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1.
Adem Yavuz Elveren 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2010,22(1):55-72
This paper analyzes wage inequality in the Turkish manufacturing sector annually from 1980 to 2001, and also provides some evidence for inequality in the post‐2001 period. Using the between‐groups component of Theil's T statistic, the paper provides more information on wage inequality. It decomposes the evolution of inequality by statistical regions – The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – (i.e. NUTS‐1 and NUTS‐2). The decompositions show that inequality has increased since the late 1980s in the private sector both between regions of NUTS‐1 and NUTS‐2. 相似文献
2.
中国农业生产率的变动与分解分析:1978~2004年--基于非参数的HMB生产率指数的实证研究 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
本文使用非参数的HMB生产率指数方法,考察了中国农村改革以来农业全要素生产率(TFP)的变动趋势,并把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效应和投入产出混合效应四个部分。结果表明,改革开放以来我国农业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,技术效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响,而规模效应和混合效应影响较弱。文章还指出中国农业的育种能力和生物技术的发展是农业技术进步的决定力量。 相似文献
3.
技术效率、技术进步、要素积累与中国农业经济增长——基于SFA的经验分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
匡远凤 《数量经济技术经济研究》2012,(1):3-18
本文运用随机前沿方法,将1988~2009年中国省份的农业劳动生产率变化分解为农业技术效率变化、技术进步、物质性要素投入变化和人力资本积累四个来源,分析了它们对中国农业经济增长的影响。结果表明,自1988年以来,技术进步、物质性要素投入变化和人力资本积累在总体上都促进了中国省份农业劳动生产率的增长,而技术效率变化却阻碍了大部分省份的增长,但总的来说,技术进步和技术效率变化的共同作用对增长的贡献还是最大的。 相似文献
4.
5.
CONVERGENCE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN GREECE: EVIDENCE AT REGIONAL AND PREFECTURE LEVEL 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nikos Benos Stelios Karagiannis 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2008,20(1):52-69
The purpose of this paper is to test regional convergence and to investigate interregional disparities in terms of per capita income in Greece. The novelty of our study lies in the use of a disaggregated dataset for an extended time period (1971–2003) at two regional levels (NUTS II & NUTS III). Our results indicate that there is β convergence between prefectures but not among regions, while no evidence of σ convergence is found at both regional levels. Also, the GDP geographic concentration and population density have a negative impact on growth, which outweighs the positive growth effect of population geographic concentration and GDP spatial inequality. Thus, policies aiming at the decentralization of economic activity in Greece might enhance growth and regional equality simultaneously. Finally, we do not find economic dualism across geographic areas; however, rich prefectures seem to converge faster than poor ones. 相似文献
6.
We measure and compare agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth and its components (efficiency and technical change)
in China and India and test the TFP series for the existence of structural breaks relating the evolution of TFP to policy
milestones. Our results show that agricultural TFP growth accelerates in China after 1979 and in India after 1974, although
China’s agricultural sector clearly outperforms India’s. The main explanation of these differentials is that agricultural
growth in China benefited from more fundamental institutional and policy reforms in agriculture than India. There is some
evidence that the transformation of industry in China was also important for agricultural TFP growth. Manufacture growth absorbed
labor and reduced employment in agriculture, creating incentives for capital investment and technical change that kept output
per worker in agriculture growing at high rates. Fewer changes in agricultural policies and in the dynamics of manufacturing
in India resulted in slower growth in agricultural productivity, despite policy changes that accelerated economic growth in
recent years. 相似文献
7.
最低工资标准逐年上调导致企业劳动力成本不断上升,其对我国企业全要素生产率影响存在争议。将2012—2019年全国405个地级市最低工资标准数据和中国上市公司数据匹配,从要素替代和技术替代效应两个视角探讨其内在影响机制。研究发现:最低工资上调会降低企业的全要素生产率;最低工资对企业全要素生产率挤出效应表现为国有企业和融资约束程度越高的企业挤出效应更强,中部地区的挤出效应强于东部地区;最低工资标准越高,企业越倾向于通过要素替代和技术替代来改变生产效率。研究对提高全要素生产率和实现经济高质量发展具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
8.
