local environmental authorities. Informed by this and other case studies, a theoretical model is developed to account for the incorporation of ecological concerns into firms' general business strategy. Against the background of this model, the paper addresses the long‐term possibilities of reconciling business strategy and public regulation in the future. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Immigration policy and market institutions in liberal market economies

This article examines how the regulatory character of market institutions shapes government responses to labour shortages, with particular reference to immigration policy. The period between the late 1990s and the late 2000s saw many advanced economies relax entry controls on select categories of foreign workers. This trend was most pronounced among states with liberal market institutions. The underlying reasons for these trends are analysed through an examination of the motivations for reform in Australia and the UK, two states that oversaw significant liberalisations of their labour immigration policies. It argues that the liberal character of key market institutions encouraged firms in these states to look to external rather than internal solutions for meeting their labour requirements. These findings suggest that perspectives from the comparative political economy scholarship, most notably the varieties of capitalism literature, may provide insights into the way that different modes of market regulation shape immigration policy preferences.     

会计师事务所的进入、退出与审计市场的竞争

本文主要从进入、退出的角度研究审计市场的竞争。本文的分析表明,审计市场的市场占有率变动率更为合理地衡量市场的动态变化,审计市场的进入壁垒主要是准入壁垒(管制壁垒),而结构性壁垒和流动性壁垒主要存在于大客户市场,对于小客户市场的影响作用很小。为了防止进入者的进入,在位者通过各种流动性壁垒的设置以提高进入者的成本。但从总体看,审计市场仍然是高度竞争的。     

物流企业客户关系管理能力评价模型应用分析

随着经济全球化的深入,企业经营日益国际化,竞争亦日趋激烈,物流企业加强客户关系管理,将有助于提升企业的核心竞争力,有利于企业的可持续发展。文中以A物流企业为例,运用层次分析法,分析A物流企业的客户关系管理能力,并针对A物流企业客户关系管理能力的分析,提出了提高物流企业客关系管理能力的建议,为企业经营活动中提升经营绩效提供理论参考和行动依据。