我国民营企业融资方式现状与问题研究

本文以民营企业为研究对象,深入讨论了现阶段我国民营企业在融资环节中所存在的问题,以我国资本市场的特征出发,结合民营企业所面临的特殊融资环境,解析了制约民营企业融资的障碍以及影响因素,此外,本文对进一步规范和改善我国民营企业的融资方式和渠道提出了相应的解决方案.     

中日动漫产业运营机制比较研究

本文通过分析日本动漫产业链各环节的运行机制,认为日本动漫产业发展为巨大产业规模的主要原因是其在资本运营的各环节都贯彻了以市场需求为导向的原则,并对我国动漫产业存在的问题提出改进对策.     

论风险投资机制的建立和完善

风险投资之所以能够推动高新技术产业发展，是由于其从三个层面上适应了高新技术产业发展的需要：有效的激励机制推动了技术专家和企业家的创新活动；灵活畅通的产权流动机制将各种不同的企业家集聚到高新技术产业领域；风险投资满足了高新技术产业一些经济特性的需要。因此，在我国建立风险投资机制对于区域技术创新的作用是非常重要的。建立和完善风险投资机制，是我国社会主义市场经济的重要内容之一。应当包括：建立政府推动与市场运行相结合的风险资本市场融资机制；建立规范化的风险资本市场的投资渠道和机制；建立市场化的风险投资的撤出渠道和机制以及制定有利的政策、法规，促进风险投资的发展。     

我国既有建筑节能改造融资渠道探讨

文章指出全方位开拓既有建筑节能改造融资渠道的必要性,提出内源融资、融资租赁、经营租赁、资本市场、参与证书、应收账款购买协议和商业贷款等可利用的融资渠道,每种融资渠道都具有自身的特点以满足不同项目的需要.在具体选择时,有必要根据具体节能改造项目的特点,在权衡的基础上找出最佳融资渠道.     

中小企业在银行融资的担保支持策略

一、中小企业融资难的原因(一)融资渠道狭窄1.资本市场的发育不成熟。企业融资有多种方式、多条渠道。在一个成熟的资本市场,不同的经营主体可能通过不同的方式来解决资金需求问题,而不同的融资方式所需要付出的融资成本可能是不同的。由于融资风险的不同导致融资成本的不同是正常的,但如果以不同的融资成本依然无法融资,则融资市场是有缺陷的。在国内,资本市场的缺陷是造成融资困难的主要原因。目前国内金融市场依然是受政府管制的市场,能提供融资的主体主要包括商业银行、证券市场、风险投资、企业拆借、民间拆借。其中商业银行是最主要的…     

中国企业内部资本市场的功能、陷阱及其法律规制

中国现阶段内部资本市场具有优化融资渠道、催化产业整合以及改进公司治理的功能,但由于信息不对称及代理问题而存在利益侵占、过度投资、风险扩散以及低效率补贴等诸多潜在陷阱。完善的法律规制体系将有助于减少机会主义的内部资本市场运作所带来的负面效应。     

资本市场融资体制改革成果分享存在的问题及法律对策

资本市场融资体制成果分享存在三个方面的问题:资本市场相关主体,即政府、大型国有企业、中小企业、中小投资者、机构投资者等,以中西部地区为代表的不同区域,以及以农业为代表的产业问无法公平分享资本市场融资体制的改革成果.根本性原因在于现行资本市场结构失衡和功能的缺陷,而市场机制自身难以解决的经济发展的区域失衡和产业不均衡是基础性原因.要解决上述问题,需要政府宏观调控职能的有效发挥,并建立合理的融资体制改革成果公平分享的法律制度.     

大力推进西部地区资本市场的发展

发展西部地区资本市场的关键在于提高资本形成能力 ,这就要求西部地区从资本市场投资主体、开拓融资渠道、吸引民间资本以及筹资途径方面采取相应的对策与措施。     

资本破冰动漫产业——访环球数码股份有限公司董事长金国平

从去年中影动画产业有限公司挂牌成立,到环球数码股份有限公司于今年暑期档即将推出的耗时5年、投资过亿的国内首部三维动画大片——《莫比斯环》。似乎都预示着中国的动漫产业将在2006 年会有一番大动作。而由《资本市场》杂志社举办的“首届中国动漫产业投资高层论坛”也将在今年适时召开,这将为中国的动漫产业投资做出一个指引。《资本市场》杂志编辑部谨以此次特别报道献给即将到来的中国动漫产业投资盛宴。     

基于市场流动性的公司债发行定价合理性研究

债券市场作为一个国家货币政策和财政政策能有效实施以及国民经济能够有效均衡发展的保障,越来越受到世界各国的关注。公司债券作为债券市场的重要组成部分,在发达国家已经成为公司的主要融资方式。但是在我国,债券市场一直是我国资本市场的短板,而公司债券市场的发展尤为滞后。我国公司的间接融资比例高于直接融资比例,资本市场融资比例中股权融资又远远高于债务融资,这种不平衡不仅会使银行系统积聚巨大的系统风险,还会造成公司融资渠道受限、公司资本结构不合理和公司缺乏创新的局面。目前,我国公司债券的发展已经受到各方面的高度重视,而公司债券的定价作为发行过程中一个相当重要的环节,有相当重要的研究意义。本文拟在考虑到流动性度量的基础上,建立回归模型研究公司债券发行定价的合理性问题。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.