《Socio》2023
This paper investigates the importance of public cultural expenditure for the efficiency and productivity of the performing arts (PA) firms. To this aim, we estimate a translog production function using the stochastic frontier approach (SFA), and we obtain the estimates of both technical efficiency and its determinants for the PA firms in EU-11 countries over the period 2009–2017. The large panel data set enables the application of robust true random-effects SFA techniques, which control for noise, unobserved firms' heterogeneity and endogeneity of the inputs. Moreover, by estimating a production function, the characteristics of the production technology in the PA sector is also derived. The empirical results demonstrate that PA firms are technically inefficient, implying that the investigated firms could increase their artistic output between 32 and 42% and that decreasing returns to scale are prevalent, due to the presence of too many micro and large-scale firms in the European PA sector. In contrast to the seminal Baumol and Bowen's [5] paper, we also demonstrate that the total factor productivity (TFP) increased in the EU PA firms over the examined period. Technical efficiency, although relatively low, was the main driver of this productivity growth, as opposed to scale efficiency change or technological change, which display very small or no increases. We also find that, contrary to the common wisdom on its negative effects on firm efficiency, public spending on culture increases the efficiency of PA firms. Within this context some policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
9.
We add to the literature on the US productivity slowdown and effects of public capital on productivity by employing Malmquist productivity indexes to measure productivity. These indexes allow us to decompose productivity growth into efficiency change and technological innovation. We derive these components for each observation, which we exploit to explore factors which may lead to differences in productivity across regions, including business cycles, both own-state and cross-border public infrastructure investment, and relative sizes of the manufacturing, service and public sector. Our results suggest that the components of total factor productivity change lend important insights into the fairly complex effects of public capital on productivity growth. 相似文献
10.
本文用非参数Malmquist指数方法研究了我国全要素生产率的增长状况及其区域差异,并将其分解为技术进步和技术效率,同时采用增长回归法对我国地区之间TFP、技术效率、科技进步的差异进行了检验。研究表明:1994-2007年间我国全要素生产率年均增长率达到1%,主要得益于技术进步水平的提高,技术效率总体上呈现下滑趋势;我国各省市区的科技进步、技术效率、TFP变化呈现出较为明显的差异,其中TFP和科技进步变化差异最为明显,而技术效率变化差异不大。 相似文献
11.
《Socio》2020
China's transport sector has been attracting great attention for its excessive energy consumption and ever-increasing pollution emissions. Thus, reducing energy intensity is one of the top priorities of China's ongoing transport upgrade. In this paper, by establishing a panel data regression model derived from the Cobb–Douglas cost function, we focus on investigating the impacts of energy price and transport productivity on transport energy intensity at the national and regional levels. The study uses the provincial panel data for 2005–2016 to perform regression analysis. The results show that: (1) energy price has a significantly negative effect on transport energy intensity in the whole China and the eastern region, whereas it has no significant impacts in the central and western China. (2) Improvements in transport productivity can effectively decrease transport energy intensity in the whole China and the three major regions. (3) Applying an extended data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, we decompose transport productivity into four components (i.e., technical change, technology gap change, scale efficiency change, and pure efficiency change) and further differentiate their impacts in different regions. The results indicate that these four components have substantially different impacts in each region. These results provide some valuable insights for policymakers and enterprise entities aiming to adopt measures to reduce energy intensity and achieve sustainable development in China's transport sector. 相似文献
12.
