基于作业成本法的高校成本核算模型构建及绩效应用

本文构建基于作业成本法的普通高等学校教育培养成本核算模型,利用成本核算结果建立成本类绩效考核指标体系,并以A大学为实例进行模拟测试,验证了本文构建的成本核算模型及成本类绩效考核指标体系的适用性.     

基于源流管理的产品生命周期成本控制责任模型构建

在“生产者”、“用户”和“社会”三元视角下，产品生命周期成本控制主体存在缺失问题。为此，基于成本控制源流管理的思想，本文对产品生命周期成本构成及动因进行系统分析，从技术层面明确了生产者应作为产品生命周期成本的控制主体。结合当前日趋强化的资源环境约束，构建了产品生命周期成本生产者主体控制责任模型，以实现产品生命周期成本的统一规划和控制。     

绿色供应链成本管理评价指标分析——基于精益生产方式

文章基于相应的理论假设,构建了精益生产方式下绿色供应链成本管理的评价指标体系及综合评价模型,并在具体案例中证明了其可行性。通过对精益生产方式下绿色供应链成本管理评价指标体系的研究,指出了影响精益生产方式下绿色供应链成本管理的可能因素,为企业的成本管理和行业运行提供了理论参考。     

冷链环境下生鲜蔬菜第三方物流商评价与选择

生鲜蔬菜的物流环节需要严格的保鲜措施,导致物流成本居高不下,也是“菜贱伤农”和“菜贵伤民”并存的主要原因.在冷链环境下,借助第三方物流商专业的物流技术,突出其成本能力和生态建设,设计了一个评价指标体系,并构建了一个模糊综合评价模型进行仿真模拟.     

农村保洁要常规化

“现在村里建起了垃圾站，每天都有专人负责清扫村里道路、收集垃圾，街道一天比一天干净了。”望着逐渐走远的保洁员，山东省兖州市兴隆庄镇王楼社区张大爷脸上洋溢着幸福笑容。近年来，该镇为改善农村生活环境，以保洁常规化为目标，加大保洁设施建设、加强思想宣传、建立常规管理机制等系列措施，打响农村“保洁战”，靓化新农村。     

对和谐社会统计监测问题的思考

党的十六届四中全会把“提高构建社会主义和谐社会的能力”作为党执政能力的一个重要方面明确提出来后，举国上下一个构建社会主义和谐社会的热潮正在紧锣密鼓地付之实践。在构建丰十会主义和谐社会的实践中。如何对“和谐社会构建进程”进行统计描述和定量化的监测评价成为统计界和经济界关注的热点问题。搞清楚这一问题，不但对促进和谐社会构建进程具有重要导向作用，而且通过监测评价能够找出不同区域构建和谐社会进程中存在的问题，对于政府宏观管理具有重要意义。笔者认为，对和谐社会统计监测问题进行研究，首先需要明确和谐社会的内涵和基本特征；其次要对和谐社会的系统结构进行分析；三是要明确统计监测指标体系的功能，建立监测评价的指标体系；四是选择适宜的模型方法进行监测和实际评价。沿着这一思路，笔者对此问题进行了一番研究思考，现提出初步观点和想法，供商榷。     

社区文化活动大盘点

在很多小区都有实验。分两种形式。一是在院落或住户家中“摆地摊”，业主们自由交易，花钱买或者干脆以物易物。二是在社区网上开个“专卖店”。把自己淘来的好东西的照片贴到网上。有些业主甚至自己制作一些艺术品放到跳蚤市场上兜售。     

山西焦煤基于作业成本定额体系的精益化成本管控实践

“双碳”目标对煤炭行业成本管控提出了更高要求，基于此背景，山西焦煤集团有限责任公司将作业成本法与定额管理相结合，构建了以数智化为支撑、精益化管理为抓手、价值创造为导向的全方位成本管控模型，为管控企业运营成本发挥了积极作用。     

高层建筑结构优化设计综合评价指标体系的研究

阐述在土木工程结构“概念设计”理论的启发下,应用“系统设计法”思想,首次在国内尝试利用AHP模型构建了“高层建筑结构优化设计综合评价指标体系”,力图从系统整体角度来综合评价高层建筑结构设计方案,然后利用有关算法和程序在计算机上进行定量化计算,实现方案的选优。     

医院分级成本效益评估体系探讨

目前，医院大多采用院科两级成本核算级次，医院成本效益评价指标体系也由院级考评指标和科级考评指标组成。一、院级成本核算效益评估指标院级成本效益评估工作常与财务经济活动分析同步进行，因而成本效益评估指标与财务分析指标也有一定的联系，它着重从人力成本、物力成本、管理水平的角度来考核评价投入产出的效益。通过对医院成本管理的绩效进行合理的评价，能够预测医院经济运行发展的未来趋势，及时为经营决策提供科学、实用的管理信息。院级人力成本效益评估指标主要有“人员经费增长率”和“人均收益率”。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.