Productivity,efficiency and technical change: measuring the performance of China’s transforming agriculture 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Songqing Jin Hengyun Ma Jikun Huang Ruifa Hu Scott Rozelle 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2010,33(3):191-207
As China enters the twenty-first century the health of the agricultural economy will increasingly rely, not on the growth
of inputs, but on the growth of total factor productivity (TFP). However, the tremendous changes in the sector—sometimes back
and sometimes forwards—as well as evolving institutions make it difficult to gauge from casual observation if the sector is
healthy or not. Research spending has waxed and waned. Policies to encourage the import of foreign technologies have been
applied unevenly. Structural adjustment policies also triggered wrenching changes in the sector. Horticulture and livestock
production has boomed; while the output of other crops, such as rice, wheat and soybeans, has stagnated or fallen. At a time
when China’s millions of producers are faced with complex decisions, the extension system is crumbling and farmer professional
associations remain in their infancy. In short, there are just as many reasons to be optimistic about the productivity trends
in agriculture as to be pessimistic. In this paper, we pursue one overall goal: to better understand the productivity trends
in China’s agricultural sector during the reform era—with an emphasis on the 1990–2004 period. To do so, we pursue three specific
objectives. First, relying on the National Cost of Production Data Set—China’s most complete set of farm input and output
data—we chart the input and output trends for 23 of China’s main farm commodities. Second, using a stochastic production frontier
function approach we estimate the rate of change in TFP for each commodity. Finally, we decompose the changes in TFP into
two components: changes in efficiency and changes in technical change. Our findings—especially after the early 1990s are remarkably
consistent. China’s agricultural TFP has grown at a healthy rate for all 23 commodities. TFP growth for the staple commodities
generally rose around 2% annually; TFP growth for most horticulture and livestock commodities was even higher (between 3 and
5%). Equally consistent, we find that most of the change is accounted for by technical change. The analysis is consistent
with the conclusion that new technologies have pushed out the production functions, since technical change accounts for most
of the rise in TFP. In the case of many of the commodities, however, the efficiency of producers—that is, the average distance
of producers from the production frontier—has fallen. In other words, China’s TFP growth would have been even higher had the
efficiency of production not eroded the gains of technical change. Although we do not pinpoint the source of rising inefficiency,
the results are consistent with a story that there is considerable disequilibrium in the farm economy during this period of
rapid structural change and farmers are getting little help in making these adjustments from the extension system. 相似文献
13.
Sources of growth in Indonesian agriculture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Keith O. Fuglie 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2010,33(3):225-240
Indonesia sustained an average increase in agricultural output of 3.6% per year between 1961 and 2006, resulting in a more
than fivefold increase in real output. This paper constructs Tornqvist-Thiel indices of agricultural outputs, inputs and total
factor productivity (TFP) to examine the sources of growth in Indonesian agriculture over this period. The paper extends previous
work on measuring productivity change in Indonesian agriculture by assembling more complete data on cropland and expanding
the commodity coverage to include cultured fisheries in addition to crops and livestock. It also accounts for the contribution
of the spread of rural education and literacy to agricultural growth. Results show that Indonesia pursued both agricultural
intensification to raise yield, especially for food crops, and extensification to expand crop area and absorb more labor.
Productivity growth accelerated in the 1970s and 1980s but stagnated in the 1990s once “Green Revolution” food crop varieties
had become widely adopted. TFP growth resumed in the early 2000s led by diversification into non-staple commodities such as
tropical perennials, horticulture, livestock and aquaculture. Agricultural extensification continued to be an important source
of growth in many of parts of the archipelago where previously forested areas were converted to cropland. Human capital deepening,
in the form of the spread of literacy and education in the farm labor force, made a modest but sustained contribution to agricultural
productivity growth. 相似文献
14.
《Economic Systems》2023,47(2):101075
In this paper, it is argued that agricultural productivity is an important determinant of the extent of manufacturing development. Specifically, it was hypothesized that agricultural productivity played a significant role in influencing the share of employment in the manufacturing sector as a proportion of total employment. This hypothesis was tested empirically utilizing data from eleven Asian countries over a thirty-five-year period. The results support the hypothesis. In addition, the results show that human capital accumulation has also played an important role in positively influencing the share of manufacturing employment in total employment for the countries in the sample. 相似文献
15.
We assess long-run patterns of global agricultural productivity growth between 1970 and 2005 and examine the relationship
between investments in technology capital and productivity. To measure agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) we employ
a Solow-type growth accounting method to decompose output growth into input and TFP growth. For technology capital we construct
two indexes reflecting national capacities in agricultural research and education-extension for 87 developing countries. We
then correlate technology capital levels with long-term growth rates in agricultural TFP. Our findings show that global agricultural
TFP growth as a whole accelerated since 1980, although performance was very uneven across developing countries. TFP growth
rates were significantly influenced by technology capital. Marginal improvements to research capacity, given a minimal level
of extension and schooling existed, were associated with faster TFP growth. However, marginal increases in extension-schooling
without commensurate improvements in research capacity did not improve productivity performance. 相似文献
16.
Harald Badinger Peter H. Egger Maximilian von Ehrlich 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2019,81(4):768-779
This paper assesses the strength of productivity spillovers nonparametrically in a data set of 12 industries and 231 NUTS2 regions in 17 European Union member countries between 1992 and 2006. It devotes particular attention to measuring the catching up through spillovers depending on the technology gap of a unit to the industry leader and the local human capital endowment. We find evidence of a nonlinear relationship between the technology gap to the leader as well as human capital and growth in logs. Spillovers are smallest for units with a medium‐high technology gap to the leader, especially for regions where human capital endowments are low. 相似文献
17.
This paper analyses the changes in agricultural performance in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet republics
since the start of the transition process. We provide a conceptual framework for the evolution of productivity and efficiency
measures and link this evolution to the issue of factor abundance taking into account specific transition characteristics.
We document the changes in agricultural performance using empirical data on the evolution of partial productivity and total
factor productivity estimates and we illustrate how productivity varies between countries at various stages of the transition
process. Over the past twenty years, virtually all transition countries witnessed an initial decline in productivity, and
virtually all countries currently witness an increase in productivity. However, the depth and length of the initial decline
differs enormously between countries. Our analysis indicates that the productivity changes were related to the extent of the
pre-reform distortions, initial resource endowments and technology use, and the reform implementation in the countries. 相似文献
18.
《Socio》2019
European Union is a project focused on the balanced distribution of the prosperity, established by the common market, to all regions. For this purpose, in order to collect comparable statistics, socio-economic zones have been established within the framework of certain criteria using the classification of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). These regions are formed in 3 levels, based on the countries that are members and candidates for membership. Supports provided within the framework of the EU in order to reduce regional socio-economic disparities and to ensure regional development are being made and measured on the basis of regions (development zones) established with Level 2 NUTS. As a candidate country to the EU, Turkey also tries to achieve harmonization and regional development through Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA). In this study, the extent to which the development regions identified in the Turkish scale should benefit from such supports is assessed on the basis of specific criteria. How to distribute IPA support, which is a limited resource, to the regions according to framework agreements and regional development goals is a complex issue. In order to solve this problem, development zones are evaluated using two different Multi Criteria Decision Making methods: Fuzzy-PROMETHEE and Fuzzy-MULTIMOORA. As a result, a framework to provide specific distribution of funds to support regional development and to show the weaknesses of these regions is presented. 相似文献
19.
Amin W. Mugera Michael R. Langemeier Allen M. Featherstone 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2012,38(1):63-79
This paper employs a three stage procedure to investigate labor productivity growth and convergence in the Kansas farm sector for a balanced panel of 564 farms for the period 1993?C2007. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis is used to compute technical efficiency indices. In the second stage, labor productivity growth is decomposed into components attributable to efficiency change, technical change, and factor intensity. The third stage employs both parametric and semiparametric regression analyses to investigate convergence in labor productivity growth and the contribution of each of the three components to the convergence process. Factor intensity and efficiency change are found to be sources of labor productivity convergence while technical change is found to be a source of divergence. Policies that encourage investment in capital goods may help to mitigate disparities in labor productivity across the farm sector. 相似文献
20.
《Economic Systems》2014,38(1):115-135
This paper investigates the process of GDP generation in former Soviet Union (FSU) economies to provide an understanding of the impact of technology channels on countries’ efficiency. We apply a stochastic frontier approach to 15 FSU economies over the period 1995–2008 and find that FDI and human capital improve countries’ technical efficiency. Furthermore, we show that these factors also have a positive impact on total factor productivity (TFP), which, in turn, improves real GDP growth. Hence, our results suggest that FSU countries should promote public policies that provide incentives to attract foreign investment and enhance domestic education in order to improve their economic growth. Additionally, our empirical evidence argues against the resource curse hypothesis. We also show, by computing efficiency change and technological change indices at the country level, that FSU economies benefit more from exploiting technological progress than from catching up to the best practice frontier. 相似文献